Spring之MVC模块

Spring MVC的Controller用于处理用户的请求。Controller相当于Struts 1里的Action,他们的实现机制、运行原理都类似

Controller是个接口,一般直接继承AbstrcatController,并实现handleRequestInternal方法。handleRequestInternal方法相当于Struts 1的execute方法

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController; public class CatController extends AbstractController{private ICatService catService;//setter、getter略protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequestrequest,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{String action =request.getParameter("action");if("list".equals(action)){returnthis.list(request,response);}}protected ModelAndView list(HttpServletRequestrequest,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{List<Cat> catList =catService.listCat();request.setAttribute("catList", catList);returnnew ModelAndView("cat/listCat");}}

Spring MVC没有内置数据的封装,开发者可以自己封装数据转换代码

Spring MVC独特的地方在于view层的处理上。handleRequestInternal返回ModelAndView对象,可以看做是对JSP对象的封装。ModelAndIView直接接受JSP页面的路径。例如参数"cat/listCat",只是JSP路径的一部分,实际完整的路径是"WEB-INF/jsp/cat/catList.jsp",路径前后的部分是配置在配置文件中的

除了制定JSP路径,ModelAndView还可以直接传递Model对象到View层,而不用事先放到request中,例如new ModelAndView("cat/listCat","cat",cat),如果传递多个参数,,可以使用Map,如

Map map = newHashMap();map.put("cat",cat);map.put("catList",catList);return new ModelAndView("cat/listCat",map);

一般使用一个独立的xml文件如spring-action.xml专门配置web相关的组件

<?xml version= "1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DCTYPEbeans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" ""><beans><bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"><property name="prefix"><value>/WEB-INF/jsp/</value><!– JSP前缀–></property><property name="suffix"><value>.jsp</value><!– JSP后缀–></property><!– 配置URL Mapping–><bean id="urlHandlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandleMapping"><property name="mappings"><props><!—Controller的URL会被配置成"cat.mvc"–><prop key="cat.mvc">catController</prop><props></property></bean><bean id="catController" class="com.clf.spring.CatController"><property name="catService" ref="catService"></property></bean></beans> web.xml配置<context-param><!– Spring配置文件的位置–><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xml,/WEB-INF/classes/spring-action.xml</param-value></context-param> <listener><!– 使用Listener加载Spring配置文件–><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener> <servlet><!– spring分发器–><servlet-name>spring</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/spring-action.xml</param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><!– 启动时加载–></servlet> <servlet-mapping><servlet-name> spring</servlet-name><url>*.mvc</url></servlet-mapping>

如果一个Controller要处理多个业务逻辑,可以使用MultiActionController,相当于Struts 1中的DispatchAction,能根据某个参数将不同的请求分发到不同的方法上

import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController; public class CatController extends AbstractController{private ICatService catService;//setter、getter略protected ModelAndView add(HttpServletRequestrequest,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{……returnnew ModelAndView("cat/addCat");}protected ModelAndView list(HttpServletRequestrequest,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{List<Cat> catList =catService.listCat();request.setAttribute("catList", catList);return new ModelAndView("cat/listCat");}}

配置到spring-action.xml

<bean id="paraMethodResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.ParameterMethodNameResolver"><property name="paramName"><value>action</value><!– 配置分发参数–></property><property name="defaultMethodName"><value>list</value><!– 配置默认的执行方法–></property></bean> <bean id="urlHandlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandleMapping"><property name="mappings"><props><prop key="cat.mvc">catController</prop><!– 访问"cat.mvc"则交给catController处理–><prop key="catMulti.mvc">catMultiController</prop><!– 访问"catMulti.mvc"则交给catMultiController处理–><props></property></bean><bean id="catController" class="com.clf.spring.CatMultiController"><property name="catService" ref="catService"></property></bean><bean id="catMultiController" class="com.clf.spring.CatController"><property name="catService" ref="catService"></property></bean>

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Spring之MVC模块

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