读取.properties和占位符${…}替换源码的方法介绍

本篇文章主要介绍了.properties文件读取及占位符${…}替换源码解析的相关知识,具有很好的参考价值。下面跟着小编一起来看下吧

前言

我们在开发中常遇到一种场景,Bean里面有一些参数是比较固定的,这种时候通常会采用配置的方式,将这些参数配置在.properties文件中,然后在Bean实例化的时候通过Spring将这些.properties文件中配置的参数使用占位符"${}"替换的方式读入并设置到Bean的相应参数中。

这种做法最典型的就是JDBC的配置,本文就来研究一下.properties文件读取及占位符"${}"替换的源码,首先从代码入手,定义一个DataSource,模拟一下JDBC四个参数:

public class DataSource {  /**   * 驱动类   */  private String driveClass;  /**   * jdbc地址   */  private String url;  /**   * 用户名   */  private String userName;  /**   * 密码   */  private String password;  public String getDriveClass() {    return driveClass;  }  public void setDriveClass(String driveClass) {    this.driveClass = driveClass;  }  public String getUrl() {    return url;  }  public void setUrl(String url) {    this.url = url;  }  public String getUserName() {    return userName;  }  public void setUserName(String userName) {    this.userName = userName;  }  public String getPassword() {    return password;  }  public void setPassword(String password) {    this.password = password;  }  @Override  public String toString() {    return "DataSource [driveClass=" + driveClass + ", url=" + url + ", userName=" + userName + ", password=" + password + "]";  }}

定义一个db.properties文件:

 driveClass=0 url=1 userName=2 password=3

定义一个properties.xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">  <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">    <property name="location" value="properties/db.properties"></property>  </bean>   <bean id="dataSource" class="org.xrq.spring.action.properties.DataSource">    <property name="driveClass" value="${driveClass}" />    <property name="url" value="${url}" />    <property name="userName" value="${userName}" />    <property name="password" value="${password}" />  </bean></beans>

写一段测试代码:

public class TestProperties {  @Test  public void testProperties() {    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/properties.xml");    DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)ac.getBean("dataSource");    System.out.println(dataSource);  }}

运行结果就不贴了,很明显,下面就来分析一下Spring是如何将properties文件中的属性读入并替换"${}"占位符的。

PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer类解析

在properties.xml文件中我们看到了一个类PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,顾名思义它就是一个属性占位符配置器,看一下这个类的继承关系图:

看到从这张图上,我们能分析出来的最重要的一点就是PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer是BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口的实现类,想见Spring上下文必然是在Bean定义全部加载完毕后且Bean实例化之前通过postProcessBeanFactory方法一次性地替换了占位符"${}"。

.properties文件读取源码解析

下面来看一下postProcessBeanFactory方法实现:

public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {  try {    Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties();    // Convert the merged properties, if necessary.    convertProperties(mergedProps);    // Let the subclass process the properties.    processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);  }  catch (IOException ex) {    throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);  }}

跟一下第3行的mergeProperties方法:

protected Properties mergeProperties() throws IOException {  Properties result = new Properties();  if (this.localOverride) {    // Load properties from file upfront, to let local properties override.    loadProperties(result);  }  if (this.localProperties != null) {    for (Properties localProp : this.localProperties) {      CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(localProp, result);    }  }  if (!this.localOverride) {    // Load properties from file afterwards, to let those properties override.    loadProperties(result);  }  return result;}

第2行的方法new出一个Properties,名为result,这个result会随着之后的代码传入,.properties文件中的数据会写入result中。

OK,接着看,代码进入第17行的方法,通过文件加载.properties文件:

protected void loadProperties(Properties props) throws IOException {  if (this.locations != null) {    for (Resource location : this.locations) {      if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {        logger.info("Loading properties file from " + location);      }      InputStream is = null;      try {        is = location.getInputStream();        String filename = null;        try {          filename = location.getFilename();        } catch (IllegalStateException ex) {          // resource is not file-based. See SPR-7552.        }        if (filename != null && filename.endsWith(XML_FILE_EXTENSION)) {          this.propertiesPersister.loadFromXml(props, is);        }        else {          if (this.fileEncoding != null) {            this.propertiesPersister.load(props, new InputStreamReader(is, this.fileEncoding));          }          else {            this.propertiesPersister.load(props, is);          }        }      }      catch (IOException ex) {        if (this.ignoreResourceNotFound) {          if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {            logger.warn("Could not load properties from " + location + ": " + ex.getMessage());          }        }        else {          throw ex;        }      }      finally {        if (is != null) {          is.close();        }      }    }  }}

第9行,PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer的配置可以传入路径列表(当然这里只传了一个db.properties),第3行遍历列表,第9行通过一个输入字节流InputStream获取.properties对应的二进制数据,然后第23行的代码将InputStream中的二进制解析,写入第一个参数Properties中,Properties是JDK原生的读取.properties文件的工具。

就这样一个简单的流程,将.properties中的数据进行了解析,并写入result中(result是mergeProperties方法中new出的一个Properties)。

占位符"${…}"替换源码解析

上面看了.properties文件读取流程,接着就应当替换"${}"占位符了,还是回到postProcessBeanFactory方法:

public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {  try {    Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties();    // Convert the merged properties, if necessary.    convertProperties(mergedProps);    // Let the subclass process the properties.    processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);  }  catch (IOException ex) {    throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);  }}

第3行合并了.properties文件(之所以叫做合并是因为多个.properties文件中可能有相同的Key)。

第6行在必要的情况下对合并的Properties进行转换,没看出有什么用。

第9行就开始替换占位符"${…}"了,要事先声明一点:BeanFactoryPostProcessor类的postProcessBeanFactory方法调用是在Bean定义解析之后,因此当前的beanFactory参数中已经有了所有的Bean定义,如果熟悉Bean解析流程的朋友对这一点应该很清楚。跟一下第9行的processProperties方法:

protected void processProperties(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactoryToProcess, Properties props)    throws BeansException {  StringValueResolver valueResolver = new PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver(props);  BeanDefinitionVisitor visitor = new BeanDefinitionVisitor(valueResolver);  String[] beanNames = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinitionNames();  for (String curName : beanNames) {    // Check that we're not parsing our own bean definition,    // to avoid failing on unresolvable placeholders in properties file locations.    if (!(curName.equals(this.beanName) && beanFactoryToProcess.equals(this.beanFactory))) {      BeanDefinition bd = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinition(curName);      try {        visitor.visitBeanDefinition(bd);      }      catch (Exception ex) {        throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(bd.getResourceDescription(), curName, ex.getMessage());      }    }  }  // New in Spring 2.5: resolve placeholders in alias target names and aliases as well.  beanFactoryToProcess.resolveAliases(valueResolver);  // New in Spring 3.0: resolve placeholders in embedded values such as annotation attributes.  beanFactoryToProcess.addEmbeddedValueResolver(valueResolver);}

第4行new出一个PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver,传入Properties,顾名思义这是一个持有.properties文件配置的字符串值解析器。

第5行BeanDefinitionVistor,传入上面的StringValueResolver,顾名思义这是一个Bean定义访问工具,持有字符串值解析器,想见可以通过BeanDefinitionVistor访问Bean定义,在遇到需要解析的字符串的时候使用构造函数传入的StringValueResolver解析字符串。

第7行通过BeanFactory获取所有Bean定义的名称。

第8行开始遍历所有Bean定义的名称,注意第11行的第一个判断"!(curName.equals(this.beanName)" ,this.beanName指的是PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,意为PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer本身不会去解析占位符"${…}"。

着重跟14行的代码,BeanDefinitionVistor的visitBeanDefinition方法,传入BeanDefinition:

public void visitBeanDefinition(BeanDefinition beanDefinition) {  visitParentName(beanDefinition);  visitBeanClassName(beanDefinition);  visitFactoryBeanName(beanDefinition);  visitFactoryMethodName(beanDefinition);  visitScope(beanDefinition);  visitPropertyValues(beanDefinition.getPropertyValues());  ConstructorArgumentValues cas = beanDefinition.getConstructorArgumentValues();  visitIndexedArgumentValues(cas.getIndexedArgumentValues());  visitGenericArgumentValues(cas.getGenericArgumentValues());}

看到这个方法轮番访问<bean>定义中的parent、class、factory-bean、factory-method、scope、property、constructor-arg属性,但凡遇到需要"${…}"就进行解析。我们这里解析的是property标签中的"${…}",因此跟一下第7行的代码:

protected void visitPropertyValues(MutablePropertyValues pvs) {  PropertyValue[] pvArray = pvs.getPropertyValues();  for (PropertyValue pv : pvArray) {    Object newVal = resolveValue(pv.getValue());    if (!ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(newVal, pv.getValue())) {      pvs.add(pv.getName(), newVal);    }  }}

获取属性数组进行遍历,第4行的代码对属性值进行解析获取新属性值,第5行判断新属性值与原属性值不等,第6行的代码用新属性值替换原属性值。因此跟一下第4行的resolveValue方法:

protected Object resolveValue(Object value) {  if (value instanceof BeanDefinition) {    visitBeanDefinition((BeanDefinition) value);  }  else if (value instanceof BeanDefinitionHolder) {    visitBeanDefinition(((BeanDefinitionHolder) value).getBeanDefinition());  }  else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanReference) {    RuntimeBeanReference ref = (RuntimeBeanReference) value;    String newBeanName = resolveStringValue(ref.getBeanName());    if (!newBeanName.equals(ref.getBeanName())) {      return new RuntimeBeanReference(newBeanName);    }  }  else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanNameReference) {    RuntimeBeanNameReference ref = (RuntimeBeanNameReference) value;    String newBeanName = resolveStringValue(ref.getBeanName());    if (!newBeanName.equals(ref.getBeanName())) {      return new RuntimeBeanNameReference(newBeanName);    }  }  else if (value instanceof Object[]) {    visitArray((Object[]) value);  }  else if (value instanceof List) {    visitList((List) value);  }  else if (value instanceof Set) {    visitSet((Set) value);  }  else if (value instanceof Map) {    visitMap((Map) value);  }  else if (value instanceof TypedStringValue) {    TypedStringValue typedStringValue = (TypedStringValue) value;    String stringValue = typedStringValue.getValue();    if (stringValue != null) {      String visitedString = resolveStringValue(stringValue);      typedStringValue.setValue(visitedString);    }  }  else if (value instanceof String) {    return resolveStringValue((String) value);  }  return value;}

这里主要对value类型做一个判断,我们配置文件里面配置的是字符串,因此就看字符串相关代码,即34行的判断进去,其余的差不多,可以自己看一下源码是怎么做的。第35~第36行的代码就是获取属性值,第38行的代码resolveStringValue方法解析字符串:

protected String resolveStringValue(String strVal) {  if (this.valueResolver == null) {    throw new IllegalStateException("No StringValueResolver specified - pass a resolver " +        "object into the constructor or override the 'resolveStringValue' method");  }  String resolvedValue = this.valueResolver.resolveStringValue(strVal);  // Return original String if not modified.  return (strVal.equals(resolvedValue) ? strVal : resolvedValue);}

继续跟第6行的方法,valueResolver前面说过了,是传入的一个PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver,看一下resolveStringValue方法实现:

 public String resolveStringValue(String strVal) throws BeansException {   String value = this.helper.replacePlaceholders(strVal, this.resolver);   return (value.equals(nullValue) ? null : value); }

第2行的replacePlaceholders方法顾名思义,替换占位符,它位于PropertyPlaceholderHelper类中,跟一下这个方法:

 public String replacePlaceholders(String value, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver) {   Assert.notNull(value, "Argument 'value' must not be null.");   return parseStringValue(value, placeholderResolver, new HashSet<String>());}

继续跟第3行的parseStringValue方法,即追踪到了替换占位符的核心代码中:

protected String parseStringValue(    String strVal, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver, Set<String> visitedPlaceholders) {  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(strVal);  int startIndex = strVal.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix);  while (startIndex != -1) {    int endIndex = findPlaceholderEndIndex(buf, startIndex);    if (endIndex != -1) {      String placeholder = buf.substring(startIndex + this.placeholderPrefix.length(), endIndex);      if (!visitedPlaceholders.add(placeholder)) {        throw new IllegalArgumentException(            "Circular placeholder reference '" + placeholder + "' in property definitions");      }      // Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the placeholder key.      placeholder = parseStringValue(placeholder, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders);      // Now obtain the value for the fully resolved key...      String propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(placeholder);      if (propVal == null && this.valueSeparator != null) {        int separatorIndex = placeholder.indexOf(this.valueSeparator);        if (separatorIndex != -1) {          String actualPlaceholder = placeholder.substring(0, separatorIndex);          String defaultValue = placeholder.substring(separatorIndex + this.valueSeparator.length());          propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(actualPlaceholder);          if (propVal == null) {            propVal = defaultValue;          }        }      }      if (propVal != null) {        // Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the        // previously resolved placeholder value.        propVal = parseStringValue(propVal, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders);        buf.replace(startIndex, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length(), propVal);        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {          logger.trace("Resolved placeholder '" + placeholder + "'");        }        startIndex = buf.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, startIndex + propVal.length());      }      else if (this.ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders) {        // Proceed with unprocessed value.        startIndex = buf.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length());      }      else {        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not resolve placeholder '" + placeholder + "'");      }      visitedPlaceholders.remove(placeholder);    }    else {      startIndex = -1;    }  }  return buf.toString();}

过一下此流程:

    获取占位符前缀"${"的位置索引startIndex

    占位符前缀"${"存在,从"${"后面开始获取占位符后缀"}"的位置索引endIndex

    如果占位符前缀位置索引startIndex与占位符后缀的位置索引endIndex都存在,截取中间的部分placeHolder

    从Properties中获取placeHolder对应的值propVal

    如果propVal不存在,尝试对placeHolder使用":"进行一次分割,如果分割出来有结果,那么前面一部分命名为actualPlaceholder,后面一部分命名为defaultValue,尝试从Properties中获取actualPlaceholder对应的value,如果存在则取此value,如果不存在则取defaultValue,最终赋值给propVal

    返回propVal,就是替换之后的值

流程很长,通过这样一整个的流程,将占位符"${…}"中的内容替换为了我们需要的值。

对于旅行,从来都记忆模糊。记不得都去了哪些地方,

读取.properties和占位符${…}替换源码的方法介绍

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