截止阀的启闭件是塞形的阀瓣，密封面呈平面或锥面，阀瓣沿流体的中心线作直线运动。阀杆的运动形式，有升降杆式（阀杆升降，手轮不升降），也有升降旋转杆式（手轮与阀杆一起旋转升降，螺母设在阀体上）。截止阀只适用于全开和全关，不允许作调节和节流。
截止阀属于强制密封式阀门，所以在阀门关闭时，必须向阀瓣施加压力，以强制密封面不泄漏。当介质由阀瓣下方进入阀六时，操作力所需要克服的阻力，是阀杆和填料的磨擦力与由介质的压力所产生的推力，关阀门的力比开阀门的力大，所以阀杆的直径要大，否则会发生阀杆顶弯的故障。近年来，从自密封的阀门出现后，截止阀的介质流向就改由阀瓣上方进入阀腔，这时在介质压力作用下，关阀门的力小，而开阀门的力大，阀杆的直径可以相应地减少。同时，在介质作用下，这种形式的阀门也较严密。我国阀门“三化给”曾规定，截止阀的流向，一律采用自上而下。
截止阀开启时，阀瓣的开启高度，为公称直径的25%～30%时，流量已达到最大，表示阀门已达全开位置。所以截止阀的全开位置，应由阀瓣的行程来决定。
| 标准编号 | 标准中文名称 | 标准英文名称 |
| DL/T531-1994(2005复审) | 电站高温高压截止阀、闸阀技术条件 | |
| GB/T11689-1989 | 船用法兰铸钢截止阀(四进位) | Marine cast steel flanged stop valves |
| GB/T12235-1989 | 通用阀门法兰连接钢制截止阀和升降式止回阀 | General purpose industrial valves—Flanged steel globe valves and lift check valves |
| GB/T12233-1989 | 通用阀门铁制截止阀与升降式止回阀 | General purpose industrial valves—Casting iron globe valves and lift check valves |
| GB/T1951-1984 | 船用低压外螺纹青铜截止阀 | Marine low pressure bronze male threaded stop valves |
| GB/T2499-1993 | 船用法兰铸铁双排截止阀箱 | Marine cast iron flange dual-row stop valves-case |
| GB/T590-1993 | 船用法兰铸铁截止阀 | Marine cast iron flanged stop valves |
| GB/T594-1983 | 船用外螺纹锻钢截止阀 | Marine forged steel male thread stop valves |
| GB/T584-1999 | 船用法兰铸钢截止阀 | Marine cast steel flanged stop valves |
| GB/T595-1983 | 船用外螺纹青铜截止阀 | Marine bronze male thread stop valves |
| GB/T587-1993 | 船用法兰青铜截止阀 | Marine bronze flanged stop valves |
| JB/T7245-1994 | 制冷装置用截止阀 | |
| JB/T7747-1995 | 针形截止阀 | |
| JB/T9081-1999 | 空气分离设备用低温截止阀和节流阀技术条件 | |
| JB/T53165-1999 | 高压平衡截止阀 产品质量分等 | |
| JB/T53174-1999 | 截止阀产品质量分等 | |
| JB/T53155-1999 | 空气分离设备用低温截止阀和节流阀 产品质量分等 | |
| JB/T8859-2004 | 截止阀静压寿命试验规程 | |
| HG/T3215-1986 | 聚三氟氯乙烯塑料衬里截止阀 | |
| NF E29-350-2003 | 工业用阀.钢制球阀、球状截止阀和止回阀 | (Industrial valves – Steel globe and globe stop and check valves.) |
| NF P43-001-2000 | 建筑物用阀门.建筑物中供应引用水用铜合金截止阀.试验和要求 | (Building valves – Copper alloy stopvalves for potable water supply in buildings – Tests and requirements.) |
| NF D36-380-2001 | 燃气燃烧器和燃气用具用自动截止阀的阀门检验系统 | (Valve proving systems for automatic shut-off valves for gas burners and gas appliances.) |
| NF A84-621-2002 | 气焊设备.焊接、切割和相关工艺用带截止阀的速动连接 | (Gas welding equipment – Quick-action coupling with shut-off valves for welding, cutting and allied processes.) |
| NF M88-771-1975 | 液化烃容器装置.手动截止阀.制造.功能.试验 | (LIQUEFIED HYDROCARBON INSTALLATIONS IN CONTAINERS. MANUALLY CONTROLLED STOP VALVE. CONSTRUCTION. OPERATION. TESTS.) |
| NF P43-002-1981 | 建筑物水管阀门.水表截止阀.一般技术规范 | (VALVES AND TAPS FOR WATER SUPPLY IN BUILDINGS. STOP VALVES FOR METER. GENERAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.) |
| BS EN 13709-2003 | 工业用阀.钢制球阀、球状截止阀和止回阀 | (Industrial valves – Steel globe and globe stop and check valves) |
| BS 1552-1995 | 一类、二类和三类燃气用手动截止阀规范 | (Specification for open bottomed taper plug valves for 1st, 2nd and 3rd family gases up to 200 mbar) |
| BS 7461-1991 | 带有流量调节器、闭路开关指示、闭合位置指示器开关或气流量控制的电动自动气体截止阀规范 | (Specification for electrically operated automatic gas shut-off valves fitted with throughput adjusters, proof of closure switches, closed position indicator switches or gas flow control) |
| BS 1010-2-1973 | 给排水设施用排放旋塞和截止(旋压式)阀规范.第2部分:排放旋塞和地面上用截止阀 | (Specification for draw-off taps and stopvalves for water services (screw-down pattern) – Draw-off taps and above-ground stopvalves) |
| BS 1873-1975 | 石油、石油化学及有关工业用钢球形阀、球形截止阀与单向阀(有法兰及对接焊端)规范 | (Specification for steel globe and globe stop and check valves (flanged and butt-welding ends) for the petroleum, petrochemical and allied industries) |
| BS 3457-1973 | 水龙头与截止阀座垫圈材料规范 | (Specification for materials for water tap and stopvalve seat washers) |
| DIN 4817-1-1981 | 液态气的截止阀.概念.安全技术要求.检验.标志 | (Shut off valves for liquefied gases; definitions, requirement, testing, marking) |
| DIN 86251-1998 | 造船用铸铁制带法兰的DN15至500的截止阀 | (Shutt off valves for shipboard use, of cast iron, with flanges, DN 15 to 500) |
| DIN 86260-1998 | 造船用炮铜制带法兰DN15至500的截止阀 | (Shutt off valves for shipboard use, of gun metall, with flanges, DN 15 to 500) |
| DIN 85003-4-1997 | 造船用管件的交货技术条件.第4部分:截止阀 | (Technical specifications for valves for shipboard use – Part 4: Stop valves) |
| DIN 85003-6-1997 | 造船用管件的交货技术条件.第6部分:手动截止阀 | (Technical specifications for valves for shipboard use -Part 6: Hand operated gate valves) |
| DIN 3399-1986 | 低压截止阀.安全技术要求和检验 | (Gas low-pressure cut-off valves; safety requirements, testing) |
| DIN 3160-1974 | 公称压力25的冷却剂循环直通截止阀 | (Through-valves for refrigerant circuits, nominal pressure 25 bar) |
| DIN 3161-1974 | 公称压力25的冷却剂循环角形截止阀 | (Elbow valves for refrigerant circuits; nominal pressure 25 bar) |
| DIN 4056-1992 | 水管.街道地下截止阀门的路盖.DVGW技术规范 | (Water pipelines; valve boxes for stop valves; DVGW code of practice) |
| DIN EN 1643-2001 | 燃气燃烧器和燃气用具用自动截止阀的阀门检验系统 | (Valve proving systems for automatic shut-off valves for gas burners and gas appliances; German version EN 1643:2000) |
| DIN 86500-1968 | 船用螺纹连接的截止阀和闸阀等概述 | (Valves and Gate Valves with Screwed Connections; Survey of Types for Shipbuilding) |
| DIN 86254-2000 | 船只及造船技术.超轻型截止阀DN32-DN125(PN10) | (Ships and marine technology – Shut off valves extra light duty DN 32 to DN 125, PN 10) |
| DIN EN 13709-2003 | 工业用阀.钢制球阀、球状截止阀和止回阀 | (Industrial valves – Steel globe and globe stop and check valves; German version EN 13709:2002) |
| DIN EN 1213-1999 | 建筑阀门.建筑物中饮用水供应用铜合金截止阀试验和要求 | (Building valves – Copper alloy stopvalves for potable water supply in buildings – Tests and requirements; German version EN 1213:1999) |
| DIN 86266-2002 | 船舶和航海技术.用手夹紧和法兰连接的超轻型法兰的截止阀 | (Ships and marine technology – Butterfly valves for flanges extra light duty wafer type and flanged type – DN 50 to DN 125, PN 10) |
| GB/T1856-1993 | 船用法兰铸铁单排排出截止阀箱 | Marine flanged cast iron single arrangement exhaust stop box valve |
| GB/T1854-1993 | 船用法兰铸铁单排吸入截止阀箱 | Marine flanged cast iron single arrangement suction stop box valve |
| JIS B8605-2002 | 致冷装置的截止阀 | (Stop valves for refrigerants) |
| JIS F7379-1996 | 造船.卡套式30K黄铜截止阀 | (Shipbuilding — Brass 30K stop valves with bite joint(s)) |
|
JIS E4103-1988 |
铁路车辆用截止阀 |
(Cut-out cocks for railway rolling stock) |
|
JIS E4114-1989 |
铁路车辆用青铜截止阀 |
(Bronze stop valves for railway rolling stock) |
|
QB/T3880-1999 |
卫生洁具、暖气直角式截止阀技术条件 |
Technical requirements for sanitariness ware and heating angle valve |
|
QB/T3881-1999 |
卫生洁具、暖气直角式截止阀型式和尺寸 |
Shapes and dimensions of sanitariness ware and heating angle valve |
|
JB/T10530-2005 |
氧气用截止阀 |
截止阀具有以下优点：
结构简单，制造和维修比较方便。
工作行程小，启闭时间短。
密封性好，密封面间磨擦力小，寿命较长。
截止阀的缺点如下：
流体阻力大，开启和关闭时所需力较大。
不适用于带颗粒、粘度较大、易结焦的介质。
调节性能较差。
截止阀的种类按阀杆螺纹的位置分有外螺纹式、内螺纹式。按介质的流向分，有直通式、直流式和角式。截止阀按密封形式分，有填料密封截止阀和波纹管密封截止阀。
截止阀的安装与维护应注意以下事项：
手轮、手柄操作的截止阀可安装在管道的任何位置上。
手轮、手柄及伟动机构，不允许作起吊用。
介质的流向应与阀体所示箭头方向一致。
