最近在Linux下使用tar命令，老把参数弄混。遂决定写此文以备查询使用。在Linux下查看tar命令帮助：tar –help会出现一大片的信息，，最后。
Usage: tar [OPTION…] [FILE]…GNU `tar’ saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and canrestore individual files from the archive.Examples: tar -cf archive.tar foo bar # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar. tar -tvf archive.tar # List all files in archive.tar verbosely. tar -xf archive.tar # Extract all files from archive.tar. Main operation mode: -A, –catenate, –concatenate append tar files to an archive -c, –create create a new archive -d, –diff, –compare find differences between archive and file system –delete delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!) -r, –append append files to the end of an archive -t, –list list the contents of an archive –test-label test the archive volume label and exit -u, –update only append files newer than copy in archive -x, –extract, –get extract files from an archive Operation modifiers: –check-device check device numbers when creating incremental archives (default) -g, –listed-incremental=FILE handle new GNU-format incremental backup -G, –incremental handle old GNU-format incremental backup –ignore-failed-read do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files –level=NUMBER dump level for created listed-incremental archive -n, –seek archive is seekable –no-check-device do not check device numbers when creating incremental archives –no-seek archive is not seekable –occurrence[=NUMBER] process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file in the archive; this option is valid only in conjunction with one of the subcommands –delete, –diff, –extract or –list and when a list of files is given either on the command line or via the -T option; NUMBER defaults to 1 –sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR] set version of the sparse format to use (implies –sparse) -S, –sparse handle sparse files efficiently Overwrite control: -k, –keep-old-files don’t replace existing files when extracting –keep-newer-files don’t replace existing files that are newer than their archive copies –no-overwrite-dir preserve metadata of existing directories –overwrite overwrite existing files when extracting –overwrite-dir overwrite metadata of existing directories when extracting (default) –recursive-unlink empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory –remove-files remove files after adding them to the archive -U, –unlink-first remove each file prior to extracting over it -W, –verify attempt to verify the archive after writing it Select output stream: –ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children –no-ignore-command-error treat non-zero exit codes of children as error -O, –to-stdout extract files to standard output –to-command=COMMAND pipe extracted files to another program Handling of file attributes: –acls Save the ACLs to the archive –atime-preserve[=METHOD] preserve access times on dumped files, either by restoring the times after reading (METHOD=’replace’; default) or by not setting the times in the first place (METHOD=’system’) –delay-directory-restore delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted directories until the end of extraction –group=NAME force NAME as group for added files –mode=CHANGES force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files –mtime=DATE-OR-FILE set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE -m, –touch don’t extract file modified time –no-acls Don’t extract the ACLs from the archive –no-delay-directory-restore cancel the effect of –delay-directory-restore option –no-same-owner extract files as yourself (default for ordinary users) –no-same-permissions apply the user’s umask when extracting permissions from the archive (default for ordinary users) –no-selinux Don’t extract the SELinux context from the archive –no-xattrs Don’t extract the user/root xattrs from the archive –numeric-owner always use numbers for user/group names –owner=NAME force NAME as owner for added files -p, –preserve-permissions, –same-permissions extract information about file permissions (default for superuser) –preserve same as both -p and -s –same-owner try extracting files with the same ownership as exists in the archive (default for superuser) -s, –preserve-order, –same-order sort names to extract to match archive –selinux Save the SELinux context to the archive –xattrs Save the user/root xattrs to the archive Device selection and switching: -f, –file=ARCHIVE use archive file or device ARCHIVE –force-local archive file is local even if it has a colon -F, –info-script=NAME, –new-volume-script=NAME run script at end of each tape (implies -M) -L, –tape-length=NUMBER change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes -M, –multi-volume create/list/extract multi-volume archive –rmt-command=COMMAND use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt –rsh-command=COMMAND use remote COMMAND instead of rsh –volno-file=FILE use/update the volume number in FILE Device blocking: -b, –blocking-factor=BLOCKS BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record -B, –read-full-records reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes) -i, –ignore-zeros ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF) –record-size=NUMBER NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512 Archive format selection: -H, –format=FORMAT create archive of the given format FORMAT is one of the following: gnu GNU tar 1.13.x format oldgnu GNU format as per tar <= 1.12 pax POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format posix same as pax ustar POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format v7 old V7 tar format –old-archive, –portability same as –format=v7 –pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]… control pax keywords –posix same as –format=posix -V, –label=TEXT create archive with volume name TEXT; at list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern for volume name Compression options: -a, –auto-compress use archive suffix to determine the compression program -I, –use-compress-program=PROG filter through PROG (must accept -d) -j, –bzip2 filter the archive through bzip2 -J, –xz filter the archive through xz –lzip filter the archive through lzip –lzma filter the archive through lzma –lzop –no-auto-compress do not use archive suffix to determine the compression program -z, –gzip, –gunzip, –ungzip filter the archive through gzip -Z, –compress, –uncompress filter the archive through compress Local file selection: –add-file=FILE add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name starts with a dash) –backup[=CONTROL] backup before removal, choose version CONTROL -C, –directory=DIR change to directory DIR –exclude=PATTERN exclude files, given as a PATTERN –exclude-backups exclude backup and lock files –exclude-caches exclude contents of directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the tag file itself –exclude-caches-all exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG –exclude-caches-under exclude everything under directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG –exclude-tag=FILE exclude contents of directories containing FILE, except for FILE itself –exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE –exclude-tag-under=FILE exclude everything under directories containing FILE –exclude-vcs exclude version control system directories -h, –dereference follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they point to –hard-dereference follow hard links; archive and dump the files they refer to -K, –starting-file=MEMBER-NAME begin at member MEMBER-NAME in the archive –newer-mtime=DATE compare date and time when data changed only –no-null disable the effect of the previous –null option –no-recursion avoid descending automatically in directories –no-unquote do not unquote filenames read with -T –null -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C -N, –newer=DATE-OR-FILE, –after-date=DATE-OR-FILE only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE –one-file-system stay in local file system when creating archive -P, –absolute-names don’t strip leading `/’s from file names –recursion recurse into directories (default) –suffix=STRING backup before removal, override usual suffix (‘~’ unless overridden by environment variable SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX) -T, –files-from=FILE get names to extract or create from FILE –unquote unquote filenames read with -T (default) -X, –exclude-from=FILE exclude patterns listed in FILE File name transformations: –strip-components=NUMBER strip NUMBER leading components from file names on extraction –transform=EXPRESSION, –xform=EXPRESSION use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file names File name matching options (affect both exclude and include patterns): –anchored patterns match file name start –ignore-case ignore case –no-anchored patterns match after any `/’ (default for exclusion) –no-ignore-case case sensitive matching (default) –no-wildcards verbatim string matching –no-wildcards-match-slash wildcards do not match `/’ –wildcards use wildcards (default) –wildcards-match-slash wildcards match `/’ (default for exclusion) Informative output: –checkpoint[=NUMBER] display progress messages every NUMBERth record (default 10) –checkpoint-action=ACTION execute ACTION on each checkpoint –index-file=FILE send verbose output to FILE -l, –check-links print a message if not all links are dumped –no-quote-chars=STRING disable quoting for characters from STRING –quote-chars=STRING additionally quote characters from STRING –quoting-style=STYLE set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE values -R, –block-number show block number within archive with each message –show-defaults show tar defaults –show-omitted-dirs when listing or extracting, list each directory that does not match search criteria –show-transformed-names, –show-stored-names show file or archive names after transformation –totals[=SIGNAL] print total bytes after processing the archive; with an argument – print total bytes when this SIGNAL is delivered; Allowed signals are: SIGHUP, SIGQUIT, SIGINT, SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2; the names without SIG prefix are also accepted –utc print file modification dates in UTC -v, –verbose verbosely list files processed –warning=KEYWORD warning control -w, –interactive, –confirmation ask for confirmation for every action Compatibility options: -o when creating, same as –old-archive; when extracting, same as –no-same-owner Other options: -?, –help give this help list –restrict disable use of some potentially harmful options –usage give a short usage message –version print program versionMandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optionalfor any corresponding short options.The backup suffix is `~’, unless set with –suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.The version control may be set with –backup or VERSION_CONTROL, values are: none, off never make backups t, numbered make numbered backups nil, existing numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise never, simple always make simple backupsValid arguments for the –quoting-style option are: literal shell shell-always c c-maybe escape locale clocale*This* tar defaults to:–format=gnu -f- -b20 –quoting-style=escape –rmt-command=/sbin/rmt–rsh-command=/usr/bin/rshReport bugs to <bug-tar@gnu.org>.
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