SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ
主要实现RabbitMQ以下三种消息队列：
简单消息队列（演示direct模式） 基于RabbitMQ特性的延时消息队列 基于RabbitMQ相关插件的延时消息队列公共资源
1. 引入pom依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency>
2. 配置yml文件
基于上篇《RabbitMQ安装与配置》实现的情况下，进行基础配置。
spring: rabbitmq: host: 121.5.168.31 port: 5672 # 默认可省略 virtual-host: /*** # 虚拟主机 username: *** # 用户名 password: *** # 用户密码 # 开启投递成功回调 P -> Exchange publisher-confirm-type: correlated # 开启投递消息到队列失败回调 Exchange -> Queue publisher-returns: true # 开启手动ACK确认模式 Queue -> C listener: simple: acknowledge-mode: manual # 代表手动ACK确认 # 一些基本参数的设置 concurrency: 3 prefetch: 15 retry: enabled: true max-attempts: 5 max-concurrency: 10
3. 公共Constants类
/** * @author Mr.Horse * @version 1.0 * @description: {description} * @date 2021/4/23 15:28 */public class Constants { /** * 第一个配置Queue,Exchange,Key(非注解方式) */ public final static String HORSE_SIMPLE_QUEUE = "HORSE_SIMPLE_QUEUE"; public final static String HORSE_SIMPLE_EXCHANGE = "HORSE_SIMPLE_EXCHANGE"; public final static String HORSE_SIMPLE_KEY = "HORSE_SIMPLE_KEY"; /** * 第二个配置Queue,Exchange,Key（注解方式） */ public final static String HORSE_ANNOTATION_QUEUE = "HORSE_ANNOTATION_QUEUE"; public final static String HORSE_ANNOTATION_EXCHANGE = "HORSE_ANNOTATION_EXCHANGE"; public final static String HORSE_ANNOTATION_KEY = "HORSE_ANNOTATION_KEY"; //************************************延时消息队列配置信息************************** /** * 延时队列信息配置 */ public final static String HORSE_DELAY_EXCHANGE = "HORSE_DELAY_EXCHANGE"; public final static String HORSE_DELAY_QUEUE = "HORSE_DELAY_QUEUE"; public final static String HORSE_DELAY_KEY = "HORSE_DELAY_KEY"; /** * 死信队列 */ public final static String HORSE_DEAD_EXCHANGE = "HORSE_DEAD_EXCHANGE"; public final static String HORSE_DEAD_QUEUE = "HORSE_DEAD_QUEUE"; public final static String HORSE_DEAD_KEY = "HORSE_DEAD_KEY"; //**************************************延时消息队列配置信息(插件版)****************************** /** * 新延时队列信息配置 */ public final static String HORSE_PLUGIN_EXCHANGE = "HORSE_PLUGIN_EXCHANGE"; public final static String HORSE_PLUGIN_QUEUE = "HORSE_PLUGIN_QUEUE"; public final static String HORSE_PLUGIN_KEY = "HORSE_PLUGIN_KEY";}
简单消息队列（direct模式）
4. RabbitTemplate模板配置
主要定义消息投递Exchange成功回调函数和消息从Exchange投递到消息队列失败的回调函数。
package com.topsun.rabbit;import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.operations.Bool;import com.topsun.constants.Constants;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/** * @author Mr.Horse * @version 1.0 * @description: {description} * @date 2021/4/23 14:17 */@Configurationpublic class RabbitConfig { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitConfig.class); @Autowired private CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory; /** * @return */ @Bean public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() { RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory); // 触发setReturnCallback回调必须设置mandatory=true,否则Exchange没有找到Queue就会丢弃掉消息, 而不会触发回调 rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(Boolean.TRUE); // 设置序列化机制 rabbitTemplate.setMessageConverter(new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter()); // 消息由投递到Exchange中时触发的回调 rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, cause) -> logger.info("消息发送到Exchange情况反馈:唯一标识：correlationData={},消息确认：ack={},原因：cause={}", correlationData, ack, cause) ); // 消息由Exchange发送到Queue时失败触发的回调 rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback((returnedMessage) -> { // 如果是插件形式实现的延时队列,则直接返回 // 原因: 因为发送方确实没有投递到队列上，只是在交换器上暂存，等过期时间到了 才会发往队列,从而实现延时队列的操作 if (Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_EXCHANGE.equals(returnedMessage.getExchange())) { return; } logger.warn("消息由Exchange发送到Queue时失败:message={},replyCode={},replyText={},exchange={},rountingKey={}", returnedMessage.getMessage(), returnedMessage.getReplyText(), returnedMessage.getReplyText(), returnedMessage.getExchange(), returnedMessage.getRoutingKey()); }); return rabbitTemplate; } //*******************************************直接配置绑定关系***************************************** /** * 声明队列 * * @return */ @Bean public Queue horseQueue() { return new Queue(Constants.HORSE_SIMPLE_QUEUE, Boolean.TRUE); } /** * 声明指定模式交换机 * * @return */ @Bean public DirectExchange horseExchange() { return new DirectExchange(Constants.HORSE_SIMPLE_EXCHANGE, Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE); } /** * 绑定交换机,队列,路由Key * * @return */ @Bean public Binding horseBinding() { return BindingBuilder.bind(horseQueue()).to(horseExchange()).with(Constants.HORSE_SIMPLE_KEY); }}
5. 定义消息监听器
基于 @RabbitListenerzi注解，实现自定义消息监听器。主要有两种实现方式：
如果在配置类中声明了Queue、Excehange以及他们直接的绑定，这里直接指定队列进行消息监听 如果前面什么也没做，这里可以直接用注解的方式进行绑定实现消息监听
package com.topsun.rabbit;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.topsun.constants.Constants;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.io.IOException;/** * @author Mr.Horse * @version 1.0 * @description: {description} * @date 2021/4/23 14:58 */@Componentpublic class MsgListener { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MsgListener.class); /** * 配置类中已经完成绑定,这里直接根据队列值接收 * * @param message * @param channel * @param msg */ @RabbitListenerzi(queues = Constants.HORSE_SIMPLE_QUEUE) public void customListener(Message message, Channel channel, String msg) { // 获取每条消息唯一标识(用于手动ACK确认) long tag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(); try { logger.info(" ==> customListener接收" + msg); // 手动ACK确认 channel.basicAck(tag, false); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error(" ==> 消息接收失败: {}", tag); } } /** * 根据注解的形式进行绑定接收 * * @param message * @param channel * @param msg */ @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding( value = @Queue(value = Constants.HORSE_ANNOTATION_QUEUE, durable = "true"), exchange = @Exchange(value = Constants.HORSE_ANNOTATION_EXCHANGE, ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true"), key = {Constants.HORSE_ANNOTATION_KEY} )) public void annotationListener(Message message, Channel channel, String msg) { // 获取每条消息唯一标识(用于手动ACK确认) long tag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(); try { logger.info(" ==> annotationListener接收" + msg); // 手动ACK确认 channel.basicAck(tag, false); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error(" ==> 消息接收失败: {}", tag); } }}
6. 测试接口
这里发送100条消息：
奇数条到非注解方式的消息监听器 偶数条到注解式消息监听器
@GetMapping("/rabbit") public void sendMsg() { for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { String msg = "第" + i + "条消息"; logger.info("==> 发送" + msg); if (i % 2 == 1) { rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.HORSE_SIMPLE_EXCHANGE, Constants.HORSE_SIMPLE_KEY, msg, new CorrelationData(String.valueOf(i))); } else { rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.HORSE_ANNOTATION_EXCHANGE, Constants.HORSE_ANNOTATION_KEY, msg, new CorrelationData(String.valueOf(i))); } } }
结果：自行测试过，非常成功:smile::smile::smile:
延时消息队列
原理：生产者生产一条延时消息，根据需要延时时间的不同，利用不同的routingkey将消息路由到不同的延时队列，每个队列都设置了不同的TTL属性，并绑定在同一个死信交换机中，消息过期后，根据routingkey的不同，又会被路由到不同的死信队列中，消费者只需要监听对应的死信队列进行处理即可。
7. 配置绑定相关信息
/** * @author Mr.Horse * @version 1.0 * @description: {description} * @date 2021/4/24 14:22 */@Configurationpublic class DelayRabbitConfig { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DelayRabbitConfig.class); /** * 声明延时队列交换机 * * @return */ @Bean public DirectExchange delayExchange() { return new DirectExchange(Constants.HORSE_DELAY_EXCHANGE, Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE); } /** * 声明死信队列交换机 * * @return */ @Bean public DirectExchange deadExchange() { return new DirectExchange(Constants.HORSE_DEAD_EXCHANGE, Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE); } /** * 声明延时队列 延时10s(单位:ms),并将延时队列绑定到对应的死信交换机和路由Key * * @return */ @Bean public Queue delayQueue() { Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(3); // x-dead-letter-exchange 这里声明当前队列绑定的死信交换机 args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", Constants.HORSE_DEAD_EXCHANGE); // x-dead-letter-routing-key 这里声明当前队列的死信路由key args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", Constants.HORSE_DEAD_KEY); // x-message-ttl 声明队列的TTL(过期时间) // 可以在这里直接写死，也可以进行动态的设置（推荐动态设置） // args.put("x-message-ttl", 10000); return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.HORSE_DELAY_QUEUE).withArguments(args).build(); } /** * 声明死信队列 * * @return */ @Bean public Queue deadQueue() { return new Queue(Constants.HORSE_DEAD_QUEUE, Boolean.TRUE); } /** * 延时队列绑定管理 * * @return */ @Bean public Binding delayBinding() { return BindingBuilder.bind(delayQueue()).to(delayExchange()).with(Constants.HORSE_DELAY_KEY); } /** * 死信队列绑定管理 * * @return */ @Bean public Binding deadBinding() { return BindingBuilder.bind(deadQueue()).to(deadExchange()).with(Constants.HORSE_DEAD_KEY); } //**********************************延时消息队列配置信息(插件版)************************************ @Bean public Queue pluginQueue() { return new Queue(Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_QUEUE); } /** * 设置延时队列的交换机，必须是 CustomExchange 类型交换机 * 参数必须，不能改变 * @return */ @Bean public CustomExchange customPluginExchange() { Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(2); args.put("x-delayed-type", "direct"); return new CustomExchange(Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_EXCHANGE, "x-delayed-message", Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE, args); } @Bean public Binding pluginBinding() { return BindingBuilder.bind(pluginQueue()).to(customPluginExchange()).with(Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_KEY).noargs(); }}
8. 定义延时监听器
/** * @author Mr.Horse * @version 1.0 * @description: {description} * @date 2021/4/24 14:51 */@Componentpublic class DelayMsgListener { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DelayMsgListener.class); /** * 监听死信队列 * * @param message * @param channel * @param msg */ @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.HORSE_DEAD_QUEUE) public void consumeDeadListener(Message message, Channel channel, String msg) { long tag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(); try { logger.info(" ==> consumeDeadListener接收" + msg); // 手动ACK确认 channel.basicAck(tag, false); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error(" ==> 消息接收失败: {}", tag); } } /** * 监听延时队列(插件版) * * @param message * @param channel * @param msg */ @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_QUEUE) public void consumePluginListener(Message message, Channel channel, String msg) { long tag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(); try { logger.info(" ==> consumePluginListener" + msg); // 手动ACK确认 channel.basicAck(tag, false); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error(" ==> 消息接收失败: {}", tag); } }}
9. 测试接口
// 基于特性的延时队列@GetMapping("/delay/rabbit") public void delayMsg(@RequestParam("expire") Long expire) { for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { String msg = "第" + i + "条消息"; logger.info("==> 发送" + msg); // 这里可以动态的设置过期时间 rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.HORSE_DELAY_EXCHANGE, Constants.HORSE_DELAY_KEY, msg, message -> { message.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(String.valueOf(expire)); return message; }, new CorrelationData(String.valueOf(i))); } }// 基于插件的延时队列 @GetMapping("/delay/plugin") public void delayPluginMsg(@RequestParam("expire") Integer expire) { for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { String msg = "第" + i + "条消息"; logger.info("==> 发送" + msg); // 动态设置过期时间 rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_EXCHANGE, Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_KEY, msg, message -> { message.getMessageProperties().setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT); message.getMessageProperties().setDelay(expire); return message; }, new CorrelationData(String.valueOf(i))); } }
结果：你懂的:scream_cat::scream_cat::scream_cat:
RabbitMQ的基础使用演示到此结束。
总结
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你有没有这样的感觉，坐在一列火车上，
