********************************************************************************1.表空间碎片********************************************************************************—-1.查看fsfi值select a.tablespace_name,trunc(sqrt(max(blocks)/sum(blocks))* (100/sqrt(sqrt(count(blocks)))),2) fsfi from dba_free_space a,dba_tablespaces bwhere a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_nameand b.contents not in('TEMPORARY','UNDO','SYSAUX')group by A.tablespace_name order by fsfi;如果FSFI小于<30%则表空间碎片太多.fsfi的最大可能值为100（一个理想的单文件表空间）。随着范围的增加，fsfi值缓慢下降，而随着最大范围尺寸的减少，fsfi值会迅速下降。—2.查看dba_free_spacedba_free_space 显示的是有free 空间的tablespace ，如果一个tablespace 的free 空间不连续，那每段free空间都会在dba_free_space中存在一条记录。如果一个tablespace 有好几条记录，说明表空间存在碎片，当采用字典管理的表空间碎片超过500就需要对表空间进行碎片整理。select a.tablespace_name ,count(1) 碎片量 from dba_free_space a, dba_tablespaces b where a.tablespace_name =b.tablespace_nameand b.contents not in('TEMPORARY','UNDO','SYSAUX')group by a.tablespace_namehaving count(1) >20order by 2;—–3.按照表空间显示连续的空闲空间========Script. tfstsfgm========SET ECHO off REM NAME:TFSTSFRM.SQL REM USAGE:"@path/tfstsfgm" REM ———————————————————————— REM REQUIREMENTS: REM SELECT ON DBA_FREE_SPACE REM ———————————————————————— REM PURPOSE: REM The following is a script. that will determine how many extents REM of contiguous free space you have in Oracle as well as the REM total amount of free space you have in each tablespace. From REM these results you can detect how fragmented your tablespace is. REMREM The ideal situation is to have one large free extent in your REM tablespace. The more extents of free space there are in the REM tablespace, the more likely you will run into fragmentation REM problems. The size of the free extents is also very important. REM If you have a lot of small extents (too small for any nextREM extent size) but the total bytes of free space is large, then REM you may want to consider defragmentation options. REM ———————————————————————— REM DISCLAIMER: REM This script. is provided for educational purposes only. It is NOT REM supported by Oracle World Wide Technical Support. REM The script. has been tested and appears to work as intended. REM You should always run new scripts on a test instance initially. REM ———————————————————————— REM Main text of script. follows:create table SPACE_TEMP (TABLESPACE_NAMECHAR(30),CONTIGUOUS_BYTESNUMBER)/declarecursor query is select *from dba_free_spaceorder by tablespace_name, block_id;this_rowquery%rowtype;previous_row query%rowtype;totalnumber;beginopen query;fetch query into this_row;previous_row := this_row;total := previous_row.bytes;loopfetch query into this_row;exit when query%notfound;if this_row.block_id = previous_row.block_id + previous_row.blocks thentotal := total + this_row.bytes;insert into SPACE_TEMP (tablespace_name)values (previous_row.tablespace_name);elseinsert into SPACE_TEMP values (previous_row.tablespace_name,total);total := this_row.bytes;end if;previous_row := this_row;end loop;insert into SPACE_TEMP values (previous_row.tablespace_name,total);end;./set pagesize 60set newpage 0set echo offttitle center 'Contiguous Extents Report' skip 3break on "TABLESPACE NAME" skip page duplicatespool contig_free_space.lisremcolumn "CONTIGUOUS BYTES"format 999,999,999column "COUNT"format 999column "TOTAL BYTES"format 999,999,999column "TODAY" noprint new_value new_today format a1remselect TABLESPACE_NAME "TABLESPACE NAME",CONTIGUOUS_BYTES "CONTIGUOUS BYTES"from SPACE_TEMPwhere CONTIGUOUS_BYTES is not nullorder by TABLESPACE_NAME, CONTIGUOUS_BYTES desc;select tablespace_name, count(*) "# OF EXTENTS",sum(contiguous_bytes) "TOTAL BYTES"from space_tempgroup by tablespace_name;spool offdrop table SPACE_TEMP/********************************************************************************2.表碎片********************************************************************************—-方法1：显示碎片率最高的200个表(基于统计信息是否准确)col frag format 999999.99col owner format a30;col table_name format a30;select * from (select a.owner,a.table_name,a.num_rows,a.avg_row_len * a.num_rows total_bytes,sum(b.bytes),trunc((a.avg_row_len*a.num_rows)/sum(b.bytes),2)*100||'%' fragfrom dba_tables a,dba_segments bwhere a.table_name=b.segment_nameand a.owner=b.ownerand a.owner not in('SYS','SYSTEM','OUTLN','DMSYS','TSMSYS','DBSNMP','WMSYS','EXFSYS','CTXSYS','XDB','OLAPSYS','ORDSYS','MDSYS','SYSMAN')group by a.owner,a.table_name,a.avg_row_len,a.num_rowshaving a.avg_row_len*a.num_rows/sum(b.bytes)<0.7order by sum(b.bytes) desc) where rownum<=200;—方法2：– 收集表统计信息exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>'SCOTT',tabname=> 'TBLORDERS');– 确定碎片程度SELECT table_name, trunc(ROUND ((blocks * 8), 2)/1024,2) "High water levelM",trunc(ROUND ((num_rows * avg_row_len / 1024), 2)/1024,2) "Real used spaceM",trunc(ROUND ((blocks * 10 / 100) * 8, 2)/1024,2) "Reserve space(pctfree) M", trunc( ROUND (( blocks * 8- (num_rows * avg_row_len / 1024)- blocks * 8 * 10 / 100),2) /1024,2) "Waste spaceM" FROM dba_tables WHERE table_name = 'TBLORDERS';********************************************************************************3.索引碎片********************************************************************************—1..查看索引高度为2并且索引大小超过20M的索引select id.tablespace_name, id.owner, id.index_name, id.blevel, sum(sg.bytes)/1024/1024, sg.blocks, sg.extentsfrom dba_indexes id,dba_segments sgwhere id.owner=sg.ownerand id.index_name=sg.segment_nameand id.tablespace_name=sg.tablespace_nameand id.owner not in('SYS','SYSTEM','USER','DBSNMP','ORDSYS','OUTLN')and sg.extents>100and id.blevel>=2group by id.tablespace_name,id.owner,id.index_name,id.blevel,sg.blocks,sg.extentshaving sum(sg.bytes)/1024/1024>20;—2.analyze index方法(会锁表)analyze index index_name validate structure;select del_lf_rows*100/decode(lf_rows,0,1,lf_rows) pct_deleted from index_stats;如果pct_deleted>20%说明索引碎片严重.********************************************************************************4.automatic segment advisor ********************************************************************************数据表上频繁的进行插入、更新和删除动作会产生表空间碎片。Oracle可在表或索引上执行Segment shrink。使得segment的空闲空间可用于表空间中的其它segment，可改善DML性能。调用Segment Advisor对指定segment执行增长趋势分析以确定哪些Segment受益于Segment shrink。执行shrink操作，，Segment Advisor推荐启用表的ROW MOVEMENTSQL> alter table scott.tblorders enable row movement;variable id number;begin declare name varchar2(100); descr varchar2(500); obj_id number; begin name:='Manual_tblorders'; descr:='Segment Advisor Example';dbms_advisor.create_task (advisor_name=> 'Segment Advisor',task_id=> :id,task_name=> name,task_desc=> descr);dbms_advisor.create_object (task_name=> name,object_type=> 'TABLE',attr1=> 'SCOTT',attr2=> 'TBLORDERS',attr3=> NULL,attr4=> NULL,attr5=> NULL,object_id=> obj_id);dbms_advisor.set_task_parameter(task_name=> name,parameter=> 'recommend_all',value=> 'TRUE');dbms_advisor.execute_task(name); end;end; /—删除执行计划declare name varchar2(100);begin name:='Manual_tblorders'; DBMS_ADVISOR.DELETE_TASK (name); end; /—手动执行计划declare name varchar2(100);begin name:='Manual_tblorders';dbms_advisor.execute_task(name); end; /NOTE:如果执行计划结果中已经有数据则不能直接手动执行需要删除再执行—查看手动新建的计划是否已经执行完成select task_id, task_name, status,advisor_name,created from dba_advisor_taskswhere owner = 'SYS' and task_name='Manual_tblorders' and advisor_name = 'Segment Advisor' ;select af.task_name, ao.attr2 segname, ao.attr3 partition, ao.type, af.messagefrom dba_advisor_findings af, dba_advisor_objects ao where ao.task_id = af.task_id and ao.object_id = af.object_id and af.task_id=&task_id;—-只查询可以进行shrink操作的对象select f.task_name, o.attr2 segname, o.attr3 partition, o.type, f.message from dba_advisor_findings f, dba_advisor_objects owhere o.object_id = f.object_idand o.task_name=f.task_name–and f.message like '%shrink%'and f.message like '%收缩%'and f.task_id=&task_idorder by f.impact desc;—查看automatic segment advisor的recommendations结果select tablespace_name, segment_name, segment_type, partition_name,recommendations, c1 fromtable(dbms_space.asa_recommendations('FALSE', 'FALSE', 'FALSE'));********************************************************************************5. 碎片整理方法********************************************************************************————————————————*5.1表空间碎片整理————————————————*alter tablespace users coalesce;————————————————*5.2表碎片整理————————————————*—方法1:exo/imp或data pump数据泵技术—方法2:CTAScreate table newtable as select * from oldtable;drop table oldtable;rename table newtable to oldtable;—-方法3:move tablespace技术alter table <table_name> move tablespace <newtablespace_name>;—-方法4:shrinkalter table <table_name> enable row movement;alter table <table_name> shrink space cascade; –压缩表以及相关数据段并下调HWMalter table <table_name> shrink space compact; –只压缩数据不下调HWM,不影响DML操作alter table <table_name> shrink space; –下调HWM,影响DML操作—-方法5:online redefinition–online redefinition具有的应用场景:1).Online table redefinition enables you to:2).Modify the storage parameters of a table or cluster3).Move a table or cluster to a different tablespace4).Add or drop partitioning support (non-clustered tables only)5).Change partition structure6).Change physical properties of a single table partition, including moving it to a different tablespace in the same schema7).Change physical properties of a materialized view log or an Oracle Streams Advanced Queueing queue table8).Add support for parallel queries9).Re-create a table or cluster to reduce fragmentation10).Convert a relational table into a table with object columns, or do the reverse.11).Convert an object table into a relational table or a table with object columns, or do the reverse.—整理步骤–步骤1：检测表是否具有按主键进行ONLINE REDIFINITION能力BEGINDBMS_REDEFINITION.CAN_REDEF_TABLE('scott','t1',DBMS_REDEFINITION.CONS_USE_PK);END;/–步骤2：新建一张同结构的临时表create table scott.tp1 tablespace ocpyangasselect * from scott.t1 where 1=2;–步骤3:启动ONLINE REDIFINITIONBEGINDBMS_REDEFINITION.START_REDEF_TABLE('scott', 't1','tp1','',dbms_redefinition.cons_use_pk);END;/–步骤4:Copy dependent objects. (Automatically create any triggers, indexes, materialized view logs, grants, and constraints on scott.tblorders.)DECLAREnum_errors PLS_INTEGER;BEGINDBMS_REDEFINITION.COPY_TABLE_DEPENDENTS('scott', 't1','tp1',DBMS_REDEFINITION.CONS_ORIG_PARAMS, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, num_errors);END;/–步骤5:检查是否除primary、constraint之外的错误select object_name, base_table_name, ddl_txt fromDBA_REDEFINITION_ERRORS;–步骤6：Optionally, synchronize the interim table hr.int_admin_emp.BEGIN DBMS_REDEFINITION.SYNC_INTERIM_TABLE('scott', 't1', 'tp1');END;/–步骤7：Complete the redefinition.BEGINDBMS_REDEFINITION.FINISH_REDEF_TABLE('scott', 't1', 'tp1');END;/NOTE:The table scott.tblorders is locked in the exclusive mode only for a small window toward the end of this step.After this call the table scott.tblorders is redefined such that it has all the attributes of the scott.tptblorders table.————————————————*5.3 索引碎片整理————————————————*alter index <index_name> rebuild online parallel 4 nologging;alter table <index_name> coalesce;由于rebuild index可以在线、并行、不产生日志方式进行.推荐使用rebuild index.********************************************************************************6.最佳实践********************************************************************************1.针对表的碎片化优先考虑shrink技术；针对索引的碎片优先考虑rebuild index技术；2.如果shrink不理想则采用online redefinition技术3.如果空间不够导致rebuild index无法实施则考虑coalesce技术4.虽然shrink和rebuild index都不影响在线应用但保险起见尽量避免在业务高峰执行5.shrink技术考虑先压缩数据不下调HWM，然后找业务低谷时间再下调HWM并释放空间6.建议rebuild index以非ONLINE方式执行虽然支持online.
使用双手的是劳工，使用双手和头脑的舵手，
