一般在使用netty时,数据传输的时候都会选择对传输的数据进行编解码,编码后的数据变小, 有利于在有限的带宽下传输更多的数据。
由于java本身序列化的缺点较多(无法跨语言,序列化后的码流太大,序列化的性能太低等),业界主流的编解码框架主要有如下三个:
- Google的Protobuf Facebook的Thrift JBoss的Marshalling
今天我们简单介绍一下Netty结合google的Protobuf框架进行数据的编解码。
1. 什么是Protobuf?
Protobuf全称是Google Protocol Buffers, 它是谷歌公司开源的一个序列化框架。
它将数据结构以.proto文件进行描述,通过代码生成工具可以生成对应数据结构的POJO对象和Protobuf相关的方法和属性。
它的特点如下:
- 结构化数据存储格式 高效的编解码性能 语言无关、平台无关、扩展性好 官方支持多个语言(java,c++,python,c#等)
2. 下载安装
Protobuf已经托管在github上,可以在release页面下载,本案例使用的是v3.6(要下载后缀为-win32.zip的)。
下载后,将压缩包进行解压。这里主要用到bin目录下的protoc.exe。
3. 定义好proto文件
SubscribeReq.proto
// 区分不同的protobuf版本,必须有syntax = "proto2"; package netty;// 生成的目标类的包路径option java_package = "cn.ddlover.nettystudy.protobuf";// 生成的目标类的名字option java_outer_classname = "SubscribeReqProto"; message SubscribeReq{ required int32 subReqID = 1; required string userName = 2; required string productName = 3; repeated string address = 4;}
SubscribeResp.proto
syntax = "proto2";package netty; option java_package = "cn.ddlover.nettystudy.protobuf";option java_outer_classname = "SubscribeRespProto"; message SubscribeResp{ required int32 subReqID = 1; required int32 respCode = 2; required string desc = 3;}
此时项目结构如下
重点关注一下两个proto文件的位置,是位于项目的根路径下
4. 分别执行以下命令
D:\xhb\protoc-3.6.1-win32\bin\protoc.exe –java_out=.\src\main\java SubscribeResp.proto
D:\xhb\protoc-3.6.1-win32\bin\protoc.exe –java_out=.\src\main\java SubscribeReq.proto
这里需要把protoc.exe的位置换成自己的, –java_out命令设置的是proto文件中java_package指令的父目录。
5. 此时项目结构如下
下面开始代码方面的开发,
1. 先贴一波maven的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>cn.ddlover</groupId> <artifactId>nettystudy</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.netty/netty-all --> <dependency> <groupId>io.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> <version>4.1.33.Final</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.protobuf/protobuf-java --> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId> <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId> <version>3.6.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.4</version> </dependency> </dependencies></project>
2. 这里贴上完整代码的项目结构
3.SubReqServer.java
import cn.ddlover.nettystudy.handler.SubReqServerHandler;import cn.ddlover.nettystudy.protobuf.SubscribeReqProto;import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufEncoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender;import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler; /** * Protobuf版本图书订购代码 */public class SubReqServer { private static final int PORT = 8080; public static void main(String[] args) { bind(PORT); } private static void bind(int port) { EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); try { b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception { // 半包处理 socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder()); socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufDecoder(SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq.getDefaultInstance())); socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender()); socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufEncoder()); socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new SubReqServerHandler()); } }); ChannelFuture future = b.bind(port).sync(); future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } }}
4.SubReqServerHandler.java
import cn.ddlover.nettystudy.protobuf.SubscribeReqProto;import cn.ddlover.nettystudy.protobuf.SubscribeRespProto;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; public class SubReqServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq req = (SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq)msg; if ("张三".equals(req.getUserName())) { System.out.println("Server accept clietn subscribe req : ["+req.toString()+"]"); ctx.writeAndFlush(resp(req.getSubReqID())); } } private SubscribeRespProto.SubscribeResp resp(int subReqID) { SubscribeRespProto.SubscribeResp.Builder builder = SubscribeRespProto.SubscribeResp.newBuilder(); builder.setSubReqID(subReqID); builder.setRespCode(0); builder.setDesc("netty书籍下单成功,3天后将会送到你的住处"); return builder. build(); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { cause.printStackTrace(); ctx.close(); }}
5.SubReqClient.java
import cn.ddlover.nettystudy.handler.SubReqClientHandler;import cn.ddlover.nettystudy.protobuf.SubscribeRespProto;import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufEncoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender; public class SubReqClient { private static final String HOST = "localhost"; private static final int PORT = 8080; public static void main(String[] args) { connect(HOST, PORT); } private static void connect(String host, int port) { EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); try { b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true) .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception { // 半包处理 socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder()); socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufDecoder(SubscribeRespProto.SubscribeResp.getDefaultInstance())); socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender()); socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufEncoder()); socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new SubReqClientHandler()); } }); ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync(); f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { group.shutdownGracefully(); } }}
6.SubReqClientHandler.java
import cn.ddlover.nettystudy.protobuf.SubscribeReqProto;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List; public class SubReqClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { for (int i =0;i<10;i++) { ctx.write(subReq(i)); } ctx.flush(); } private SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq subReq(int i) { SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq.Builder builder = SubscribeReqProto.SubscribeReq.newBuilder(); builder.setSubReqID(i); builder.setUserName("张三"); builder.setProductName("Netty Book"); List<String> address = new ArrayList<>(); address.add("NanJing YuHuaTai"); address.add("BeiJing LiuLiChang"); address.add("ShenZhen HongShuLin"); builder.addAllAddress(address); return builder.build(); } @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { System.out.println("Receive server response : ["+ msg +"]"); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { cause.printStackTrace(); ctx.close(); }}
代码部分到此就结束了,然后分别运行SubReqServer和SubReqClient, 就可以发现运行成功了。
这里要注意的事,调用toString的时候,中文在控制台打印的是字节,而调用对应属性的getter方法的时候,是可以做中文的判断的,显然这里protobuf的toString没有被修改好呀。
当然,我们也可以发现,netty本身已经封装好了对谷歌的protobuf的支持。Netty还是很强大的。
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