Tree chain problem(树状dp)

Tree chain problemTime Limit: 6000/3000 MS (Java/Others)Memory Limit: 65536/65536 K (Java/Others)Total Submission(s): 262Accepted Submission(s): 59

Problem Description

Coco has a tree, whose vertices are conveniently labeled by 1,2,…,n.There are m chain on the tree, Each chain has a certain weight. Coco would like to pick out some chains any two of which do not share common vertices.Find out the maximum sum of the weight Coco can pick

Input

The input consists of several test cases. The first line of input gives the number of test cases T (T<=10).For each tests:First line two positive integers n, m.(1<=n,m<=100000)The following (n – 1) lines contain 2 integers ai bi denoting an edge between vertices ai and bi (1≤ai,bi≤n),Next m lines each three numbers u, v and val(1≤u,v≤n,0<val<1000), represent the two end points and the weight of a tree chain.

Output

For each tests:A single integer, the maximum number of paths.

Sample Input

17 31 21 32 42 53 63 72 3 44 5 36 7 3

Sample Output

6

Hint

Stack expansion program: #pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")

题目大意:有一颗n个节点的数,,给出n-1条边(无向),还有m条链,每条链链接两个顶点(按lca的方式链接),链存在一个权值w,现在想要挑选一些链,挑选的链中不能出现相同的节点,问可以挑选出的最大的权重是多少?

要求权值最大,按照树形dp的思路去考虑,那么dp[i]为以第i个点位根节点的子树的最优解。dp[i]的状态转移公式,有两种可能,第一种:第i个节点上不出现链,那么dp[i] = ∑(dp[k] | k为i的子节点);第二种:第i个节点上出现链,如果选择加入这条链,那么dp[i] = w(链的权值) + ∑(dp[k] | k为链上的节点的子节点) = w + ∑(sum[k] | k为链上的节点) – ∑(dp[k] | k为链上的节点) 。sum[i]表示i节点的所有子节点的dp和,在∑(sum[k] | k为链上的节点) – ∑(dp[k] | k为链上的节点) 中减去的dp[k]会由它的父节点的sum补全。这样就得到了状态转移公式。

还有要计算给出的链的两个顶点的lca(用于更新dp的值),在更新dp值的时候需要计算链上节点的(sun的和)(dp的和),使用树状数组来计算,对所有节点进行dfs,对点进行重新编号,每到达一个点和每离开一个点都要编号,记录在l[i]和r[i]中,当计算玩一个sum[i]值后,加到树状数组c1中(l[i]位置加正值,r[i]位置加负值),计算完一个dp[i]值后,加到树状数组c2中(l[i]位置加正值,r[i]位置加负值),按照新的编号进行树状数组计算区间和,也就可以得到链上的节点的和

总结:

1、建树,题目给出的(无向边),要加双边

2、dfs,建立rmq[i][j]:i节点的第2^j个父节点,对节点重新编号

3、对给出的两个顶点求lca,(代码中用rmq求lca)

4、树状数组,求区间和。

5、深搜,完成树形dp,按状态转移方程计算每一个节点的值,使用树状数组计算链上节点的和

#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>#include <vector>#include <algorithm>using namespace std ;#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")#define maxn 200050struct E{int v , next ;}edge[maxn] ;int head[maxn] , cnt ;struct node{int u , v , w ;int lca ;}p[maxn] ;int dep[maxn] , rmq[maxn][20] ;int l[100010] , r[maxn] , cid ;vector <int> vec[maxn] ;int dp[maxn] , sum[maxn] ;int c1[maxn] , c2[maxn] ;void add_E(int u,int v) {edge[cnt].v = v ;edge[cnt].next = head[u] ; head[u] = cnt++ ;edge[cnt].v = u ;edge[cnt].next = head[v] ; head[v] = cnt++ ;}void dfs(int fa,int u) {l[u] = ++cid ;int i , j , v ;for(i = head[u] ; i != -1 ; i = edge[i].next) {v = edge[i].v ;if( v == fa ) continue ;dep[v] = dep[u] + 1 ;rmq[v][0] = u ;for(j = 1 ; j < 20 ; j++)rmq[v][j] = rmq[ rmq[v][j-1] ][j-1] ;dfs(u,v) ;}r[u] = ++cid ;}int lca(int u,int v) {if( dep[u] < dep[v] )swap(u,v) ;int i , j ;for(i = 19 ; i >= 0 ; i–) {if( dep[ rmq[u][i] ] >= dep[v] )u = rmq[u][i] ;if( u == v ) return u ;}for(i = 19 ; i >= 0 ; i–) {if( rmq[u][i] != rmq[v][i] ){u = rmq[u][i] ;v = rmq[v][i] ;}}return rmq[u][0] ;}int lowbit(int x) {return x & -x ;}void add(int i,int k,int *c,int n) {while( i <= n ) {c[i] += k ;i += lowbit(i) ;}}int getsum(int i,int *c) {int ans = 0 ;while( i ) {ans += c[i] ;i -= lowbit(i) ;}return ans ;}void solve(int fa,int s,int n) {dp[s] = sum[s] = 0 ;int i , j , u , v , temp ;for(i = head[s] ; i != -1 ;i = edge[i].next) {v = edge[i].v ;if( v == fa ) continue ;solve(s,v,n) ;sum[s] += dp[v] ;}dp[s] = sum[s] ;for(i = 0 ; i < vec[s].size() ; i++) {u = p[ vec[s][i] ].u ;v = p[ vec[s][i] ].v ;temp = getsum(l[u],c1) + getsum(l[v],c1) – getsum(l[u],c2) – getsum(l[v],c2) + sum[s] ;dp[s] = max(dp[s],temp+p[vec[s][i]].w) ;}add(l[s],sum[s],c1,n*2) ;add(r[s],-sum[s],c1,n*2) ;add(l[s],dp[s],c2,n*2) ;add(r[s],-dp[s],c2,n*2) ;}void init(int n) {memset(head,-1,sizeof(head)) ;memset(rmq,0,sizeof(rmq)) ;memset(c1,0,sizeof(c1)) ;memset(c2,0,sizeof(c2)) ;cnt = cid = 0 ;dep[1] = 1 ;rmq[1][0] = 1 ;for(int i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)vec[i].clear() ;return ;}int main() {int t , n , m ;int i , j , u , v , w ;//freopen("1006.in","r",stdin) ;//freopen("t.out","w",stdout) ;scanf("%d", &t) ;while( t– ) {scanf("%d %d", &n, &m) ;init(n) ;for(i = 1 ; i < n ; i++) {scanf("%d %d", &u, &v) ;add_E(u,v) ;}dfs(-1,1) ;for(i = 0 ; i < m ; i++) {scanf("%d %d %d", &p[i].u, &p[i].v, &p[i].w) ;p[i].lca = lca(p[i].u,p[i].v) ;vec[ p[i].lca ].push_back(i) ;}solve(-1,1,n) ;printf("%d\n", dp[1]) ;}return 0 ;}

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Tree chain problem(树状dp)

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