Mysql分区表的管理与维护

关于Mysql分区表的介绍可以参考:

关于Mysql分区表的创建可以参考:

前面已经提过,Mysql支持4种表的分区,即RANGE与LIST、HASH与KEY,其中RANGE和LIST类似,按一种区间进行分区,HASH与KEY类似,是按照某种算法对字段进行分区。

RANGE与LIST分区管理:

案例:有一个聊天记录表,用户几千左右,已经对表按照用户进行一定粒度的水平分割,现仍然有部分表存储的记录比较多,于是按照下列方式有对表进行了分区,分区的好处是,可以动态改变分区,删除分区后,数据也一同被删除,如聊天记录只保存两年,那么你就可以按照时间进行分区,定期删除两年前的分区,动态创建新的的分区就能做到很好的数据维护。

分区表创建的语句如下:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `msgss`;CREATE TABLE `msgss` ( `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '表主键', `sender` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '发送者ID', `reciver` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '接收者ID', `msg_type` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '消息类型', `msg` varchar(225) NOT NULL COMMENT '消息内容', `atime` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '发送时间', `sub_id` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '部门ID', PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`atime`,`sub_id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8/*********分区信息**************/PARTITION BY RANGE (atime) SUBPARTITION BY HASH (sub_id) (PARTITION t0 VALUES LESS THAN(1451577600)(SUBPARTITION s0,SUBPARTITION s1,SUBPARTITION s2,SUBPARTITION s3,SUBPARTITION s4,SUBPARTITION s5),PARTITION t1 VALUES LESS THAN(1483200000)(SUBPARTITION s6,SUBPARTITION s7,SUBPARTITION s8,SUBPARTITION s9,SUBPARTITION s10,SUBPARTITION s11),PARTITION t2 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE(SUBPARTITION s12,SUBPARTITION s13,SUBPARTITION s14,SUBPARTITION s15,SUBPARTITION s16,SUBPARTITION s17));

上述语句创建了三个按照RANGE划分的主分区,每个主分区下面有六个按照HASH划分的子分区。

插入测试数据:

INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH',UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW()),1);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 2',UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW()),2);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 3',UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW()),3);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 10',UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW()),10);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 7',UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW()),7);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 5',UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW()),5);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH',1451577607,1);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 2',1451577609,2);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 3',1451577623,3);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 10',1451577654,10);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 7',1451577687,7);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 5',1451577699,5);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH',1514736056,1);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 2',1514736066,2);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 3',1514736076,3);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 10',1514736086,10);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 7',1514736089,7);INSERT INTO `msgss`(`sender`,`reciver`,`msg_type`,`msg`,`atime`,`sub_id`) VALUES(1,2,0,'Hello HASH 5',1514736098,5); 进行分区分析:

EXPLAIN PARTITIONS SELECT * FROM msgss;

可以检测到分区信息如下:

谁说的,人非要快乐不可,好像快乐由得人选择。

Mysql分区表的管理与维护

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