浅谈Linux系统的启动流程 – DBA

Linux系统的启动时通过读取不同的配置文件,执行相应的Shell脚本完成的。当然本文只是简单的从文件的角度分析,更深层次的本文没涉及。

主要读取了以下文件:

/boot/grub/grub.conf

/etc/inittab

/etc/rc5.d(rc.d) 0-99 Seq

/etc/passwd (Login,input username and password)

/etc/shadow

/etc/profile:init the env var of user

/etc/profile.d/*.sh

~/.bash_profile

~/.bash_history

~/.bashrc

/etc/bashrc

我们首先来看grub.conf文件

[root@larrywen grub]# ll menu.lst lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11  7o?=o?= 19 10:52 menu.lst -> ./grub.conf[root@larrywen grub]# pwd/boot/grubgrub.conf文件内容:default=0timeout=5splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gzhiddenmenutitle Red Hat Enterprise Linux (2.6.32-220.el6.i686)         root (hd0,0)         kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.el6.i686 roroot=UUID=ed98469d-857b-4ae5-91e4-118e0167ead7 rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVMLANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD quiet SYSFONT=lat    arcyrheb-sun16 rhgbcrashkernel=auto  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM         initrd /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-220.el6.i686.img

执行runlevel命令可以看到启动级别是5

[root@larrywen grub]# runlevelN 5

我们进入etc目录,可以看到很多rcX.d目录

[root@larrywen grub]# cd /etc/init.d[root@larrywen init.d]# cd /etc[root@larrywen etc]# cd rcrc          rc0.d/      rc1.d/      rc2.d/      rc3.d/      rc4.d/      rc5.d/rc6.d/      rc.d/       rc.local    rc.sysinit  

我们进入/etc/profile.d目录,可以看到很多可执行脚本

[root@localhost test]# ll /etc/profile.d/*.sh-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1143 Apr 28  2010 /etc/profile.d/colorls.sh-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   78 Apr 21  2010 /etc/profile.d/cvs.sh-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  192 Dec 12  2005 /etc/profile.d/glib2.sh-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   70 Aug 12  2010 /etc/profile.d/gnome-ssh-askpass.sh-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  288 Sep 24  2009 /etc/profile.d/kde.sh-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2706 Sep  2  2010 /etc/profile.d/lang.sh-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  108 Feb  7  2007 /etc/profile.d/less.sh-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  933 Jun 30  2010 /etc/profile.d/qt.sh-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2142 Sep  8  2010 /etc/profile.d/udisks-bash-completion.sh-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  269 May 19  2010 /etc/profile.d/vim.sh-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  169 May 20  2009 /etc/profile.d/which2.sh

因为启动级别是5,所以我们进入rc5.d,可以看到很多文件,S表示当系统启动时执行,K表示当系统关闭时执行。

[root@localhost grub]# ll /etc/rc5.d/K01certmonger       K50netconsole       K75ntpdate          K89rdisc            S11auditd           S24avahi-daemon     S26pcscd            S82abrtdK01smartd           K50snmpd            K76ipsec            K95cgconfig         S11portreserve      S24nfslock          S26udev-post        S85qpiddK02oddjobd          K50snmptrapd        K80kdump            K95firstboot        S12rsyslog          S24openct           S28autofs           S90crondK10psacct           K50vsftpd           K80sblim-sfcb       S00microcode_ctl    S13cpuspeed         S24rpcgssd          S30vboxadd          S95atdK10saslauthd        K60nfs              K80sssd             S01sysstat          S13irqbalance       S24rpcidmapd        S30vboxadd-x11      S97rhnsdK15httpd            K69rpcsvcgssd       K84wpa_supplicant   S02lvm2-monitor     S13rpcbind          S25cups             S35vboxadd-service  S98tog-pegasusK20tomcat6          K73ypbind           K86cgred            S08ip6tables        S15mdmonitor        S25netfs            S50bluetooth        S99localK36mysqld           K74nscd             K87restorecond      S08iptables         S22messagebus       S26acpid            S55sshd             K50dnsmasq          K74ntpd             K88nslcd            S10network          S23NetworkManager   S26haldaemon        S80postfix    

我们再来看看用户主目录下的.bashrc文件内容

[root@localhost grub]# cat ~/.bashrc # .bashrc# User specific aliases and functionsalias rm='rm -i'alias cp='cp -i'alias mv='mv -i'# Source global definitionsif [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then. /etc/bashrcfi

我们再来看看用户主目录下的.bash_profile文件内容

[root@localhost grub]# cat ~/.bash_profile # .bash_profile# Get the aliases and functionsif [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then. ~/.bashrcfi# User specific environment and startup programsPATH=$PATH:$HOME/binexport PATH

完整的流程图如下图:

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浅谈Linux系统的启动流程 – DBA

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