如何用PLC测转速

      关于,我是个初学者,今天在此对自己前一段时间的学习做个总结,以备后用。由于本人水平有限,本文一定还存在不少错误和不妥之处,敬请大家批评指正。

     本文所有程序,均在Step7Template.mwp中编写,CPU类型选西门子 S7—200系列226 CN。

     先说程序,测低速(每分钟1000转以下) :   LD    I0.0

                                                                         LD    M20.1

                                                                        CTU   C0,+5000    //设定增计数器上限

                                                                        

                                                                        LD    SM0.0

                                                                         A     M20.0

                                                                       TON   T37,+30      //立即接通,延时三秒断开

                                                                        LD    SM0.0

                                                                         O     M20.0#p#分页标题#e#

                                                                         AN    T37

                                                                         =     M20.0         //设定T37定时器复位信号

                                                                        LD    M20.0

                                                                        LD    M20.1

                                                                       CTU   C1,+20     //设定增计数器C1上限

                                                                       LD      C1

                                                                      MOVW  C0,VW200     

                                                                        =     M20.2

                                                                      LD    M20.2,                                                         AN    T37

                                                          =     M20.0                   //立即接通延时十秒断开

                                                         LD     T37                       

                                                         MOVD   HC0, VD100               //I0.0为高速计数器HC0输入口,计数结果移入VD100

                                                         MOVD   VD100, VD200

                                                         MUL    +6, VD200                  //计数结果乘以6,放入VD200

                                                        LD     T37

                                                        CALL   SBR_0                      //T37计时到,调用高速计数器初始化子程序

 

                                                           SBR_0                              //高速计数器初始化子程序#p#分页标题#e#

                                                    

                                                       LD     SM0.0

                                                       MOVB   16#F8, SMB37                //设置控制位:增计数;已使能;

                                                       MOVD   +0, SMD38                   //装载 CV

                                                       MOVD   +0, SMD42                   //装载 PV

                                                       HDEF   0, 0

                                                       HSC    0

       以上程序测速范围为1000转以上,实验时测得最高为2500+,因实验条件有限,上限未知。有人会有疑问:你怎么采用的是测10秒,然后将计数结果乘以6当做一分钟的转速,而不直接测一分钟的转速呢? 因为转速结果最后要用数码管显示出来,对观察者来说,10秒以后显示与一分钟后显示相比,前者更好一些。最后我们采用的是6乘以10的策略。

      最后来说说外围电路吧。外围电路把转速转换成脉冲信号输入PLC,上面两段程序用的都是I0.0口。信号的转换和采集用霍尔,

    

接法如图:VCC接24V,GND接负极,A接信号输入端I0.0,A端和24V间接电阻。接好后将霍尔元件平的一面朝被测物体固定好,如一个轮子,在轮子面上霍尔对应位置安装霍尔磁体。测速原理:轮子每转一圈,磁体和霍尔元件接触一次(其实是接近),它们接触时带来A端电压的降低,由此给PLC一个脉冲信号。磁体和霍尔之间间距3至5mm。安装时注意磁体的正反面。

      好了,测转速就先说这么多。经过以上这些,测得的数据只是放在PLC的内存里,我们可以在软件里监测PLC运行情况,看到这些数据。是不是有点麻烦,有没有更好的方法能看到这些数据?当然,可以用LED数码管来把数据显示出来。,      关于,我是个初学者,今天在此对自己前一段时间的学习做个总结,以备后用。由于本人水平有限,本文一定还存在不少错误和不妥之处,敬请大家批评指正。

     本文所有程序,均在Step7Template.mwp中编写,CPU类型选西门子 S7—200系列226 CN。

     先说程序,测低速(每分钟1000转以下) :   LD    I0.0

                                                                         LD    M20.1

                                                                        CTU   C0,+5000    //设定增计数器上限

                                                                        

                                                                        LD    SM0.0

                                                                         A     M20.0

                                                                       TON   T37,+30      //立即接通,延时三秒断开

                                                                        LD    SM0.0

                                                                         O     M20.0#p#分页标题#e#

                                                                         AN    T37

                                                                         =     M20.0         //设定T37定时器复位信号

                                                                        LD    M20.0

                                                                        LD    M20.1

                                                                       CTU   C1,+20     //设定增计数器C1上限

                                                                       LD      C1

                                                                      MOVW  C0,VW200     

                                                                        =     M20.2

                                                                      LD    M20.2                                                                       =     M20.1       //设定增计数器C1的复位信号

外围电路下面介绍,先讲程序。由I0.0作输入口,T37延时三秒后给C1一个信号,C1计1,然后T37被复位,再延时,3秒后C1计2,…

直到C1计到20。20个三秒就是一分钟 ,期间I0.0口的脉冲信号由C0计数器计数,计满一分钟就把结果移到VW200中。脉冲信号由外围电路得到。

       以上程序能测一千以下的转速,实验时上限是一千四百多吧。由于该程序用的是低速计数器,转速较高时,受PLC时钟周期影响,在一分钟时转速还未记好,C0就被清零,所以会有上限。接下来我们用PLC内部不受时钟周期影响的高速计数器来测高速(一千转以上):

                                                           LD     SM0.1

                                                          CALL   SBR_0               //调用高速计数器初始化子程序

 

                                                          LD     SM0.0

                                                           A      M20.0

                                                          TON   T37,+100           //设定计时器值,延时10秒

                                                      

                                                         LD    SM0.0

                                                          O     M20.0                                                          AN    T37

                                                          =     M20.0                   //立即接通延时十秒断开

                                                         LD     T37                       

                                                         MOVD   HC0, VD100               //I0.0为高速计数器HC0输入口,计数结果移入VD100

                                                         MOVD   VD100, VD200

                                                         MUL    +6, VD200                  //计数结果乘以6,放入VD200

                                                        LD     T37

                                                        CALL   SBR_0                      //T37计时到,调用高速计数器初始化子程序

 

                                                           SBR_0                              //高速计数器初始化子程序#p#分页标题#e#

                                                    

                                                       LD     SM0.0

                                                       MOVB   16#F8, SMB37                //设置控制位:增计数;已使能;

                                                       MOVD   +0, SMD38                   //装载 CV

                                                       MOVD   +0, SMD42                   //装载 PV

                                                       HDEF   0, 0

                                                       HSC    0

       以上程序测速范围为1000转以上,实验时测得最高为2500+,因实验条件有限,上限未知。有人会有疑问:你怎么采用的是测10秒,然后将计数结果乘以6当做一分钟的转速,而不直接测一分钟的转速呢? 因为转速结果最后要用数码管显示出来,对观察者来说,10秒以后显示与一分钟后显示相比,前者更好一些。最后我们采用的是6乘以10的策略。

      最后来说说外围电路吧。外围电路把转速转换成脉冲信号输入PLC,上面两段程序用的都是I0.0口。信号的转换和采集用霍尔,

    

接法如图:VCC接24V,GND接负极,A接信号输入端I0.0,A端和24V间接电阻。接好后将霍尔元件平的一面朝被测物体固定好,如一个轮子,在轮子面上霍尔对应位置安装霍尔磁体。测速原理:轮子每转一圈,磁体和霍尔元件接触一次(其实是接近),它们接触时带来A端电压的降低,由此给PLC一个脉冲信号。磁体和霍尔之间间距3至5mm。安装时注意磁体的正反面。

      好了,测转速就先说这么多。经过以上这些,测得的数据只是放在PLC的内存里,我们可以在软件里监测PLC运行情况,看到这些数据。是不是有点麻烦,有没有更好的方法能看到这些数据?当然,可以用LED数码管来把数据显示出来。

如何用PLC测转速

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