大纲
一、前言
二、环境准备
三、安装与配置Nginx
四、Nginx之反向代理
五、Nginx之负载均衡
六、Nginx之页面缓存
七、Nginx之URL重写
八、Nginx之读写分离
注，操作系统为 CentOS 6.4 x86_64 , Nginx 是版本是最新版的1.4.2，所以实验用到的软件请点击这里下载：
一、前言
在前面的几篇博文中我们主要讲解了Nginx作为Web服务器知识点，主要的知识点有nginx的理论详解、nginx作为web服务器的操作讲解、nginx作为LNMP架构的讲解，不清楚的博友可以回头看看，在这一篇博客中我们主要讲解， nginx的反向代理、负载均衡、缓存、URL重写以及读写分离详解。好了，下面我们来具体说一说。
二、环境准备
1. 操作系统
CentOS 6.4 x86_64
2.软件版本
Nginx 1.4.2
3.实验拓扑
注，实验拓扑见下文。
4.安装yum源
[root@nginx ~]# rpm -ivh [root@web1 ~]# rpm -ivh [root@web2 ~]# rpm -ivh
5.各节点时间同步
[root@nginx ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101[root@web1 ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101[root@web2 ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101
6.关闭防火墙与SELinux
[root@nginx ~]# service iptables stop [root@nginx ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@nginx ~]# getenforce Disabled[root@web1 ~]# service iptables stop [root@web1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@web1 ~]# getenforce Disabled[root@web2 ~]# service iptables stop [root@web2 ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@web2 ~]# getenforce Disabled
三、安装Nginx
1.解压
[root@nginx src]# tar xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz
2.新建nginx用户与组
[root@nginx src]# groupadd -g 108 -r nginx [root@nginx src]# useradd -u 108 -r -g 108 nginx [root@nginx src]# id nginx uid=108(nginx) gid=108(nginx) 组=108(nginx)
3.准备编译配置文件
[root@nginx src]# yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# ./configure –prefix=/usr –sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid –lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock –user=nginx –group=nginx –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi –with-pcre
4.编译并安装
[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# make && make install
5.为nginx提供SysV init脚本
[root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/init.d/nginx #!/bin/sh # # nginx – this script starts and stops the nginx daemon # # chkconfig: – 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \ #proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf # config:/etc/sysconfig/nginx # pidfile:/var/run/nginx.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ “$NETWORKING” = “no” ] && exit 0 nginx=”/usr/sbin/nginx” prog=$(basename $nginx) NGINX_CONF_FILE=”/etc/nginx/nginx.conf” [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx make_dirs() {# make required directoriesuser=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep “configure arguments:” | sed ‘s/[^*]*–user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g’ -`options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep ‘configure arguments:’`for opt in $options; doif [ `echo $opt | grep ‘.*-temp-path’` ]; thenvalue=`echo $opt | cut -d “=” -f 2`if [ ! -d “$value” ]; then# echo “creating” $valuemkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $valuefifidone } start() {[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6make_dirsecho -n $”Starting $prog: “daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILEretval=$?echo[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfilereturn $retval } stop() {echo -n $”Stopping $prog: “killproc $prog -QUITretval=$?echo[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfilereturn $retval } restart() {configtest || return $?stopsleep 1start } reload() {configtest || return $?echo -n $”Reloading $prog: “killproc $nginx -HUPRETVAL=$?echo } force_reload() {restart } configtest() {$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } rh_status() {status $prog } rh_status_q() {rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case “$1” instart)rh_status_q && exit 0$1;;stop)rh_status_q || exit 0$1;;restart|configtest)$1;;reload)rh_status_q || exit 7$1;;force-reload)force_reload;;status)rh_status;;condrestart|try-restart)rh_status_q || exit 0;;*)echo $”Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}”exit 2 esac
6.为此脚本赋予执行权限
[root@nginx ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx穷则思变，差则思勤！没有比人更高的山没有比脚更长的路。
