1. oracle12c的安装
参照如下链接：
2. 连接数据库时，出现ORA-12514错误。
解决方案参考如下链接：
1）确保Oracle 基本服务都已启动
OracleDBConsoleorcl
OracleOraDb11g_home1TNSListener
OracleServiceORCL
2）打开命令行，使用 sqlplus nokia_user/oracle@202.206.0.233/orcl 命令登录 oracle ，显示如下：
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>sqlplus nokia_user/oracle@202.206.0.233/orclSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 12月 23 10:37:52 2011Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.All rights reserved.ERROR:ORA-12541: TNS: 无监听程序
在ORA-12541: TNS: 无监听程序 错误下，，无论是否在本地登录都是会提示ORA-12541: TNS: 无监听程序错误的
3）在命令行中，执行lsnrctl status
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 – Production on 23-12月-2011 09:27:35Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.All rights reserved.正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))LISTENER 的 STATUS————————别名LISTENER版本TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 – Production启动日期23-12月-2011 09:17:19正常运行时间0 天 0 小时 10 分 16 秒跟踪级别off安全性ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMPOFF监听程序参数文件C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora监听程序日志文件c:\program_files\oracle\database_11g_r2\diag\tnslsnr\dbserver-7ec4a9\listener\alert\log.xml监听端点概要…(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1521ipc)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))服务摘要..服务 "CLRExtProc" 包含 1 个实例。实例 "CLRExtProc", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序…服务 "orcl" 包含 1 个实例。实例 "orcl", 状态 READY, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序…服务 "orclXDB" 包含 1 个实例。实例 "orcl", 状态 READY, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序…命令执行成功
在这里可以看到监听程序参数文件的位置
4）修改监听程序参数文件
初次打开时，内容如下
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.SID_LIST_LISTENER =(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)(ORACLE_HOME = C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)(PROGRAM = extproc)(ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr11.dll")))LISTENER =(DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =localhost)(PORT = 1521))))ADR_BASE_LISTENER = C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2
修改为：
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.SID_LIST_LISTENER =(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(SID_NAME =orcl)(ORACLE_HOME = C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)#(PROGRAM = extproc)(ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr11.dll")))LISTENER =(DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY =orcl))(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =202.206.0.233)(PORT = 1521))))ADR_BASE_LISTENER = C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2SID_NAME，KEY 的值修改为要访问的oracle实例的名称，HOST 修为 oracle 服务器使用的地址
5）重启listener,在命令行中依次执行 lsnrctl stop，lsnrctl start
十年干戈天地老，四海苍生痛苦深。
