数据查询query方法参数解析

参考链接:

首先假设有如下表格,表格名称为:"Employees"

SQL基本格式如下:

select 列名称 from 表名称

最基本SQL语句,就是从表中选取要返回的列数据,不加任何过滤条件。当然如果"列名称"是"*",那么将返回整个表格数据。在Android上,SQL相关的method通常有一个参数就是String[] columns,而这个参数对应的就是SQL语句中的"列名称"。可以看一下Android中的method-query:

Cursor query(boolean distinct, String table, String[] columns,String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String groupBy,String having, String orderBy, String limit) 各个参数的意义说明:①table:表名称②columns:列名称数组③selection:条件字句,相当于where④selectionArgs:条件字句,参数数组⑤groupBy:分组列⑥having:分组条件⑦orderBy:排序列⑧limit:分页查询限制

假设想获取人员的全名,那么SQL语句如下:

select FirstName, LastName from Employees

当然一般地会有条件的过滤,得到自己想要的结果,例如只想返回city为Beijing的人员信息,那么就需要用where来过滤:

select * from Employees where City= 'Beijing'这里where后面跟的字符串就是Android的method中对应的参数String select。Android的method中通常还有个参数于此相关就是String[] selectionsArgs,当selection参数中包含问号"?"时,那么selectionArgs才会用到。举个例子,假设selection参数赋值如下:String selection = "City=?";这时则必须在selectionArgs参数中赋值为如下:String[] selectionArgs = {"Beijing"};也就是说selectionArgs中的字符串就是对应selection中的问号所代表的变量。实际上就是让selection中的过滤添加City可以动态的赋值,而不是写死在程序中。在query()执行时会对selectionArgs中的字符串正确转义并替换到对应的?问号处以构成完整的selection字符串,,有点想String.format()。

那么和显然参数String groupBy就是对应SQL语句中的GROUP BY后面的字符串,GROUP BY是与合计函数(Aggregate Functions)如SUM()一起使用的。

参数String having对应SQL语句HAVING后面的字符串,也是要与合计函数一起使用的

参数String orderBy对应SQL语句ORDER BY后面的字符串

参数limit指明返回的rows的数量

下面举个例子,假设有如下数据表,表名"Orders":

假设想查询客户总的订单在300元以上的,且County是city4的客户的名称,且安装CustomeName来排序,默认ASC排序,那么SQL语句应当是:

SELECT CustomerName, SUM (OrderPrice) FROM Orders WHERE Country=?GROUP BY CustomerNameHAVING SUM (OrderPrice)>300ORDER BY CustomerName那么对应Android的query函数的参数如下:String table = "Orders" ; String[] columns = new String[] { "CustomerName" , "SUM(OrderPrice)" }; String selection = "Country=?" ; String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{ "city4" }; String groupBy = "CustomerName" ; String having = "SUM(OrderPrice)>300" ; String orderBy = "CustomerName" ;

测试例子:package com.example.query;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.content.Context;import android.database.Cursor;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;public class MainActivity extends Activity {private SQLiteDatabase db;private MyDatabaseUtil databaseUtil;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);db = this.openOrCreateDatabase("Orders.db", Context.MODE_PRIVATE, null);databaseUtil = new MyDatabaseUtil(this, "Orders.db", null, 1);if (!databaseUtil.tabIsExist("Orders")){db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE Orders (_id integer primary key autoincrement,CustomerName text,OrderPrice INTEGER,Country text,OrderDate data)");ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();for(int i=0;i<5;i++){contentValues.put("CustomerName", "name"+ i);contentValues.put("OrderPrice", 100 + 100*i);contentValues.put("Country", "city"+ i);//参数一:表名 参数二:空列的默认值 参数三:ContentValues类型的一个封装了列名称和列值的Map//一行一行地插入db.insert("Orders", null, contentValues);}}else {Log.i("+++++++++++", "已经创建了,无需再创建");}String table = "Orders" ;String[] columns = new String[] { "CustomerName" , "SUM(OrderPrice)" };String selection = "Country=?" ;String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{ "city4" };String groupBy = "CustomerName" ;String having = "SUM(OrderPrice)>300" ;String orderBy = "CustomerName" ;Cursor c = db.query(table, columns, selection, selectionArgs, groupBy, having, orderBy, null );c.moveToFirst();while(!c.isAfterLast()){int index = c.getColumnIndex("CustomerName");Log.d("SQLite", c.getString(index));c.moveToNext();}}public class MyDatabaseUtil extends SQLiteOpenHelper{public MyDatabaseUtil(Context context, String name,CursorFactory factory, int version) {super(context, name, factory, version);// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}@Overridepublic void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase arg0) {// TODO Auto-generated method stub}@Overridepublic void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase arg0, int arg1, int arg2) {// TODO Auto-generated method stub}/*** 判断某张表是否存在* @param tabName 表名* @return*/public boolean tabIsExist(String tabName){boolean result = false;if(tabName == null){return false;}SQLiteDatabase db = null;Cursor cursor = null;try {db = this.getReadableDatabase();//此this是继承SQLiteOpenHelper类得到的String sql = "select count(*) as c from sqlite_master where type ='table' and name ='"+tabName.trim()+"' ";cursor = db.rawQuery(sql, null);if(cursor.moveToNext()){int count = cursor.getInt(0);if(count>0){result = true;}}} catch (Exception e) {// TODO: handle exception}return result;}}}

打印信息:

一直觉得人应该去旅行,在年轻的时候,

数据查询query方法参数解析

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