[root@baculaserveropt]#/opt/bacula/sbin/bconsole ConnectingtoDirector192.168.12.188:9101 1000OK:f10-64-build-dirVersion:3.0.2(18July2009) Enteraperiodtocancelacommand *label AutomaticallyselectedStorage:dbsd EnternewVolumename:cicro4#卷组名称，可随意指定，指定完毕后会在 #bacula-dir.conf文件的指定位置生成一个cicro4文件 DefinedPools: 1:dbpool 2:Scratch SelectthePool(1-2):1#指定卷组的放置位置，即为SD名称。 #Dbpool在bacula-dir.conf中定义 ConnectingtoStoragedaemondbsdat192.168.12.188:9103...#由于指定SD在 #192.168.12.188主机上，因此将卷cicro4创建到了此主机上 SendinglabelcommandforVolume cicro4 Slot0... 3000OKlabel.VolBytes=191DVD=0Volume= cicro4 Device= dbdev (/cicro/backup2) CatalogrecordforVolume cicro4 ,Slot0successfullycreated. Requestingtomountdbdev... 3906Filedevice dbdev (/cicro/backup2)isalwaysmounted.
2．利用run命令执行备份操作下面继续在bacula控制端执行备份操作：
*run Ajobnamemustbespecified. ThedefinedJobresourcesare: 1:Client1#这里的Client1是在bacula-dir.conf中定义的一个Job执行任务 2:Client#这里的Client也是在bacula-dir.conf中定义的一个Job执行任务 3:BackupCatalog 4:RestoreFiles SelectJobresource(1-2):1 RunBackupjob JobName:Client1 Level:Incremental Client:dbfd FileSet:dbfs Pool:dbpool(FromJobresource) Storage:dbsd(FromJobresource) When:2009-08-2113:40:13 Priority:10 OKtorun?(yes/mod/no):yes Jobqueued.JobId=67
到此为止，可以开始执行备份，在bacula-dir.conf文件中定义的Client1是一个增量备份，因此这个备份只是个增量操作。由于这是第一个备份，因此默认Client1会做一个完全备，第二次备份时，才执行增量备份。
3．查看备份状态在bacula控制端利用 status 可以查看bacula的各种状态，这里查看备份时Director端的一个状态信息。
*status Statusavailablefor: 1:Director 2:Storage 3:Client 4:All Selectdaemontypeforstatus(1-4):1 f10-64-build-dirVersion:3.0.2(18July2009)x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuredhat Daemonstarted21-Aug-0913:22,0Jobsrunsincestarted. Heap:heap=241,664smbytes=82,242max_bytes=82,498bufs=245max_bufs=250ScheduledJobs: LevelTypePriScheduledNameVolume=============================================================================== IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Client1cicro4 RunningJobs: Consoleconnectedat21-Aug-0913:37 JobIdLevelNameStatus====================================================================== 67FullClient1.2009-08-21_13.40.16_07isrunning 由此可知，备份正在进行，备份完成再次查看备份信息，输出如下： *status Statusavailablefor: 1:Director 2:Storage 3:Client 4:All Selectdaemontypeforstatus(1-4):1 由于这里bacula将备份的存储端(SD)和控制端（DIR）设置在一台服务器上，因此可以通过选项1 Director 来查看SD的状态，如果SD端和DIR端不在一台服务器上，要查看选项2，即 Storage 。这里选择选项1r后输出内容如下： f10-64-build-dirVersion:3.0.2(18July2009)x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuredhat Daemonstarted21-Aug-0913:22,1Jobrunsincestarted. Heap:heap=241,664smbytes=73,891max_bytes=84,825bufs=212max_bufs=250ScheduledJobs: LevelTypePriScheduledNameVolume=============================================================================== IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Client1cicro4 RunningJobs: Consoleconnectedat21-Aug-0913:42 NoJobsrunning. TerminatedJobs: JobIdLevelFilesBytesStatusFinishedName ==================================================================== 58Incr246.85MOK19-Aug-0916:51Client1 59Incr23.908MOK19-Aug-0916:51Client1 60Incr28.377KOK19-Aug-0916:52Client1 61Incr10OK19-Aug-0916:53Client1 62Incr28.344KOK19-Aug-0916:53Client1 63Incr28.377KOK19-Aug-0916:54Client1 64377.44KOK19-Aug-0916:57RestoreFiles 6510OK19-Aug-0916:58RestoreFiles 66238.77KOK19-Aug-0916:59RestoreFiles 67Full25145.5MOK21-Aug-0913:41Client1
这里可以看到，JobId为67的备份是一个完全备份，备份数据的文件数为25个，备份压缩后的大小为145.5MB，备份完成在 21-Aug-09 13:41 ，最后的Client1是备份资源的名称。
二、实例演示bacula的增量备份功能
在上面的操作中，设定的备份资源Job本身就是一个增量备份，下面执行的备份操作与上面完全相同，不同的是，这里是第二次备份，bacula会按照设定执行增量备份，操作如下代码清单如下所示。执行增量备份
*run AutomaticallyselectedCatalog:MyCatalog UsingCatalog MyCatalog Ajobnamemustbespecified. ThedefinedJobresourcesare: 1:Client1 2:Client 3:BackupCatalog 4:RestoreFiles SelectJobresource(1-2):1 RunBackupjob JobName:Client1 Level:Incremental Client:dbfd FileSet:dbfs Pool:dbpool(FromJobresource) Storage:dbsd(FromJobresource) When:2009-08-2114:20:24 Priority:10 OKtorun?(yes/mod/no):yes Jobqueued.JobId=68*status Statusavailablefor: 1:Director 2:Storage 3:Client 4:All Selectdaemontypeforstatus(1-4):1 f10-64-build-dirVersion:3.0.2(18July2009)x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuredhat Daemonstarted21-Aug-0913:22,2Jobsrunsincestarted. Heap:heap=241,664smbytes=84,576max_bytes=97,749bufs=218max_bufs=252ScheduledJobs: LevelTypePriScheduledNameVolume=============================================================================== IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Client1cicro4 RunningJobs: Consoleconnectedat21-Aug-0914:19 NoJobsrunning. TerminatedJobs: JobIdLevelFilesBytesStatusFinishedName ==================================================================== 59Incr23.908MOK19-Aug-0916:51Client1 60Incr28.377KOK19-Aug-0916:52Client1 61Incr10OK19-Aug-0916:53Client1 62Incr28.344KOK19-Aug-0916:53Client1 63Incr28.377KOK19-Aug-0916:54Client1 64377.44KOK19-Aug-0916:57RestoreFiles 6510OK19-Aug-0916:58RestoreFiles 66238.77KOK19-Aug-0916:59RestoreFiles 67Full25145.5MOK21-Aug-0913:41Client1 68Incr23.908MOK21-Aug-0914:20Client1
从最后的备份列表可以看出，系统进行了增量备份， 3.908 M 就是上次备份与这次备份之间的数据增加量。而JobId =68这个备份的Level级别为Incr也说明了此次备份为增量备份。
三、实例演示bacula的差异备份功能
差异备份与增量备份的原理，前面已经介绍过了，这里只给出具体的操作步骤。
1．开始执行备份
*run AutomaticallyselectedCatalog:MyCatalog UsingCatalog MyCatalog Ajobnamemustbespecified. ThedefinedJobresourcesare: 1:Client1 2:Client 3:BackupCatalog 4:RestoreFiles SelectJobresource(1-4):2#这里有两个Job任务可选，名为Client1的为增量 #备份操作，名为Client的为差异备份操作 RunBackupjob JobName:Client Level:Differential Client:dbfd FileSet:dbfs Pool:dbpool(FromJobresource) Storage:dbsd(FromJobresource) When:2009-08-2114:31:04 Priority:10 OKtorun?(yes/mod/no):yes Jobqueued.JobId=69Youhavemessages. 至此，开始执行差异备份，如果备份的数据量较大，可能需要一段时间才能完成备份。下面可以用 status 指令查看备份的状态。 2．查看备份状态 *status Statusavailablefor: 1:Director 2:Storage 3:Client 4:All Selectdaemontypeforstatus(1-4):1 f10-64-build-dirVersion:3.0.2(18July2009)x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuredhat Daemonstarted21-Aug-0914:30,0Jobsrunsincestarted. Heap:heap=253,952smbytes=67,810max_bytes=68,066bufs=267max_bufs=272ScheduledJobs: LevelTypePriScheduledNameVolume=========================================================================== IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Client1cicro4 IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Clientcicro4 IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05BackupCatalogcicro4 RunningJobs: Consoleconnectedat21-Aug-0914:30 JobIdLevelNameStatus====================================================================== 69FullClient.2009-08-21_14.31.10_03isrunning TerminatedJobs: JobIdLevelFilesBytesStatusFinishedName ==================================================================== 59Incr23.908MOK19-Aug-0916:51Client1 60Incr28.377KOK19-Aug-0916:52Client1 61Incr10OK19-Aug-0916:53Client1 62Incr28.344KOK19-Aug-0916:53Client1 63Incr28.377KOK19-Aug-0916:54Client1 64377.44KOK19-Aug-0916:57RestoreFiles 6510OK19-Aug-0916:58RestoreFiles 66238.77KOK19-Aug-0916:59RestoreFiles 67Full25145.5MOK21-Aug-0913:41Client1 68Incr23.908MOK21-Aug-0914:20Client1 从上面可以看到，备份还没有完成，备份状态为running。 等待几分钟，再次查看备份状态如下： *status Statusavailablefor: 1:Director 2:Storage 3:Client 4:All Selectdaemontypeforstatus(1-4):1 f10-64-build-dirVersion:3.0.2(18July2009)x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuredhat Daemonstarted21-Aug-0914:30,1Jobrunsincestarted. Heap:heap=253,952smbytes=65,680max_bytes=78,853bufs=240max_bufs=274ScheduledJobs: LevelTypePriScheduledNameVolume========================================================================== IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Client1cicro4 IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Clientcicro4 IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05BackupCatalogcicro4 RunningJobs: Consoleconnectedat21-Aug-0914:30 NoJobsrunning. TerminatedJobs: JobIdLevelFilesBytesStatusFinishedName ==================================================================== 60Incr28.377KOK19-Aug-0916:52Client1 61Incr10OK19-Aug-0916:53Client1 62Incr28.344KOK19-Aug-0916:53Client1 63Incr28.377KOK19-Aug-0916:54Client1 64377.44KOK19-Aug-0916:57RestoreFiles 6510OK19-Aug-0916:58RestoreFiles 66238.77KOK19-Aug-0916:59RestoreFiles 67Full25145.5MOK21-Aug-0913:41Client1 68Incr23.908MOK21-Aug-0914:20Client1 69Full26149.4MOK21-Aug-0914:32Client 从这里可以看到，JobId为69的备份已经完成，并且是一个完全备份，备份文件大小为149.4MB，而完成此差异备份的Job任务名称是Client。 3．继续执行备份操作 在执行下面的操作前，首先在客户端FD需要备份的文件夹下（根据前面的配置可知，应该是/cws3）增加一个大小为3.8MB左右的文件。 *run Ajobnamemustbespecified. ThedefinedJobresourcesare: 1:Client1 2:Client 3:BackupCatalog 4:RestoreFiles SelectJobresource(1-4):2 RunBackupjob JobName:Client Level:Differential Client:dbfd FileSet:dbfs Pool:dbpool(FromJobresource) Storage:dbsd(FromJobresource) When:2009-08-2114:34:25 Priority:10 OKtorun?(yes/mod/no):yes Jobqueued.JobId=70*status Statusavailablefor: 1:Director 2:Storage 3:Client 4:All Selectdaemontypeforstatus(1-4):1 f10-64-build-dirVersion:3.0.2(18July2009)x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuredhat Daemonstarted21-Aug-0914:30,2Jobsrunsincestarted. Heap:heap=253,952smbytes=67,989max_bytes=81,162bufs=240max_bufs=274ScheduledJobs: LevelTypePriScheduledNameVolume=========================================================================== IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Client1cicro4 IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Clientcicro4 IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05BackupCatalogcicro4 RunningJobs: Consoleconnectedat21-Aug-0914:30 NoJobsrunning. TerminatedJobs: JobIdLevelFilesBytesStatusFinishedName ==================================================================== 61Incr10OK19-Aug-0916:53Client1 62Incr28.344KOK19-Aug-0916:53Client1 63Incr28.377KOK19-Aug-0916:54Client1 64377.44KOK19-Aug-0916:57RestoreFiles 6510OK19-Aug-0916:58RestoreFiles 66238.77KOK19-Aug-0916:59RestoreFiles 67Full25145.5MOK21-Aug-0913:41Client1 68Incr23.908MOK21-Aug-0914:20Client1 69Full26149.4MOK21-Aug-0914:32Client 70Diff23.908MOK21-Aug-0914:34Client
从JobId为70的备份信息可以看出，此备份为差异增量备份，此次进行差异备份的数据量大小刚好为3.908 MB，与前面增加的文件大小基本相同。为了证明是前面执行的是差异增量备份，在FD端需要备份的文件夹下再次增加一个大小为3.8MB左右的一个文件，继续执行以下备份操作：
*run Ajobnamemustbespecified. ThedefinedJobresourcesare: 1:Client1 2:Client 3:BackupCatalog 4:RestoreFiles SelectJobresource(1-4):2 RunBackupjob JobName:Client Level:Differential Client:dbfd FileSet:dbfs Pool:dbpool(FromJobresource) Storage:dbsd(FromJobresource) When:2009-08-2114:34:59 Priority:10 OKtorun?(yes/mod/no):yes Jobqueued.JobId=71*status Statusavailablefor: 1:Director 2:Storage 3:Client 4:All Selectdaemontypeforstatus(1-4):1 f10-64-build-dirVersion:3.0.2(18July2009)x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuredhat Daemonstarted21-Aug-0914:30,3Jobsrunsincestarted. Heap:heap=253,952smbytes=69,087max_bytes=82,260bufs=240max_bufs=274ScheduledJobs: LevelTypePriScheduledNameVolume=========================================================================== IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Client1cicro4 IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Clientcicro4 IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05BackupCatalogcicro4 RunningJobs: Consoleconnectedat21-Aug-0914:30 NoJobsrunning. TerminatedJobs: JobIdLevelFilesBytesStatusFinishedName ==================================================================== 62Incr28.344KOK19-Aug-0916:53Client1 63Incr28.377KOK19-Aug-0916:54Client1 64377.44KOK19-Aug-0916:57RestoreFiles 6510OK19-Aug-0916:58RestoreFiles 66238.77KOK19-Aug-0916:59RestoreFiles 67Full25145.5MOK21-Aug-0913:41Client1 68Incr23.908MOK21-Aug-0914:20Client1 69Full26149.4MOK21-Aug-0914:32Client 70Diff23.908MOK21-Aug-0914:34Client 71Diff37.817MOK21-Aug-0914:35Client
由JobId为71的备份可以看出，此次备份的大小为7.817 M，刚好是上次差异增量备份的大小与此次增加文件的大小之和，由此证明确实为差异备份。第三次在FD端需要备份的文件夹下增加一个大小为3.8M左右的一个文件，继续执行备份操作：
*run Ajobnamemustbespecified. ThedefinedJobresourcesare: 1:Client1 2:Client 3:BackupCatalog 4:RestoreFiles SelectJobresource(1-4):2 RunBackupjob JobName:Client Level:Differential Client:dbfd FileSet:dbfs Pool:dbpool(FromJobresource) Storage:dbsd(FromJobresource) When:2009-08-2114:35:32 Priority:10 OKtorun?(yes/mod/no):yes Jobqueued.JobId=72*status Statusavailablefor: 1:Director 2:Storage 3:Client 4:All Selectdaemontypeforstatus(1-4):1 f10-64-build-dirVersion:3.0.2(18July2009)x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuredhat Daemonstarted21-Aug-0914:30,4Jobsrunsincestarted. Heap:heap=253,952smbytes=69,087max_bytes=82,260bufs=240max_bufs=274ScheduledJobs: LevelTypePriScheduledNameVolume=========================================================================== IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Client1cicro4 IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05Clientcicro4 IncrementalBackup1021-Aug-0923:05BackupCatalogcicro4 RunningJobs: Consoleconnectedat21-Aug-0914:30 NoJobsrunning. TerminatedJobs: JobIdLevelFilesBytesStatusFinishedName ==================================================================== 63Incr28.377KOK19-Aug-0916:54Client1 64377.44KOK19-Aug-0916:57RestoreFiles 6510OK19-Aug-0916:58RestoreFiles 66238.77KOK19-Aug-0916:59RestoreFiles 67Full25145.5MOK21-Aug-0913:41Client1 68Incr23.908MOK21-Aug-0914:20Client1 69Full26149.4MOK21-Aug-0914:32Client 70Diff23.908MOK21-Aug-0914:34Client 71Diff37.817MOK21-Aug-0914:35Client 72Diff411.72MOK21-Aug-0914:35Client
第三次执行备份，从JobId为72的备份可以很清楚地看出差异备份与增量备份的差别。
当你困难失望的时候，最重要的是事瞧得起你自己；
