漫谈Java加密技术 六至十

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（六）接下来我们介绍DSA数字签名，非对称加密的另一种实现。 DSADSA-Digital Signature Algorithm是Schnorr和ElGamal签名算法的变种，被美国NIST作为DSS（DigitalSignatureStandard）。简单的说，这是一种更高级的验证方式，用作数字签名。不单单只有公钥、私钥，还有数字签名。私钥加密生成数字签名，公钥验证数据及签名。如果数据和签名不匹配则认为验证失败！数字签名的作用就是校验数据在传输过程中不被修改。数字签名，是单向加密的升级！

1. 2. 通过java代码实现如下： import java.security.Key; import java.security.KeyFactory; import java.security.KeyPair; import java.security.KeyPairGenerator; import java.security.PrivateKey; import java.security.PublicKey; import java.security.SecureRandom; import java.security.Signature; import java.security.interfaces.DSAPrivateKey; import java.security.interfaces.DSAPublicKey; import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec; import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * DSA安全编码组件 * * @author 梁栋 * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */public abstract class DSACoder extends Coder { public static final String ALGORITHM = "DSA"; /** * 默认密钥字节数 * * 

     * DSA     * Default Keysize 1024     * Keysize must be a multiple of 64, ranging from 512 to 1024 (inclusive).     *

*/ private static final int KEY_SIZE = 1024; /** * 默认种子 */ private static final String DEFAULT_SEED = "0f22507a10bbddd07d8a3082122966e3"; private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "DSAPublicKey"; private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "DSAPrivateKey"; /** * 用私钥对信息生成数字签名 * * @param data * 加密数据 * @param privateKey * 私钥 * * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception { // 解密由base64编码的私钥 byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey); // 构造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec对象 PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); // KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法 KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM); // 取私钥匙对象 PrivateKey priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec); // 用私钥对信息生成数字签名 Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); signature.initSign(priKey); signature.update(data); return encryptBASE64(signature.sign()); } /** * 校验数字签名 * * @param data * 加密数据 * @param publicKey * 公钥 * @param sign * 数字签名 * * @return 校验成功返回true 失败返回false * @throws Exception * */ public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign) throws Exception { // 解密由base64编码的公钥 byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey); // 构造X509EncodedKeySpec对象 X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); // ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法 KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM); // 取公钥匙对象 PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec); Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); signature.initVerify(pubKey); signature.update(data); // 验证签名是否正常 return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign)); } /** * 生成密钥 * * @param seed * 种子 * @return 密钥对象 * @throws Exception */ public static Map initKey(String seed) throws Exception { KeyPairGenerator keygen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM); // 初始化随机产生器 SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom(); secureRandom.setSeed(seed.getBytes()); keygen.initialize(KEY_SIZE, secureRandom); KeyPair keys = keygen.genKeyPair(); DSAPublicKey publicKey = (DSAPublicKey) keys.getPublic(); DSAPrivateKey privateKey = (DSAPrivateKey) keys.getPrivate(); Map map = new HashMap(2); map.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey); map.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey); return map; } /** * 默认生成密钥 * * @return 密钥对象 * @throws Exception */ public static Map initKey() throws Exception { return initKey(DEFAULT_SEED); } /** * 取得私钥 * * @param keyMap * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String getPrivateKey(Map keyMap) throws Exception { Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY); return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded()); } /** * 取得公钥 * * @param keyMap * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String getPublicKey(Map keyMap) throws Exception { Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY); return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded()); }} 再给出一个测试类： import static org.junit.Assert.*; import java.util.Map; import org.junit.Test; /** * * @author 梁栋 * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */public class DSACoderTest { @Test public void test() throws Exception { String inputStr = "abc"; byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes(); // 构建密钥 Map keyMap = DSACoder.initKey(); // 获得密钥 String publicKey = DSACoder.getPublicKey(keyMap); String privateKey = DSACoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap); System.err.println("公钥:/r" + publicKey); System.err.println("私钥:/r" + privateKey); // 产生签名 String sign = DSACoder.sign(data, privateKey); System.err.println("签名:/r" + sign); // 验证签名 boolean status = DSACoder.verify(data, publicKey, sign); System.err.println("状态:/r" + status); assertTrue(status); }} 控制台输出： 公钥: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私钥:MIIBTAIBADCCASwGByqGSM44BAEwggEfAoGBAP1/U4EddRIpUt9KnC7s5Of2EbdSPO9EAMMeP4C2USZpRV1AIlH7WT2NWPq/xfW6MPbLm1Vs14E7gB00b/JmYLdrmVClpJ+f6AR7ECLCT7up1/63xhv4O1fnxqimFQ8E+4P208UewwI1VBNaFpEy9nXzrith1yrv8iIDGZ3RSAHHAhUAl2BQjxUjC8yykrmCouuEC/BYHPUCgYEA9+GghdabPd7LvKtcNrhXuXmUr7v6OuqC+VdMCz0HgmdRWVeOutRZT+ZxBxCBgLRJFnEj6EwoFhO3zwkyjMim4TwWeotUfI0o4KOuHiuzpnWRbqN/C/ohNWLx+2J6ASQ7zKTxvqhRkImog9/hWuWfBpKLZl6Ae1UlZAFMO/7PSSoEFwIVAIegLUtmm2oQKQJTOiLugHTSjl/q签名:MC0CFQCMg0J/uZmF8GuRpr3TNq48w60nDwIUJCyYNah+HtbU6NcQfy8Ac6LeLQs=状态:true (七) ECC ECC-Elliptic Curves Cryptography，椭圆曲线密码编码学，是目前已知的公钥体制中，对每比特所提供加密强度最高的一种体制。在软件注册保护方面起到很大的作用，一般的序列号通常由该算法产生。当我开始整理《Java加密技术（二）》的时候，我就已经在开始研究ECC了，但是关于Java实现ECC算法的资料实在是太少了，无论是国内还是国外的资料，无论是官方还是非官方的解释，最终只有一种答案——ECC算法在jdk1.5后加入支持，目前仅仅只能完成密钥的生成与解析。 尽管如此，我照旧提供相应的Java实现代码，以供大家参考。 通过java代码实现如下： import java.math.BigInteger; import java.security.Key; import java.security.KeyFactory; import java.security.interfaces.ECPrivateKey; import java.security.interfaces.ECPublicKey; import java.security.spec.ECFieldF2m; import java.security.spec.ECParameterSpec; import java.security.spec.ECPoint; import java.security.spec.ECPrivateKeySpec; import java.security.spec.ECPublicKeySpec; import java.security.spec.EllipticCurve; import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec; import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.crypto.NullCipher; import sun.security.ec.ECKeyFactory; import sun.security.ec.ECPrivateKeyImpl; import sun.security.ec.ECPublicKeyImpl; /** * ECC安全编码组件 * * @author 梁栋 * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */public abstract class ECCCoder extends Coder { public static final String ALGORITHM = "EC"; private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "ECCPublicKey"; private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "ECCPrivateKey"; /** * 解密 * 用私钥解密 * * @param data * @param key * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception { // 对密钥解密 byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key); // 取得私钥 PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = ECKeyFactory.INSTANCE; ECPrivateKey priKey = (ECPrivateKey) keyFactory .generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec); ECPrivateKeySpec ecPrivateKeySpec = new ECPrivateKeySpec(priKey.getS(), priKey.getParams()); // 对数据解密 // TODO Chipher不支持EC算法 未能实现 Cipher cipher = new NullCipher(); // Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM, keyFactory.getProvider()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey, ecPrivateKeySpec.getParams()); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 加密 * 用公钥加密 * * @param data * @param privateKey * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception { // 对公钥解密 byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey); // 取得公钥 X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = ECKeyFactory.INSTANCE; ECPublicKey pubKey = (ECPublicKey) keyFactory .generatePublic(x509KeySpec); ECPublicKeySpec ecPublicKeySpec = new ECPublicKeySpec(pubKey.getW(), pubKey.getParams()); // 对数据加密 // TODO Chipher不支持EC算法 未能实现 Cipher cipher = new NullCipher(); // Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM, keyFactory.getProvider()); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey, ecPublicKeySpec.getParams()); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 取得私钥 * * @param keyMap * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String getPrivateKey(Map keyMap) throws Exception { Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY); return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded()); } /** * 取得公钥 * * @param keyMap * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String getPublicKey(Map keyMap) throws Exception { Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY); return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded()); } /** * 初始化密钥 * * @return * @throws Exception */ public static Map initKey() throws Exception { BigInteger x1 = new BigInteger( "2fe13c0537bbc11acaa07d793de4e6d5e5c94eee8", 16); BigInteger x2 = new BigInteger( "289070fb05d38ff58321f2e800536d538ccdaa3d9", 16); ECPoint g = new ECPoint(x1, x2); // the order of generator BigInteger n = new BigInteger( "5846006549323611672814741753598448348329118574063", 10); // the cofactor int h = 2; int m = 163; int[] ks = { 7, 6, 3 }; ECFieldF2m ecField = new ECFieldF2m(m, ks); // y^2+xy=x^3+x^2+1 BigInteger a = new BigInteger("1", 2); BigInteger b = new BigInteger("1", 2); EllipticCurve ellipticCurve = new EllipticCurve(ecField, a, b); ECParameterSpec ecParameterSpec = new ECParameterSpec(ellipticCurve, g, n, h); // 公钥 ECPublicKey publicKey = new ECPublicKeyImpl(g, ecParameterSpec); BigInteger s = new BigInteger( "1234006549323611672814741753598448348329118574063", 10); // 私钥 ECPrivateKey privateKey = new ECPrivateKeyImpl(s, ecParameterSpec); Map keyMap = new HashMap(2); keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey); keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey); return keyMap; }} 请注意上述代码中的TODO内容，再次提醒注意，Chipher不支持EC算法，以上代码仅供参考。Chipher、Signature、KeyPairGenerator、KeyAgreement、SecretKey均不支持EC算法。为了确保程序能够正常执行，我们使用了NullCipher类，验证程序。 照旧提供一个测试类： import static org.junit.Assert.*; import java.math.BigInteger; import java.security.spec.ECFieldF2m; import java.security.spec.ECParameterSpec; import java.security.spec.ECPoint; import java.security.spec.ECPrivateKeySpec; import java.security.spec.ECPublicKeySpec; import java.security.spec.EllipticCurve; import java.util.Map; import org.junit.Test; /** * * @author 梁栋 * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */public class ECCCoderTest { @Test public void test() throws Exception { String inputStr = "abc"; byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes(); Map keyMap = ECCCoder.initKey(); String publicKey = ECCCoder.getPublicKey(keyMap); String privateKey = ECCCoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap); System.err.println("公钥: /n" + publicKey); System.err.println("私钥： /n" + privateKey); byte[] encodedData = ECCCoder.encrypt(data, publicKey); byte[] decodedData = ECCCoder.decrypt(encodedData, privateKey); String outputStr = new String(decodedData); System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "/n/r" + "解密后: " + outputStr); assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr); }} 控制台输出： 公钥:MEAwEAYHKoZIzj0CAQYFK4EEAAEDLAAEAv4TwFN7vBGsqgfXk95ObV5clO7oAokHD7BdOP9YMh8ugAU21TjM2qPZ私钥：MDICAQAwEAYHKoZIzj0CAQYFK4EEAAEEGzAZAgEBBBTYJsR3BN7TFw7JHcAHFkwNmfil7w==加密前: abc解密后: abc (八) 本篇的主要内容为Java证书体系的实现。 请大家在阅读本篇内容时先阅读 Java加密技术（四），预先了解RSA加密算法。 在构建Java代码实现前，我们需要完成证书的制作。 1.生成keyStroe文件 在命令行下执行以下命令： keytool -genkey -validity 36000 -alias www.zlex.org -keyalg RSA -keystore d：/zlex.keystore 其中 -genkey表示生成密钥 -validity指定证书有效期，这里是36000天 -alias指定别名，这里是www.zlex.org -keyalg指定算法，这里是RSA -keystore指定存储位置，这里是d：/zlex.keystore 在这里我使用的密码为 123456 控制台输出： Console代码 输入keystore密码： 再次输入新密码： 您的名字与姓氏是什么？ [Unknown]： www.zlex.org 您的组织单位名称是什么？ [Unknown]： zlex 您的组织名称是什么？ [Unknown]： zlex 您所在的城市或区域名称是什么？ [Unknown]： BJ 您所在的州或省份名称是什么？ [Unknown]： BJ 该单位的两字母国家代码是什么 [Unknown]： CN CN=www.zlex.org， OU=zlex， O=zlex， L=BJ， ST=BJ， C=CN 正确吗？ [否]： Y 输入的主密码 （如果和 keystore 密码相同，按回车）： 再次输入新密码： 这时，在D盘下会生成一个zlex.keystore的文件。 2.生成自签名证书 光有keyStore文件是不够的，还需要证书文件，证书才是直接提供给外界使用的公钥凭证。 导出证书： Shell代码 keytool -export -keystore d：/zlex.keystore -alias www.zlex.org -file d：/zlex.cer -rfc 其中 -export指定为导出操作 -keystore指定keystore文件 -alias指定导出keystore文件中的别名 -file指向导出路径 -rfc以文本格式输出，也就是以BASE64编码输出 这里的密码是 123456 控制台输出： Console代码 输入keystore密码： 保存在文件中的认证 当然，使用方是需要导入证书的！ 可以通过自签名证书完成CAS单点登录系统的构建！ Ok，准备工作完成，开始Java实现！ 通过java代码实现如下：Coder类见 Java加密技术（一） Java代码 import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.security.KeyStore; import java.security.PrivateKey; import java.security.PublicKey; import java.security.Signature; import java.security.cert.Certificate; import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; import java.util.Date; import javax.crypto.Cipher; /** * 证书组件 * * @author 梁栋 * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */public abstract class CertificateCoder extends Coder { /** * Java密钥库(Java Key Store，JKS)KEY_STORE */ public static final String KEY_STORE = "JKS"; public static final String X509 = "X.509"; /** * 由KeyStore获得私钥 * * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * @return * @throws Exception */ private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) throws Exception { KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password); PrivateKey key = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, password.toCharArray()); return key; } /** * 由Certificate获得公钥 * * @param certificatePath * @return * @throws Exception */ private static PublicKey getPublicKey(String certificatePath) throws Exception { Certificate certificate = getCertificate(certificatePath); PublicKey key = certificate.getPublicKey(); return key; } /** * 获得Certificate * * @param certificatePath * @return * @throws Exception */ private static Certificate getCertificate(String certificatePath) throws Exception { CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory .getInstance(X509); FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(certificatePath); Certificate certificate = certificateFactory.generateCertificate(in); in.close(); return certificate; } /** * 获得Certificate * * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * @return * @throws Exception */ private static Certificate getCertificate(String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) throws Exception { KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password); Certificate certificate = ks.getCertificate(alias); return certificate; } /** * 获得KeyStore * * @param keyStorePath * @param password * @return * @throws Exception */ private static KeyStore getKeyStore(String keyStorePath, String password) throws Exception { FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(keyStorePath); KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE); ks.load(is, password.toCharArray()); is.close(); return ks; } /** * 私钥加密 * * @param data * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) throws Exception { // 取得私钥 PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, alias, password); // 对数据加密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 私钥解密 * * @param data * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) throws Exception { // 取得私钥 PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, alias, password); // 对数据加密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 公钥加密 * * @param data * @param certificatePath * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String certificatePath) throws Exception { // 取得公钥 PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(certificatePath); // 对数据加密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 公钥解密 * * @param data * @param certificatePath * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String certificatePath) throws Exception { // 取得公钥 PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(certificatePath); // 对数据加密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 验证Certificate * * @param certificatePath * @return */ public static boolean verifyCertificate(String certificatePath) { return verifyCertificate(new Date(), certificatePath); } /** * 验证Certificate是否过期或无效 * * @param date * @param certificatePath * @return */ public static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, String certificatePath) { boolean status = true; try { // 取得证书 Certificate certificate = getCertificate(certificatePath); // 验证证书是否过期或无效 status = verifyCertificate(date, certificate); } catch (Exception e) { status = false; } return status; } /** * 验证证书是否过期或无效 * * @param date * @param certificate * @return */ private static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, Certificate certificate) { boolean status = true; try { X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) certificate; x509Certificate.checkValidity(date); } catch (Exception e) { status = false; } return status; } /** * 签名 * * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String sign(byte[] sign, String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) throws Exception { // 获得证书 X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) getCertificate( keyStorePath, alias, password); // 获取私钥 KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password); // 取得私钥 PrivateKey privateKey = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, password .toCharArray()); // 构建签名 Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(x509Certificate .getSigAlgName()); signature.initSign(privateKey); signature.update(sign); return encryptBASE64(signature.sign()); } /** * 验证签名 * * @param data * @param sign * @param certificatePath * @return * @throws Exception */ public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String sign, String certificatePath) throws Exception { // 获得证书 X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) getCertificate(certificatePath); // 获得公钥 PublicKey publicKey = x509Certificate.getPublicKey(); // 构建签名 Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(x509Certificate .getSigAlgName()); signature.initVerify(publicKey); signature.update(data); return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign)); } /** * 验证Certificate * * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * @return */ public static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) { boolean status = true; try { Certificate certificate = getCertificate(keyStorePath, alias, password); status = verifyCertificate(date, certificate); } catch (Exception e) { status = false; } return status; } /** * 验证Certificate * * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * @return */ public static boolean verifyCertificate(String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) { return verifyCertificate(new Date(), keyStorePath, alias, password); }} 再给出一个测试类： import static org.junit.Assert.*; import org.junit.Test; /** * * @author 梁栋 * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */public class CertificateCoderTest { private String password = "123456"; private String alias = "www.zlex.org"; private String certificatePath = "d:/zlex.cer"; private String keyStorePath = "d:/zlex.keystore"; @Test public void test() throws Exception { System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密"); String inputStr = "Ceritifcate"; byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes(); byte[] encrypt = CertificateCoder.encryptByPublicKey(data, certificatePath); byte[] decrypt = CertificateCoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encrypt, keyStorePath, alias, password); String outputStr = new String(decrypt); System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "/n/r" + "解密后: " + outputStr); // 验证数据一致 assertArrayEquals(data, decrypt); // 验证证书有效 assertTrue(CertificateCoder.verifyCertificate(certificatePath)); } @Test public void testSign() throws Exception { System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密"); String inputStr = "sign"; byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes(); byte[] encodedData = CertificateCoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data, keyStorePath, alias, password); byte[] decodedData = CertificateCoder.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, certificatePath); String outputStr = new String(decodedData); System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "/n/r" + "解密后: " + outputStr); assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr); System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名"); // 产生签名 String sign = CertificateCoder.sign(encodedData, keyStorePath, alias, password); System.err.println("签名:/r" + sign); // 验证签名 boolean status = CertificateCoder.verify(encodedData, sign, certificatePath); System.err.println("状态:/r" + status); assertTrue(status); }} 控制台输出： Console代码 公钥加密——私钥解密加密前: Ceritificate解密后: Ceritificate私钥加密——公钥解密加密前: sign解密后: sign私钥签名——公钥验证签名签名:pqBn5m6PJlfOjH0A6U2o2mUmBsfgyEY1NWCbiyA/I5Gc3gaVNVIdj/zkGNZRqTjhf3+J9a9z9EI76F2eWYd7punHx5oh6hfNgcKbVb52EfItl4QEN+djbXiPynn07+Lbg1NOjULnpEd6ZhLP1YwrEAuMOfvX0e7/wplxLbySaKQ=状态:true 由此完成了证书验证体系！ 同样，我们可以对代码做签名——代码签名！ 通过工具JarSigner可以完成代码签名。 这里我们对tools.jar做代码签名，命令如下： Shell代码 jarsigner -storetype jks -keystore zlex.keystore -verbose tools.jar www.zlex.org 控制台输出： Console代码 输入密钥库的口令短语： 正在更新： META-INF/WWW_ZLEX.SF 正在更新： META-INF/WWW_ZLEX.RSA 正在签名： org/zlex/security/Security.class 正在签名： org/zlex/tool/Main$1.class 正在签名： org/zlex/tool/Main$2.class 正在签名： org/zlex/tool/Main.class警告：签名者证书将在六个月内过期。 此时，我们可以对签名后的jar做验证！ 验证tools.jar，命令如下： Shell代码 jarsigner -verify -verbose -certs tools.jar 控制台输出： Console代码 402 Sat Jun 20 16:25:14 CST 2009 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF 532 Sat Jun 20 16:25:14 CST 2009 META-INF/WWW_ZLEX.SF 889 Sat Jun 20 16:25:14 CST 2009 META-INF/WWW_ZLEX.RSAsm 590 Wed Dec 10 13:03:42 CST 2008 org/zlex/security/Security.class X.509, CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN [证书将在 09-9-18 下午3:27 到期]sm 705 Tue Dec 16 18:00:56 CST 2008 org/zlex/tool/Main$1.class X.509, CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN [证书将在 09-9-18 下午3:27 到期]sm 779 Tue Dec 16 18:00:56 CST 2008 org/zlex/tool/Main$2.class X.509, CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN [证书将在 09-9-18 下午3:27 到期]sm 12672 Tue Dec 16 18:00:56 CST 2008 org/zlex/tool/Main.class X.509, CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN [证书将在 09-9-18 下午3:27 到期] s = 已验证签名 m = 在清单中列出条目 k = 在密钥库中至少找到了一个证书 i = 在身份作用域内至少找到了一个证书jar 已验证。警告：此 jar 包含签名者证书将在六个月内过期的条目。 代码签名认证的用途主要是对发布的软件做验证，支持 Sun Java .jar （Java Applet） 文件（J2SE）和 J2ME MIDlet Suite 文件。

(九) 在Java加密技术（八）中，我们模拟了一个基于RSA非对称加密网络的安全通信。现在我们深度了解一下现有的安全网络通信——SSL. 我们需要构建一个由CA机构签发的有效证书，这里我们使用上文中生成的自签名证书zlex.cer 这里，我们将证书导入到我们的密钥库。 Shell代码 keytool -import -alias www.zlex.org -file d：/zlex.cer -keystore d：/zlex.keystore 其中 -import表示导入 -alias指定别名，这里是www.zlex.org -file指定算法，这里是d：/zlex.cer -keystore指定存储位置，这里是d：/zlex.keystore 在这里我使用的密码为654321 控制台输出： Console代码 输入keystore密码：再次输入新密码:所有者:CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN签发人:CN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN序列号:4a1e48df有效期: Thu May 28 16:18:39 CST 2009 至Wed Aug 26 16:18:39 CST 2009证书指纹: MD5:19:CA:E6:36:E2:DF:AD:96:31:97:2F:A9:AD:FC:37:6A SHA1:49:88:30:59:29:45:F1:69:CA:97:A9:6D:8A:CF:08:D2:C3:D5:C0:C4 签名算法名称:SHA1withRSA 版本: 3信任这个认证？ [否]： y认证已添加至keystore中 OK，最复杂的准备工作已经完成。接下来我们将域名www.zlex.org定位到本机上。打开C：/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts文件，将www.zlex.org绑定在本机上。在文件末尾追加127.0.0.1www.zlex.org.现在通过地址栏访问http://www.zlex.org，或者通过ping命令，如果能够定位到本机，域名映射就搞定了。 现在，配置tomcat.先将zlex.keystore拷贝到tomcat的conf目录下，然后配置server.xml.将如下内容加入配置文件 Xml代码 SSLEnabled="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" clientAuth="false" keystoreFile="conf/zlex.keystore" keystorePass="123456" maxThreads="150" port="443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" scheme="https" secure="true" sslProtocol="TLS" /> 注意clientAuth="false"测试阶段，置为false，正式使用时建议使用true.现在启动tomcat，访问https://www.zlex.org/. 显然，证书未能通过认证，这个时候你可以选择安装证书（上文中的zlex.cer文件就是证书），作为受信任的根证书颁发机构导入，再次重启浏览器（IE，其他浏览器对于域名www.zlex.org不支持本地方式访问），访问https://www.zlex.org/，你会看到地址栏中会有个小锁，就说明安装成功。所有的浏览器联网操作已经在RSA加密解密系统的保护之下了。但似乎我们感受不到。 这个时候很多人开始怀疑，如果我们要手工做一个这样的https的访问是不是需要把浏览器的这些个功能都实现呢？不需要！接着上篇内容，给出如下代码实现： Java代码 import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.security.KeyStore; import java.security.PrivateKey; import java.security.PublicKey; import java.security.Signature; import java.security.cert.Certificate; import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; import java.util.Date; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection; import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory; /** * 证书组件 * * @author 梁栋 * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */public abstract class CertificateCoder extends Coder { /** * Java密钥库(Java Key Store，JKS)KEY_STORE */ public static final String KEY_STORE = "JKS"; public static final String X509 = "X.509"; public static final String SunX509 = "SunX509"; public static final String SSL = "SSL"; /** * 由KeyStore获得私钥 * * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * @return * @throws Exception */ private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) throws Exception { KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password); PrivateKey key = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, password.toCharArray()); return key; } /** * 由Certificate获得公钥 * * @param certificatePath * @return * @throws Exception */ private static PublicKey getPublicKey(String certificatePath) throws Exception { Certificate certificate = getCertificate(certificatePath); PublicKey key = certificate.getPublicKey(); return key; } /** * 获得Certificate * * @param certificatePath * @return * @throws Exception */ private static Certificate getCertificate(String certificatePath) throws Exception { CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory .getInstance(X509); FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(certificatePath); Certificate certificate = certificateFactory.generateCertificate(in); in.close(); return certificate; } /** * 获得Certificate * * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * @return * @throws Exception */ private static Certificate getCertificate(String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) throws Exception { KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password); Certificate certificate = ks.getCertificate(alias); return certificate; } /** * 获得KeyStore * * @param keyStorePath * @param password * @return * @throws Exception */ private static KeyStore getKeyStore(String keyStorePath, String password) throws Exception { FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(keyStorePath); KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE); ks.load(is, password.toCharArray()); is.close(); return ks; } /** * 私钥加密 * * @param data * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) throws Exception { // 取得私钥 PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, alias, password); // 对数据加密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 私钥解密 * * @param data * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) throws Exception { // 取得私钥 PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, alias, password); // 对数据加密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 公钥加密 * * @param data * @param certificatePath * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String certificatePath) throws Exception { // 取得公钥 PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(certificatePath); // 对数据加密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 公钥解密 * * @param data * @param certificatePath * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String certificatePath) throws Exception { // 取得公钥 PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(certificatePath); // 对数据加密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 验证Certificate * * @param certificatePath * @return */ public static boolean verifyCertificate(String certificatePath) { return verifyCertificate(new Date(), certificatePath); } /** * 验证Certificate是否过期或无效 * * @param date * @param certificatePath * @return */ public static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, String certificatePath) { boolean status = true; try { // 取得证书 Certificate certificate = getCertificate(certificatePath); // 验证证书是否过期或无效 status = verifyCertificate(date, certificate); } catch (Exception e) { status = false; } return status; } /** * 验证证书是否过期或无效 * * @param date * @param certificate * @return */ private static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, Certificate certificate) { boolean status = true; try { X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) certificate; x509Certificate.checkValidity(date); } catch (Exception e) { status = false; } return status; } /** * 签名 * * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String sign(byte[] sign, String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) throws Exception { // 获得证书 X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) getCertificate( keyStorePath, alias, password); // 获取私钥 KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password); // 取得私钥 PrivateKey privateKey = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias, password .toCharArray()); // 构建签名 Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(x509Certificate .getSigAlgName()); signature.initSign(privateKey); signature.update(sign); return encryptBASE64(signature.sign()); } /** * 验证签名 * * @param data * @param sign * @param certificatePath * @return * @throws Exception */ public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String sign, String certificatePath) throws Exception { // 获得证书 X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) getCertificate(certificatePath); // 获得公钥 PublicKey publicKey = x509Certificate.getPublicKey(); // 构建签名 Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(x509Certificate .getSigAlgName()); signature.initVerify(publicKey); signature.update(data); return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign)); } /** * 验证Certificate * * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * @return */ public static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) { boolean status = true; try { Certificate certificate = getCertificate(keyStorePath, alias, password); status = verifyCertificate(date, certificate); } catch (Exception e) { status = false; } return status; } /** * 验证Certificate * * @param keyStorePath * @param alias * @param password * @return */ public static boolean verifyCertificate(String keyStorePath, String alias, String password) { return verifyCertificate(new Date(), keyStorePath, alias, password); } /** * 获得SSLSocektFactory * * @param password * 密码 * @param keyStorePath * 密钥库路径 * * @param trustKeyStorePath * 信任库路径 * @return * @throws Exception */ private static SSLSocketFactory getSSLSocketFactory(String password, String keyStorePath, String trustKeyStorePath) throws Exception { // 初始化密钥库 KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory .getInstance(SunX509); KeyStore keyStore = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, password); keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, password.toCharArray()); // 初始化信任库 TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory .getInstance(SunX509); KeyStore trustkeyStore = getKeyStore(trustKeyStorePath, password); trustManagerFactory.init(trustkeyStore); // 初始化SSL上下文 SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance(SSL); ctx.init(keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers(), trustManagerFactory .getTrustManagers(), null); SSLSocketFactory sf = ctx.getSocketFactory(); return sf; } /** * 为HttpsURLConnection配置SSLSocketFactory * * @param conn * HttpsURLConnection * @param password * 密码 * @param keyStorePath * 密钥库路径 * * @param trustKeyStorePath * 信任库路径 * @throws Exception */ public static void configSSLSocketFactory(HttpsURLConnection conn, String password, String keyStorePath, String trustKeyStorePath) throws Exception { conn.setSSLSocketFactory(getSSLSocketFactory(password, keyStorePath, trustKeyStorePath)); }} 增加了configSSLSocketFactory方法供外界调用，该方法为HttpsURLConnection配置了SSLSocketFactory.当HttpsURLConnection配置了SSLSocketFactory后，我们就可以通过HttpsURLConnection的getInputStream、getOutputStream，像往常使用HttpURLConnection做操作了。尤其要说明一点，未配置SSLSocketFactory前，HttpsURLConnection的getContentLength（）获得值永远都是-1.给出相应测试类： Java代码 import static org.junit.Assert.*; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.URL; import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection; import org.junit.Test; /** * * @author 梁栋 * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */public class CertificateCoderTest { private String password = "123456"; private String alias = "www.zlex.org"; private String certificatePath = "d:/zlex.cer"; private String keyStorePath = "d:/zlex.keystore"; private String clientKeyStorePath = "d:/zlex-client.keystore"; private String clientPassword = "654321"; @Test public void test() throws Exception { System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密"); String inputStr = "Ceritifcate"; byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes(); byte[] encrypt = CertificateCoder.encryptByPublicKey(data, certificatePath); byte[] decrypt = CertificateCoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encrypt, keyStorePath, alias, password); String outputStr = new String(decrypt); System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "/n/r" + "解密后: " + outputStr); // 验证数据一致 assertArrayEquals(data, decrypt); // 验证证书有效 assertTrue(CertificateCoder.verifyCertificate(certificatePath)); } @Test public void testSign() throws Exception { System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密"); String inputStr = "sign"; byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes(); byte[] encodedData = CertificateCoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data, keyStorePath, alias, password); byte[] decodedData = CertificateCoder.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, certificatePath); String outputStr = new String(decodedData); System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "/n/r" + "解密后: " + outputStr); assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr); System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名"); // 产生签名 String sign = CertificateCoder.sign(encodedData, keyStorePath, alias, password); System.err.println("签名:/r" + sign); // 验证签名 boolean status = CertificateCoder.verify(encodedData, sign, certificatePath); System.err.println("状态:/r" + status); assertTrue(status); } @Test public void testHttps() throws Exception { URL url = new URL("https://www.zlex.org/examples/"); HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection(); conn.setDoInput(true); conn.setDoOutput(true); CertificateCoder.configSSLSocketFactory(conn, clientPassword, clientKeyStorePath, clientKeyStorePath); InputStream is = conn.getInputStream(); int length = conn.getContentLength(); DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(is); byte[] data = new byte[length]; dis.readFully(data); dis.close(); System.err.println(new String(data)); conn.disconnect(); }} 注意testHttps方法，几乎和我们往常做HTTP访问没有差别，我们来看控制台输出： Console代码

Apache Tomcat Examples

Servlets examplesJSP Examples

通过浏览器直接访问https://www.zlex.org/examples/你也会获得上述内容。也就是说应用甲方作为服务器构建tomcat服务，乙方可以通过上述方式访问甲方受保护的SSL应用，并且不需要考虑具体的加密解密问题。甲乙双方可以经过相应配置，通过双方的tomcat配置有效的SSL服务，简化上述代码实现，完全通过证书配置完成SSL双向认证！(十) 在Java 加密技术（九）中，我们使用自签名证书完成了认证。接下来，我们使用第三方CA签名机构完成证书签名。 这里我们使用thawte提供的测试用21天免费ca证书。 1.要在该网站上注明你的域名，这里使用www.zlex.org作为测试用域名（请勿使用该域名作为你的域名地址，该域名受法律保护！请使用其他非注册域名！）。 2.如果域名有效，你会收到邮件要求你访问https://www.thawte.com/cgi/server/try.exe获得ca证书。 3.复述密钥库的创建。 Shell代码 keytool -genkey -validity 36000 -alias www.zlex.org -keyalg RSA -keystore d：/zlex.keystore 在这里我使用的密码为 123456 控制台输出： Console代码 输入keystore密码：再次输入新密码:您的名字与姓氏是什么？ [Unknown]： www.zlex.org您的组织单位名称是什么？ [Unknown]： zlex您的组织名称是什么？ [Unknown]： zlex您所在的城市或区域名称是什么？ [Unknown]： BJ您所在的州或省份名称是什么？ [Unknown]： BJ该单位的两字母国家代码是什么 [Unknown]： CNCN=www.zlex.org, OU=zlex, O=zlex, L=BJ, ST=BJ, C=CN 正确吗？ [否]： Y输入的主密码 （如果和 keystore 密码相同，按回车）：再次输入新密码: 4.通过如下命令，从zlex.keystore中导出CA证书申请。 Shell代码 keytool -certreq -alias www.zlex.org -file d：/zlex.csr -keystore d：/zlex.keystore -v 你会获得zlex.csr文件，可以用记事本打开，内容如下格式： Text代码 —–BEGIN NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST—–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—–END NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST—–5.将上述文件内容拷贝到https://www.thawte.com/cgi/server/try.exe中，点击next，获得回应内容，这里是p7b格式。 内容如下：Text代码 —–BEGIN PKCS7—–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—–END PKCS7—– 将其存储为zlex.p7b 6.将由CA签发的证书导入密钥库。 Shell代码 keytool -import -trustcacerts -alias www.zlex.org -file d:/zlex.p7b -keystore d:/zlex.keystore -v 在这里我使用的密码为 123456 控制台输出： Console代码 输入keystore密码：回复中的最高级认证：所有者:CN=Thawte Test CA Root, OU=TEST TEST TEST, O=Thawte Certification, ST=FOR TESTING PURPOSES ONLY, C=ZA签发人:CN=Thawte Test CA Root, OU=TEST TEST TEST, O=Thawte Certification, ST=FOR TESTING PURPOSES ONLY, C=ZA序列号:0有效期: Thu Aug 01 08:00:00 CST 1996 至Fri Jan 01 05:59:59 CST 2021证书指纹: MD5:5E:E0:0E:1D:17:B7:CA:A5:7D:36:D6:02:DF:4D:26:A4 SHA1:39:C6:9D:27:AF:DC:EB:47:D6:33:36:6A:B2:05:F1:47:A9:B4:DA:EA 签名算法名称:MD5withRSA 版本: 3扩展:#1: ObjectId: 2.5.29.19 Criticality=trueBasicConstraints:[ CA:true PathLen:2147483647]… 是不可信的。 还是要安装回复？ [否]： Y认证回复已安装在 keystore中[正在存储 d:/zlex.keystore] 7.域名定位将域名www.zlex.org定位到本机上。打开C：/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts文件，将www.zlex.org绑定在本机上。在文件末尾追加127.0.0.1www.zlex.org.现在通过地址栏访问http://www.zlex.org，或者通过ping命令，如果能够定位到本机，域名映射就搞定了。 8.配置server.xml Xml代码 keystoreFile="conf/zlex.keystore" keystorePass="123456" truststoreFile="conf/zlex.keystore" truststorePass="123456" SSLEnabled="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" clientAuth="false" maxThreads="150" port="443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" scheme="https" secure="true" sslProtocol="TLS" /> 将文件zlex.keystore拷贝到tomcat的conf目录下，重新启动tomcat.访问https://www.zlex.org/，我们发现联网有些迟钝。大约5秒钟后，网页正常显示，同时有如下图所示： 浏览器验证了该CA机构的有效性。调整测试类： Java代码 import static org.junit.Assert.*; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.URL; import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection; import org.junit.Test; /** * * @author 梁栋 * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */public class CertificateCoderTest { private String password = "123456"; private String alias = "www.zlex.org"; private String certificatePath = "d:/zlex.cer"; private String keyStorePath = "d:/zlex.keystore"; @Test public void test() throws Exception { System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密"); String inputStr = "Ceritifcate"; byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes(); byte[] encrypt = CertificateCoder.encryptByPublicKey(data, certificatePath); byte[] decrypt = CertificateCoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encrypt, keyStorePath, alias, password); String outputStr = new String(decrypt); System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "/n/r" + "解密后: " + outputStr); // 验证数据一致 assertArrayEquals(data, decrypt); // 验证证书有效 assertTrue(CertificateCoder.verifyCertificate(certificatePath)); } @Test public void testSign() throws Exception { System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密"); String inputStr = "sign"; byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes(); byte[] encodedData = CertificateCoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data, keyStorePath, alias, password); byte[] decodedData = CertificateCoder.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, certificatePath); String outputStr = new String(decodedData); System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "/n/r" + "解密后: " + outputStr); assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr); System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名"); // 产生签名 String sign = CertificateCoder.sign(encodedData, keyStorePath, alias, password); System.err.println("签名:/r" + sign); // 验证签名 boolean status = CertificateCoder.verify(encodedData, sign, certificatePath); System.err.println("状态:/r" + status); assertTrue(status); } @Test public void testHttps() throws Exception { URL url = new URL("https://www.zlex.org/examples/"); HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection(); conn.setDoInput(true); conn.setDoOutput(true); CertificateCoder.configSSLSocketFactory(conn, password, keyStorePath, keyStorePath); InputStream is = conn.getInputStream(); int length = conn.getContentLength(); DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(is); byte[] data = new byte[length]; dis.readFully(data); dis.close(); conn.disconnect(); System.err.println(new String(data)); }}

再次执行，验证通过！ 由此，我们了基于SSL协议的认证过程。测试类的testHttps方法模拟了一次浏览器的HTTPS访问。（完） 打开证书，如下图所示：看看花儿冲破北疆漫漫寒冬，妖娆绽放;

漫谈Java加密技术 六至十

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