很多时候我们需要得到linux下面的硬件信息，那么如何得到呢？其实linux给出了多种途径我们看一下每一个命令，以便得到最详细的信息/*二,硬件的查看1,lspci2,dmidecode3,dmesg*/1，查看pci的相关信息先解释一下概念：什么是PCIPeripheral Component Interconnect，外围设备互联，它是计算机上面应用的设备总线（总线，就是bus,是传输数据信号的通道）lspci这个命令默认是已经安装的，如找不到此命令，可以安装pciutils这个包命令举例:lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000X Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev 12)00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 2 (rev 12)00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 3 (rev 12)00:04.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 4-5 (rev 12)00:05.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 5 (rev 12) 00:06.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 6-7 (rev 12)00:07.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 7 (rev 12) 00:10.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12) 00:10.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12) 00:10.2 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12) 00:11.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset Reserved Registers (rev 12) 00:13.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset Reserved Registers (rev 12) 00:15.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FBD Registers (rev 12) 00:16.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FBD Registers (rev 12) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 09)00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #1 (rev 09)00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #2 (rev 09)00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #3 (rev 09)00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #4 (rev 09)00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset EHCI USB2 Controller (rev 09) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev d9) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset LPC Interface Controller (rev 09) 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB IDE Controller (rev 09) 01:00.0 SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic SAS1068E PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS (rev 08)02:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom EPB PCI-Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev c3) 03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 12) 04:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Upstream Port (rev 01) 04:00.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev 01) 05:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Downstream Port E1 (rev 01) 05:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Downstream Port E2 (rev 01) 06:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom EPB PCI-Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev c3) 07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 12) 0e:0d.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc ES1000 (rev 02)
从中看到的信息：Ethernet controller：这个是网卡VGA compatible controller：这个是显卡USB Controller： USB控制器SCSI storage controller： SCSI的存储控制器 说明：如果你感觉这份信息还不够详细，那么可以在后面添加参数，有3个参数可以使用：lspci -v verbose 详细lspci -vv very verbose 很详细lspci -vvv even more verbose 更详细以树结构来显示pci总线：lspci -tv
简单显示：lspci -n00:00.0 0600: 8086:25c0 (rev 12)00:02.0 0604: 8086:25e2 (rev 12)00:03.0 0604: 8086:25e3 (rev 12)00:04.0 0604: 8086:25f8 (rev 12)00:05.0 0604: 8086:25e5 (rev 12)00:06.0 0604: 8086:25f9 (rev 12)00:07.0 0604: 8086:25e7 (rev 12)00:10.0 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12)00:10.1 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12)00:10.2 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12)00:11.0 0600: 8086:25f1 (rev 12)00:13.0 0600: 8086:25f3 (rev 12)00:15.0 0600: 8086:25f5 (rev 12)00:16.0 0600: 8086:25f6 (rev 12)00:1c.0 0604: 8086:2690 (rev 09)00:1d.0 0c03: 8086:2688 (rev 09)00:1d.1 0c03: 8086:2689 (rev 09)00:1d.2 0c03: 8086:268a (rev 09)00:1d.3 0c03: 8086:268b (rev 09)00:1d.7 0c03: 8086:268c (rev 09)00:1e.0 0604: 8086:244e (rev d9)00:1f.0 0601: 8086:2670 (rev 09)00:1f.1 0101: 8086:269e (rev 09)01:00.0 0100: 1000:0058 (rev 08)02:00.0 0604: 1166:0103 (rev c3)03:00.0 0200: 14e4:164c (rev 12)04:00.0 0604: 8086:3500 (rev 01)04:00.3 0604: 8086:350c (rev 01)05:00.0 0604: 8086:3510 (rev 01)05:01.0 0604: 8086:3514 (rev 01)06:00.0 0604: 1166:0103 (rev c3)07:00.0 0200: 14e4:164c (rev 12)0e:0d.0 0300: 1002:515e (rev 02)显示其中的某一项：lspci -d 14e4:164c -vvv2,查看cpu的信息cat /proc/cpuinfo
有几颗CPU？ cat /proc/cpuinfo ｜ grep physical id
[root@dev ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'physical id'physical id : 0physical id : 0physical id : 0physical id : 0如果physical id相同，表示这是一颗4核心的CPU
查看CPU的生产商和型号:查看生产商：cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'vendor_id'查看型号：cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name'查看频率：cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'cpu MHz'查看核心的数量：cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'cpu cores'
3,查看内存的信息：[root@dev ~]# free -mtotal used free shared buffers cachedMem: 4048 1708 2339 0 164 1464-/+ buffers/cache: 80 3967Swap: 1983 0 1983说明： -m参数，以M字节（megabytes）为单位查看内存大小，上面的例子中我们可以看到，内存的总大小是4048M，也就是4G
想看到更详细的内存信息？dmidecode -t memory# dmidecode 2.7 SMBIOS 2.5 present. Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 15 bytes.Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or MotherboardUse: System Memory Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC Maximum Capacity: 32 GB Error Information Handle: Not ProvidedNumber Of Devices: 8 Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not ProvidedTotal Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 1024 MB Form Factor: Set: 1 Locator: DIMM1 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns) Manufacturer: 830B8089830B Serial Number: E2940445 Asset Tag: 110818 Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C Handle 0x1101, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not ProvidedTotal Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 1024 MB Form Factor: Set: 1 Locator: DIMM2 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns) Manufacturer: 830B8089830B Serial Number: BB9C0441 Asset Tag: 110818 Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C Handle 0x1102, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not ProvidedTotal Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 1024 MB Form Factor: Set: 2 Locator: DIMM3 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns) Manufacturer: 830B8089830B Serial Number: 39A10445 Asset Tag: 110818 Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C Handle 0x1103, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not ProvidedTotal Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 1024 MB Form Factor: Set: 2 Locator: DIMM4 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns) Manufacturer: 830B8089830B Serial Number: BA9A0442 Asset Tag: 110818 Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C Handle 0x1104, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not ProvidedTotal Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: Set: 3 Locator: DIMM5 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Serial Number: Asset Tag: Part Number: Handle 0x1105, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not ProvidedTotal Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: Set: 3 Locator: DIMM6 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Serial Number: Asset Tag: Part Number: Handle 0x1106, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.Memory Device Array Handle: 0x1000 Error Information Handle: Not ProvidedTotal Width: 72 bitsData Width: 64 bitsSize: No Module InstalledForm Factor: Set: 4Locator: DIMM7Bank Locator: Not SpecifiedType: Type Detail: SynchronousSpeed: UnknownManufacturer:Serial Number:Asset Tag:Part Number:Handle 0x1107, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.Memory DeviceArray Handle: 0x1000Error Information Handle: Not ProvidedTotal Width: 72 bitsData Width: 64 bitsSize: No Module InstalledForm Factor: Set: 4Locator: DIMM8Bank Locator: Not SpecifiedType: Type Detail: SynchronousSpeed: UnknownManufacturer:Serial Number:Asset Tag:Part Number:从上面我们可以看到有4条1G的内存被安装在前4条内存插槽上，而locator从DIMM5－DIMM8是空着的前四条内存的型号为：Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C生产商的ID是：Manufacturer: 830B8089830B
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