观察器(Observer)的用法以及其他

  1 Observable类用于跟踪那些当发生一个改变时希望收到通知的所有个体——无论“状态”是否改变。如果有人说“好了,所有人都要检查自己,并可能要进行更新”,那么Observable类会执行这个任务——为列表中的每个“人”都调用notifyObservers()方法。notifyObservers()方法属于基础类Observable的一部分。

  2 Observable对象会自动调用每个Observer对象的update()方法。

  3 为真正产生效果,必须从Observable继承,并在衍生类代码的某个地方调用setChanged()。这个方法需要设置“changed”(已改变)标志,它意味着当调用notifyObservers()的时候,所有观察器事实上都会收到通知。

  4 通过notifyObservers()和update()中的代码的结合,可以应付一些非常复杂的局面。

  view plaincopy to clipboardprint? import java.awt.*;

  import java.awt.event.*;

  import java.util.*;

  // You must inherit a new type of Observable:

  class BoxObservable extends Observable {

  public void notifyObservers(Object b) {

  // Otherwise it won’t propagate changes:

  setChanged();

  super.notifyObservers(b);

  }

  }

  public class BoxObserver extends Frame {

  Observable notifier = new BoxObservable();

  public BoxObserver(int grid) {

  setTitle(“Demonstrates Observer pattern”);

  setLayout(new GridLayout(grid, grid));

  for(int x = 0; x < grid; x++)

  for(int y = 0; y < grid; y++)

  add(new OCBox(x, y, notifier));

  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {

  int grid = 8;

  if(args.length > 0)

  grid = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);

  Frame f = new BoxObserver(grid);

  f.setSize(500, 400);

  f.setVisible(true);

  f.addWindowListener(

  new WindowAdapter() {

  public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {

  System.exit(0);

  }

  });

  }

  }

  class OCBox extends Canvas implements Observer {

  Observable notifier;

  int x, y; // Locations in grid

  Color cColor = newColor();

  static final Color[] colors = {

  Color.black, Color.blue, Color.cyan,

  Color.darkGray, Color.gray, Color.green,

  Color.lightGray, Color.magenta,

  Color.orange, Color.pink, Color.red,

  Color.white, Color.yellow

  };

  static final Color newColor() {

  return colors[

  (int)(Math.random() * colors.length)

  ];

  }

  OCBox(int x, int y, Observable notifier) {

  this.x = x;

  this.y = y;

  notifier.addObserver(this);

  this.notifier = notifier;

  addMouseListener(new ML());

  }

  public void paint(Graphics g) {

  g.setColor(cColor);

  Dimension s = getSize();

  g.fillRect(0, 0, s.width, s.height);

  }

  class ML extends MouseAdapter {

  public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {

  notifier.notifyObservers(OCBox.this);

  }

  }

  public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {

  OCBox clicked = (OCBox)arg;

  if(nextTo(clicked)) {

  cColor = clicked.cColor;

  repaint();

  }

  }

  private final boolean nextTo(OCBox b) {

  return Math.abs(x – b.x) <= 1 &&

  Math.abs(y – b.y) <= 1;

  }

  }

  import java.awt.*;

  import java.awt.event.*;

  import java.util.*;

  // You must inherit a new type of Observable:

  class BoxObservable extends Observable {

  public void notifyObservers(Object b) {

  // Otherwise it won’t propagate changes:

  setChanged();

  super.notifyObservers(b);

  }

  }

  public class BoxObserver extends Frame {

  Observable notifier = new BoxObservable();

  public BoxObserver(int grid) {

  setTitle(“Demonstrates Observer pattern”);

  setLayout(new GridLayout(grid, grid));

  for(int x = 0; x < grid; x++)

  for(int y = 0; y < grid; y++)

  add(new OCBox(x, y, notifier));

  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {

  int grid = 8;

  if(args.length > 0)

  grid = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);

  Frame f = new BoxObserver(grid);

  f.setSize(500, 400);

  f.setVisible(true);

  f.addWindowListener(

  new WindowAdapter() {

  public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {

  System.exit(0);

  }

  });

  }

  }

  class OCBox extends Canvas implements Observer {

  Observable notifier;

  int x, y; // Locations in grid

  Color cColor = newColor();

  static final Color[] colors = {

  Color.black, Color.blue, Color.cyan,

  Color.darkGray, Color.gray, Color.green,

  Color.lightGray, Color.magenta,

  Color.orange, Color.pink, Color.red,

  Color.white, Color.yellow

  };

  static final Color newColor() {

  return colors[

  (int)(Math.random() * colors.length)

  ];

  }

  OCBox(int x, int y, Observable notifier) {

  this.x = x;

  this.y = y;

  notifier.addObserver(this);

  this.notifier = notifier;

  addMouseListener(new ML());

  }

  public void paint(Graphics g) {

  g.setColor(cColor);

  Dimension s = getSize();

  g.fillRect(0, 0, s.width, s.height);

  }

  class ML extends MouseAdapter {

  public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {

  notifier.notifyObservers(OCBox.this);

  }

  }

  public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {

  OCBox clicked = (OCBox)arg;

  if(nextTo(clicked)) {

  cColor = clicked.cColor;

  repaint();

  }

  }

  private final boolean nextTo(OCBox b) {

  return Math.abs(x – b.x) <= 1 &&

  Math.abs(y – b.y) <= 1;

  }

  }

  原文地址: _l

最重要的是今天的心。

观察器(Observer)的用法以及其他

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