kangaroo835127729的专栏

上篇文章简单地介绍了listview的使用和优化,都是一些常见的优化技巧。但是listview优化还有一些重要的问题,那就是图片加载,异步加载的优化,因为图片占用内存较大,listview在滑动过程中很容易产生OOM的现象,下面我来给大家解释一下图片异步加载的优化思路。

总的来说有一下几个优化思路:

1,对Imageview使用setTag()方法来解决图片错位问题,这个Tag中设置的是图片的url,然后在加载的时候取得这个url和要加载那position中的url对比,如果不相同就加载,相同就是复用以前的就不加载了

2,对于要加载的图片资源,先在内存缓存中找(原始的方法是使用SoftRefrence,最新的方法是使用android提供的Lrucache),如果找不到,则在本地缓存(可以使用DiskLrucache类)中找(也就是读取原先下载过的本地图片),还找不到,就开启异步线程去下载图片,下载以后,保存在本地,内存缓存也保留一份引用

3,在为imagview装载图片时,先测量需要的图片大小,按比例缩放

4,使用一个Map保存异步线程的引用,key->value为url->AsyncTask,这样可以避免已经开启了线程去加载图片,但是还没有加载完时,又重复开启线程去加载图片的情况

5,在快速滑动的时候不加载图片,取消所有图片加载线程,一旦停下来,继续可见图片的加载线程

下面都是我摘取的网上的一些例子,我分别介绍它们来说明上述的优化思路

第一个例子:

public class MemoryCache {private static final String TAG = "MemoryCache";// 放入缓存时是个同步操作// LinkedHashMap构造方法的最后一个参数true代表这个map里的元素将按照最近使用次数由少到多排列,即LRU// 这样的好处是如果要将缓存中的元素替换,则先遍历出最近最少使用的元素来替换以提高效率private Map<String, Bitmap> cache = Collections.synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap<String, Bitmap>(10, 1.5f, true));// 缓存中图片所占用的字节,初始0,将通过此变量严格控制缓存所占用的堆内存private long size = 0;// current allocated size// 缓存只能占用的最大堆内存private long limit = 1000000;// max memory in bytespublic MemoryCache() {// use 25% of available heap sizesetLimit(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 4);}public void setLimit(long new_limit) { limit = new_limit;Log.i(TAG, "MemoryCache will use up to " + limit / 1024. / 1024. + "MB");}public Bitmap get(String id) {try {if (!cache.containsKey(id))return null;return cache.get(id);} catch (NullPointerException ex) {return null;}}public void put(String id, Bitmap bitmap) {try {if (cache.containsKey(id))size -= getSizeInBytes(cache.get(id));cache.put(id, bitmap);size += getSizeInBytes(bitmap);checkSize();} catch (Throwable th) {th.printStackTrace();}}/** * 严格控制堆内存,如果超过将首先替换最近最少使用的那个图片缓存 * */private void checkSize() {Log.i(TAG, "cache size=" + size + " length=" + cache.size());if (size > limit) {// 先遍历最近最少使用的元素Iterator<Entry<String, Bitmap>> iter = cache.entrySet().iterator();while (iter.hasNext()) {Entry<String, Bitmap> entry = iter.next();size -= getSizeInBytes(entry.getValue());iter.remove();if (size <= limit)break;}Log.i(TAG, "Clean cache. New size " + cache.size());}}public void clear() {cache.clear();}/** * 图片占用的内存 * * @param bitmap * @return */long getSizeInBytes(Bitmap bitmap) {if (bitmap == null)return 0;return bitmap.getRowBytes() * bitmap.getHeight();}}也可以使用SoftReference,代码会简单很多,但是我推荐上面的方法。public class MemoryCache {private Map<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>> cache = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>>());public Bitmap get(String id) {if (!cache.containsKey(id))return null;SoftReference<Bitmap> ref = cache.get(id);return ref.get();}public void put(String id, Bitmap bitmap) {cache.put(id, new SoftReference<Bitmap>(bitmap));}public void clear() {cache.clear();}}下面是文件缓存类的代码FileCache.java:public class FileCache {private File cacheDir;public FileCache(Context context) {// 如果有SD卡则在SD卡中建一个LazyList的目录存放缓存的图片// 没有SD卡就放在系统的缓存目录中if (android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED))cacheDir = new File(android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"LazyList");elsecacheDir = context.getCacheDir();if (!cacheDir.exists())cacheDir.mkdirs();}public File getFile(String url) {// 将url的hashCode作为缓存的文件名String filename = String.valueOf(url.hashCode());// Another possible solution// String filename = URLEncoder.encode(url);File f = new File(cacheDir, filename);return f;}public void clear() {File[] files = cacheDir.listFiles();if (files == null)return;for (File f : files)f.delete();}}

最后最重要的加载图片的类,ImageLoader.java:

public class ImageLoader {MemoryCache memoryCache = new MemoryCache();FileCache fileCache;private Map<ImageView, String> imageViews = Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<ImageView, String>());// 线程池ExecutorService executorService;public ImageLoader(Context context) {fileCache = new FileCache(context);executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);}// 当进入listview时默认的图片,可换成你自己的默认图片final int stub_id = R.drawable.stub;// 最主要的方法public void DisplayImage(String url, ImageView imageView) {imageViews.put(imageView, url);// 先从内存缓存中查找Bitmap bitmap = memoryCache.get(url);if (bitmap != null)imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);else {// 若没有的话则开启新线程加载图片queuePhoto(url, imageView);imageView.setImageResource(stub_id);}}private void queuePhoto(String url, ImageView imageView) {PhotoToLoad p = new PhotoToLoad(url, imageView);executorService.submit(new PhotosLoader(p));}private Bitmap getBitmap(String url) {File f = fileCache.getFile(url);// 先从文件缓存中查找是否有Bitmap b = decodeFile(f);if (b != null)return b;// 最后从指定的url中下载图片try {Bitmap bitmap = null;URL imageUrl = new URL(url);HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) imageUrl.openConnection();conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);conn.setReadTimeout(30000);conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(f);CopyStream(is, os);os.close();bitmap = decodeFile(f);return bitmap;} catch (Exception ex) {ex.printStackTrace();return null;}}// decode这个图片并且按比例缩放以减少内存消耗,虚拟机对每张图片的缓存大小也是有限制的private Bitmap decodeFile(File f) {try {// decode image sizeBitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o);// Find the correct scale value. It should be the power of 2.final int REQUIRED_SIZE = 70;int width_tmp = o.outWidth, height_tmp = o.outHeight;int scale = 1;while (true) {if (width_tmp / 2 < REQUIRED_SIZE|| height_tmp / 2 < REQUIRED_SIZE)break;width_tmp /= 2;height_tmp /= 2;scale *= 2;}// decode with inSampleSizeBitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();o2.inSampleSize = scale;return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o2);} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {}return null;}// Task for the queueprivate class PhotoToLoad {public String url;public ImageView imageView;public PhotoToLoad(String u, ImageView i) {url = u;imageView = i;}}class PhotosLoader implements Runnable {PhotoToLoad photoToLoad;PhotosLoader(PhotoToLoad photoToLoad) {this.photoToLoad = photoToLoad;}@Overridepublic void run() {if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))return;Bitmap bmp = getBitmap(photoToLoad.url);memoryCache.put(photoToLoad.url, bmp);if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))return;BitmapDisplayer bd = new BitmapDisplayer(bmp, photoToLoad);// 更新的操作放在UI线程中Activity a = (Activity) photoToLoad.imageView.getContext();a.runOnUiThread(bd);}}/** * 防止图片错位 * * @param photoToLoad * @return */boolean imageViewReused(PhotoToLoad photoToLoad) {String tag = imageViews.get(photoToLoad.imageView);if (tag == null || !tag.equals(photoToLoad.url))return true;return false;}// 用于在UI线程中更新界面class BitmapDisplayer implements Runnable {Bitmap bitmap;PhotoToLoad photoToLoad;public BitmapDisplayer(Bitmap b, PhotoToLoad p) {bitmap = b;photoToLoad = p;}public void run() {if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))return;if (bitmap != null)photoToLoad.imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);elsephotoToLoad.imageView.setImageResource(stub_id);}}public void clearCache() {memoryCache.clear();fileCache.clear();}public static void CopyStream(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {final int buffer_size = 1024;try {byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer_size];for (;;) {int count = is.read(bytes, 0, buffer_size);if (count == -1)break;os.write(bytes, 0, count);}} catch (Exception ex) {}}}

当你感到悲哀痛苦时,最好是去学些什么东西。

kangaroo835127729的专栏

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