一：oracle文件权限问题
错误表现：在执行ArcSDE命令操作时，不管是sdesetup或是sdemon报如下错误：
[arcsde@RedHat ~]$ sdemon -o start -p sde-------------------------------------------------------ArcSDE 9.3.1 for Oracle10g Build 1632 Thu Feb 26 12:05:37 2009-------------------------------------------------------DB_open_instance()::db_connect (OCI8) error: 1034init_DB DB_instance_open_as_dba: -51DBMS error code: 1034ORA-01034: ORACLE not availableORA-27123: unable to attach to shared memory segmentLinux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission deniedCould not start ArcSDE -- Check Network, $SDEHOME disk, DBMS settings and dbinit.sde.
解决方法：在Oracle安装完毕之后，在Oracle操作系统用户下，在$ORACLE_HOME/bin文件夹里面有一个文件oracle的权限非常重要，该权限不能进行任意的修改，默认的oracle文件是6751，或者-rwsr-s–x，有些用户喜欢将所有文件修改为最高权限777或者755，觉得这样修改肯定没有权限问题。所以说，在找不到问题解决方法，不妨看看这个文件的权限是否被修改？
[arcsde@RedHat ~]$ su - oraclePassword:[oracle@RedHat ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin[oracle@RedHat bin]$ ll oracle-rwxrwxrwx 1 oracle oinstall 112468376 Sep 5 2011 oracle[oracle@RedHat bin]$ chmod 6751 oracle[oracle@RedHat bin]$ ll oracle-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle oinstall 112468376 Sep 5 2011 oracle[oracle@RedHat bin]$ su - arcsdePassword:[arcsde@RedHat ~]$ sdemon -o start -p sde-------------------------------------------------------ArcSDE 9.3.1 for Oracle10g Build 1632 Thu Feb 26 12:05:37 2009-------------------------------------------------------ST_Geometry Schema Owner: (SDE) Type Release: 1007Instance initialized for ((sde)) . . .Connected to instance . . .DBMS Connection established...RDBMS: "Oracle"Instance Name: "esri_sde"IOMGR Process ID (PID): 2026ArcSDE Instance esri_sde started Sat Jan 5 10:31:14 2013
二：环境变量问题
问题表现：
[arcsde@RedHat bin]$ sdemon -o start -p sdesdemon: error while loading shared libraries: libsde.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
根据上面可以看出，缺少libsde.so文件，我们可以使用ldd命令来查看是否还缺少其他文件
[arcsde@RedHat bin]$ ldd sdemon libsde.so => not found libsg.so => not found libpe.so => not found libXm.so.3 => /usr/lib64/libXm.so.3 (0x00002b6d57d3c000) libXmu.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libXmu.so.6 (0x0000003241e00000) libXp.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libXp.so.6 (0x000000351ce00000) libXt.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libXt.so.6 (0x0000003253800000) libSM.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libSM.so.6 (0x000000324a200000) libICE.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libICE.so.6 (0x000000324ae00000) libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libXext.so.6 (0x0000003244600000) libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libX11.so.6 (0x0000003243200000) libg2c.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libg2c.so.0 (0x00002b6d581de000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00002b6d58400000) libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x0000003241a00000) libstdc++.so.5 => /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.5 (0x00002b6d5861b000) libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x0000003241600000) libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000003241200000) libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x000000324ec00000) libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libXau.so.6 (0x0000003243a00000) libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libXdmcp.so.6 (0x0000003243600000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x0000003240e00000)
但是这些文件是刚安装的，而且也可以查看到有这些文件
[arcsde@RedHat ~]$ find /home/arcsde -name 'libsde.so'/home/arcsde/sdeexe93/lib/libsde.so
这时候，我们就可以看看是否是环境变量的问题
1：环境变量写错了（少分号，半角全角问题）
2：环境变量是否生效
生效环境变量
a：切换操作系统用户
b： . ./.bash_profile(点空格点斜杠点bash_profile)
可以使用echo来查看
[arcsde@RedHat ~]$ echo $PATH/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/home/arcsde/bin:/home/oracle/app/product/10.2.0.4/db_1/bin:/home/arcsde/sdeexe93/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin
3：环境变量引用位置问题
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/binexport PATHexport ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/10.2.0.4/db_1export ORACLE_SID=orclexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$SDEHOME/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/binexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$SDEHOME/lib:$PATH/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/binexport SDEHOME=/home/arcsde/sdeexe93
如上面就是新手比较常见的错误，在PATH引用$SDEHOME的时候已经无法找到相关路径，因为$SDEHOME应该写在PATH前面，如下：
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/binexport PATHexport ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/product/10.2.0.4/db_1export ORACLE_SID=orclexport SDEHOME=/home/arcsde/sdeexe93export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$SDEHOME/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/binexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$SDEHOME/lib:$PATH/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin
三：数据库sde用户权限问题
在ArcSDE创建Schema或者升级Schema时，都需要相关的权限，如果这些权限不够，会出现如下问题：
[arcsde@RedHat ~]$ sdesetup -o install -d oracle10g -p sdeESRI ArcSDE Server Setup Utility Sat Jan 5 11:25:08 2013----------------------------------------------------------------Install or update ArcSDE, GDB schema objects: Are you sure? (Y/N): yCreating ArcSde schema.....Error: Underlying DBMS error (-51).Error: SDE release install not completed. Check SDEHOME\etc\sde_setup.log for more details.[Sat Jan 5 11:08:38 2013] ERROR installing/upgrading ArcSDE, Error = -25[Sat Jan 5 11:12:52 2013] Error: Invalid DBA password (-93).[Sat Jan 5 11:12:52 2013] Error: Unable to connect[Sat Jan 5 11:12:52 2013] ERROR installing/upgrading ArcSDE, Error = -93[Sat Jan 5 11:22:29 2013] DB_open_instance()::db_connect (OCI8) error: 1045[Sat Jan 5 11:22:29 2013] Error: Underlying DBMS error (-51).[Sat Jan 5 11:22:29 2013] Error: Unable to connect[Sat Jan 5 11:22:29 2013] ORA-01045: user SDE lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon denied[Sat Jan 5 11:22:29 2013] ERROR installing/upgrading ArcSDE, Error = -51
一般情况下，权限问题根据错误都比较容易处理，我们需要赋予相关的权限即可，相关安装或者升级的权限如下
grant CREATE SESSION to sde;grant CREATE TABLE to sde;grant CREATE PROCEDURE to sde;grant CREATE SEQUENCE to sde;grant CREATE TRIGGER to sde;grant CREATE TYPE to sde;grant CREATE LIBRARY to sde;grant CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM to sde;grant CREATE OPERATOR to sde;grant CREATE INDEXTYPE to sde;grant DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM to sde;grant UNLIMITED TABLESPACE to sde;grant CREATE VIEW to sde;prompt * SELECT ANY TABLE is required for compressing the databaseprompt * This privilege needs to be granted whenever a compress is run.grant SELECT ANY TABLE to sde;prompt * ADMINISTER DATABASE TRIGGER can be revoked after installgrant ADMINISTER DATABASE TRIGGER to sde;prompt * * * * * * * * * * *prompt * ArcSDE UPGRADE *prompt * * * * * * * * * * *prompt * If upgrading please remove rem from each grant.prompt * Granting the required privileges to the sde user.REM grant ADMINISTER DATABASE TRIGGER to sde;REM grant SELECT ANY TABLE to sde;REM grant SELECT ANY SEQUENCE to sde;REM grant EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE to sde;REM grant ANALYZE ANY to sde;REM grant ALTER ANY INDEX to sde;REM grant ALTER ANY TABLE to sde;REM grant CREATE ANY SEQUENCE to sde;REM grant CREATE ANY TRIGGER to sde;REM grant CREATE ANY INDEX to sde;REM grant CREATE ANY PROCEDURE to sde;REM grant DROP ANY INDEX to sde;REM grant DROP ANY SEQUENCE to sde;REM grant DROP ANY TABLE to sde;REM grant DROP ANY VIEW to sde;REM grant DROP ANY PROCEDURE to sde;
四：执行操作提示：Error: libclntsh.so.10.1（libclntsh.so.11.1）: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
上面的区别就是如果使用oracle10g和11g出错的区别，在执行sdesetup提示
[arcsde@RedHat ~]$ sdesetup -o install -d oracle10g -p sdeESRI ArcSDE Server Setup Utility Sat Jan 5 11:40:59 2013----------------------------------------------------------------Install or update ArcSDE, GDB schema objects: Are you sure? (Y/N): yCreating ArcSde schema.....Error: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directoryError: Server library could not be loaded (-324).Error: SDE release install not completed. Check SDEHOME\etc\sde_setup.log for more details.
libclntsh.so.10.1位于oracle的安装目录中，arcsde没有读取权限造成的，需将/home/oracle/app/oracle目录的读取权限开放给oinstall组（arcsde隶属该组）。
解决方法
[root@RedHat lib]# pwd/home/oracle/app/product/10.2.0.4/db_1/lib[root@RedHat lib]# ll libclntsh.so.10.1-rwx--x--x 1 oracle arcsde 21188381 Sep 5 2011 libclntsh.so.10.1[root@RedHat lib]# chown oracle:oinstall libclntsh.so.10.1[root@RedHat lib]# ll libclntsh.so.10.1-rwx--x--x 1 oracle oinstall 21188381 Sep 5 2011 libclntsh.so.10.1[root@RedHat lib]# chmod 755 libclntsh.so.10.1[root@RedHat lib]#[arcsde@RedHat ~]$ sdesetup -o install -d oracle10g -p sdeESRI ArcSDE Server Setup Utility Sat Jan 5 11:47:43 2013----------------------------------------------------------------Install or update ArcSDE, GDB schema objects: Are you sure? (Y/N): yCreating ArcSde schema.....Successfully created ArcSde schema.Installing locators.....Successfully installed locators.Creating geodatabase schema.....Successfully created GDB schema.Successfully installed ArcSDE components.Refer SDEHOME\etc\sde_setup.log for more details.
五：缺包
表现形式，执行sdesetup报如下错误
"error while loading shared libraries: libXm.so.3: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory"
解决方法：操作系统缺少openmotif22包
六：启动服务报典型的oracle错误
//启动ArcSDE服务时-------------------------------------------------------ArcSDE 10.0 for Oracle11g Build 685 Fri May 14 12:05:43 2010-------------------------------------------------------DB_open_instance()::db_connect (OCI8) error: 28002init_DB DB_instance_open_as_dba: -51DBMS error code: 28002ORA-28002: the password will expire within 7 days==========================================================-------------------------------------------------------ArcSDE 10.0 for Oracle11g Build 685 Fri May 14 12:05:43 2010-------------------------------------------------------init_DB DB_instance_open_as_dba: -93DBMS error code: 1017ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied==========================================================-------------------------------------------------------ArcSDE 9.3 for Oracle10g Build 546 Thu Sep 18 12:35:50 2008-------------------------------------------------------DB_open_instance()::db_connect (OCI8) error: 12560init_DB DB_instance_open_as_dba: -51DBMS error code: 12560ORA-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
上面的错误，都是典型的oracle错误，这些错误根据相关描述可以进行解决。
七：执行sdesetup报：Error: Exceeded system’s maximum number of mutexes (-109).
ESRI ArcSDE Server Setup Utility Wed Dec 29 15:48:59 2010----------------------------------------------------------------Creating ArcSde schema.....Error: Exceeded system's maximum number of mutexes (-109).Error: SDE release install not completed. Check SDEHOME\etc\sde_setup.log for more details.If giomgr is up and running, shutdown and try again.
这个是因为该环境以及有一个ArcSDE服务进行工作，在对创建另外一个ArcSDE实例的时候提示用户需要关闭已经启动的ArcSDE服务
八：执行sdesetup报：0509-022 Cannot load module SDEHOME/lib/libsdeora11gsrvr93_64.so
[sde@wlzx12 bin]$ ./sdesetup -o install -d ORACLE10G -p sde Error 0509-130 Symbol resolution failed for SDEHOME/lib/libsdeora11gsrvr93_64.so because：0509-136 Symbol ras_arg_t (number 294) is not exported from dependent module /ORACLEHOME/lib/libclntsh.so0509-022 Cannot load module SDEHOME/lib/libsdeora11gsrvr93_64.so0509--26 System error：Cannot run a file that does not have a valid format0509-192 Examine .loader div symbols with the 'dump -Tv' commandError：Server library could not be loaded (-324)Error：SDE release install not completed Check SDEHOME\etc\sde_setup.log for more details
这种情况是在AIX机器环境下，oracle11gR2的64Bit，安装ArcSDE9.3.1，如果直接执行sdesetup报上名错误，这需要用户在ArcSDE9.3.1的基础上打上SP2补丁。
九：执行Sdesetup报：Error : bad login user
//ArcSDE9.3.1在Linux 64Bit 创建/升级Schema时出错[sde@wlzx12 bin]$ ./sdesetup -o install -d ORACLE10G -p sde Error : bad login userError：SDE release install not completed Check SDEHOME\etc\sde_setup.log for more details
这种情况下主要是在Linux的64Bit环境下出现的，需要在环境变量上添加LAGN=en_US
问题解决——基础阶段1：ArcSDE软件完全安装2：RDBMS服务、连接3：SDE用户必须赋予权限4：RDBMS SDE用户创建Schema5：ArcSDE目录存在（环境变量指定位置）6：正确的ORACLE_SID(dbinit.sde)7：SDE服务名和端口号（SDE和系统存在、一致）8：Public权限（dbms_pipe、dbms_lock)问题解决——中级阶段1：查看SDE日志文件确定原因2：检查Oracle警报文件(alert files)分析原因3：Windows系统如果SDE服务启动问题，尝试先删除后创建4：利用命令代替界面向导ArcSDE错误信息http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/ArcSDE_error_messages/00050000000s000000/http://edndoc.esri.com/arcsde/9.2/api/capi/returncodes_incl.htm问题解决——高级阶段拨打Esri中国售后电话让专业的工程师解决问题解决——终级解决电脑格式化，重新安装
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不论你在什么时候开始，重要的是开始之後就不要停止
