最近管理的一批机器，有个需求是要统一修改一个帐号的用户名密码，比如将qa帐号的密码改为1234，后来还为了脚本化，很方便的执行，还使用了非交互式地修改用户的密码。简单记录一下吧。
1. 交互式配置本地用户的密码：passwd 命令
[root@host_221-81 ~]# passwd qaChanging password for user qa.New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is too shortBAD PASSWORD: is too simpleRetype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
2. 非交互式修改本地用户的密码：chpasswd
# chpasswd命令使用起来很简洁[root@host_221-81 ~]# echo "qa:1234" | chpasswd# 使用passwd命令，也可以实现非交互式修改密码[root@host_221-81 ~]# echo "1234" | passwd --stdin "qa"Changing password for user qa.passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
3. 使用expect来处理交互式输入，从而实现非交互式的密码修改。
#!/bin/sh# \exec expect -f "$0" "$@"if { $argc != 2 } { puts "Usage: $argv0 <username> <passwd>" exit 1}set password [lindex $argv 1]spawn passwd [lindex $argv 0]sleep 1expect "assword:"send "$password\r"expect "assword:"send "$password\r"expect eof
注意：脚本的第二行，这种写法可能比较陌生，这是在TCL语言中的语法，The backslash is recognized as part of a comment to sh, but in Tcl the backslash continues the comment into the next line which keeps the exec command from executing again.
该脚本的执行结果为：
[root@smilejay ~]# ./change-pwd-expect.sh qa 1234spawn passwd qaChanging password for user qa.New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is too shortBAD PASSWORD: is too simpleRetype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
参考资料：http://wiki.tcl.tk/708#pagetoc593413fa
Original article: Linux修改用户密码-交互式与非交互式
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