目前正在学习python，使用的工具为python3.2.3。发现3x版本和2x版本有些差异，在套接字编程时，，困扰了我很久，先将python核心编程书中的例子
代码如下:
服务器端:
# Echo server programfrom socket import *from time import ctimeHOST = ”# Symbolic name meaning all available interfacesPORT = 50007# Arbitrary non-privileged portBUFSIZE = 1024ADDR = (HOST, PORT)tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)tcpSerSock.listen(5)while True:print(‘waiting for connection…’)tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept()print(‘…connected from:’, addr)while True:data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE)if not data:breaktcpCliSock.send((‘[%s] %s’ % (ctime(), data)))tcpCliSock.close()tcpSerSock.close()
客户端
# Echo client programfrom socket import*HOST = ‘127.0.0.1’PORT = 50007# The same port as used by the serverBUFSIZE = 1024ADDR = (HOST, PORT)tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)while True:data = input(‘> ‘)if not data:breaktcpCliSock.send(data)data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE)if not data:breakprint(data)tcpCliSock.close()
报错：
TypeError:’str’ does not support the buffer interface
找问题找了好久，在StackOverflow上发现有人也出现同样的问题，并一个叫Scharron的人提出了解答：
In python 3, bytes strings and unicodestrings are now two different types. Since sockets are not aware of string encodings, they are using raw bytes strings, that have a slightly differentinterface from unicode strings.
So, now, whenever you have a unicode stringthat you need to use as a byte string, you need toencode()it. And whenyou have a byte string, you need todecodeit to use it as a regular(python 2.x) string.
Unicode strings are quotes enclosedstrings. Bytes strings areb""enclosed strings
When you useclient_socket.send(data),replace it byclient_socket.send(data.encode()). When you get datausingdata = client_socket.recv(512), replace it bydata =client_socket.recv(512).decode()
同时我看了一下python帮助文档：
Codec.encode(input[, errors])
Encodes the object input and returns atuple (output object, length consumed). Encoding convertsa string object to abytes object using a particular character set encoding
Codec.decode(input[, errors])
Decodes the object input and returns atuple (output object, length consumed). Decoding converts a bytes objectencoded using a particular character set encoding toa string object.
input must be a bytes object or one whichprovides the read-only character buffer interface – for example, buffer objectsand memory mapped files.
套接字的成员函数send
socket.send(bytes[, flags]) 形参为字节类型
socket.recv(bufsize[, flags]) Receive datafrom the socket. The return value is abytesobject representing the data received.
所以修正后代码如下：
服务器端：
# Echo server programfrom socket import *from time import ctimeHOST = ”# Symbolic name meaning all available interfacesPORT = 50007# Arbitrary non-privileged portBUFSIZE = 1024ADDR = (HOST, PORT)tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)tcpSerSock.listen(5)while True:print(‘waiting for connection…’)tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept()print(‘…connected from:’, addr)while True:data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE).decode()if not data:breaktcpCliSock.send((‘[%s] %s’ % (ctime(), data)).encode())tcpCliSock.close()tcpSerSock.close()客服端
# Echo client programfrom socket import*HOST = ‘127.0.0.1’PORT = 50007# The same port as used by the serverBUFSIZE = 1024ADDR = (HOST, PORT)tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)while True:data = input(‘> ‘)if not data:breaktcpCliSock.send(data.encode())data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE).decode()if not data:breakprint(data)tcpCliSock.close()运行结果: 达到预期
在使用这些函数时想当然去用，没有去查找帮助文档，没有弄清楚传参类型，可能是一个例题，没有注意这些，但是得吸取教训。
同样的在udp的情况下：修正过的
服务器端:
from socket import *from time import ctimeHOST = ”;PORT = 21546BUFSIZE = 1024ADDR = (HOST, PORT)udpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)udpSerSock.bind(ADDR)while True:print(‘waiting for message…’)data, addr = udpSerSock.recvfrom(BUFSIZE)udpSerSock.sendto((‘[%s] %s’ %(ctime(), data.decode())).encode(), addr)print(‘…received from and returned to:’, addr)udpSerSock.close()客户端:
from socket import *HOST = ‘localhost’PORT = 21567BUFSIZE = 1024ADDR = (HOST, PORT)while True:tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)data = input(‘> ‘)if not data:breaktcpCliSock.send((‘%s\r\n’ % data).encode())data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE).decode()if not data:breakprint(data.strip())tcpCliSock.close()
使用socketserver模块:
服务器端：
最重要的是今天的心。
