Bash的基础知识man手册

Unix Shell本文选自基于Android设备的Kali Linux渗透测试教程。

2.1man手册

man [SECTION NUMBER] MAN PAGE NAME

以上命令中，两个选项的含义如下所示：

man 1 man

Man手册页章节号是根据它们自己的规范定义的，主要分为几个部分。如下所示：

android@localhost:~$ man 4 pts

执行以上命令后，将显示如下所示的信息：

PTS(4)Linux Programmer’s ManualPTS(4)

NAME

ptmx, pts – pseudoterminal master and slave

DESCRIPTION

Thefile/dev/ptmxis a character file with major number 5 and minor

number 2, usually of mode 0666 and owner.groupofroot.root.Itis

used to create a pseudoterminal master and slave pair.

When a process opens /dev/ptmx, it gets a file descriptor for a pseu‐

doterminal master (PTM), and a pseudoterminalslave(PTS)deviceis

createdinthe/dev/pts directory.Each file descriptor obtained by

opening /dev/ptmx is an independent PTM with itsownassociatedPTS,

whose path can be found by passing the descriptor to ptsname(3).

Beforeopeningthepseudoterminalslave, you must pass the master’s

file descriptor to grantpt(3) and unlockpt(3).

Once both the pseudoterminal master and slave are open, the slave pro‐

videsprocesseswith an interface that is identical to that of a real

terminal.

……

FILES

/dev/ptmx, /dev/pts/*

NOTES

The Linux support for the above (known as UNIX 98 pseudoterminal nam‐

ing)isdoneusing the devpts file system, that should be mounted on

/dev/pts.

BeforethisUNIX98scheme,masterpseudoterminalswerecalled

/dev/ptyp0,…andslavepseudoterminals /dev/ttyp0, …and one

needed lots of preallocated device nodes.

SEE ALSO

getpt(3), grantpt(3), ptsname(3), unlockpt(3), pty(7)

COLOPHON

This page is part of release 3.44 of the Linuxman-pagesproject.A

descriptionofthe project, and information about reporting bugs, can

be found at

本文选自基于Android设备的Kali Linux渗透测试教程。

android@localhost:~$ man 5 passwd

执行以上命令后，，将输出如下所示的信息：

PASSWD(5)File Formats and ConversionsPASSWD(5)

NAME

passwd – the password file

DESCRIPTION

/etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven fields

delimited by colons (“:”). These fields are:

·login name

·optional encrypted password

·numerical user ID

·numerical group ID

·user name or comment field

·user home directory

·optional user command interpreter

The encrypted password field may be blank, in which case no password is

required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some

applications which read the /etc/passwd file may decide not to permit

any access at all if the password field is blank. If the password field

is a lower-case “x”, then the encrypted password is actually stored in

the shadow(5) file instead; there must be a corresponding line in the

/etc/shadow file, or else the user account is invalid. If the password

field is any other string, then it will be treated as an encrypted

password, as specified by crypt(3).

The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as

finger(1).

The home directory field provides the name of the initial working

directory. The login program uses this information to set the value of

the $HOME environmental variable.

The command interpreter field provides the name of the user’s command

language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute.

The login program uses this information to set the value of the $SHELL

environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the

value /bin/sh.

FILES

/etc/passwd

User account information.

/etc/shadow

optional encrypted password file

/etc/passwd-

Backup file for /etc/passwd.

Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite,

but not by all user and password management tools.

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