SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则，由它来控制信件的中转方式。python的smtplib提供了一种很方便的途径发送电子邮件。它对smtp协议进行了简单的封装。Python创建 SMTP 对象语法如下：
import smtplibsmtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )
参数说明：host: SMTP 服务器主机。 你可以指定主机的ip地址或者域名如:w3cschool.cc，这个是可选参数。port: 如果你提供了 host 参数, 你需要指定 SMTP 服务使用的端口号，一般情况下SMTP端口号为25。local_hostname: 如果SMTP在你的本机上，你只需要指定服务器地址为 localhost 即可。Python SMTP对象使用sendmail方法发送邮件，语法如下：
SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]
参数说明：from_addr: 邮件发送者地址。to_addrs: 字符串列表，邮件发送地址。msg: 发送消息这里要注意一下第三个参数，msg是字符串，表示邮件。我们知道邮件一般由标题，发信人，收件人，邮件内容，附件等构成，发送邮件的时候，要注意msg的格式。这个格式就是smtp协议中定义的格式。实例以下是一个使用Python发送邮件简单的实例：
#!/usr/bin/pythonimport smtplibsender = 'from@fromdomain.com'receivers = ['to@todomain.com']message = """From: From Person <from@fromdomain.com>To: To Person <to@todomain.com>Subject: SMTP e-mail testThis is a test e-mail message."""try: smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message) print "Successfully sent email"except SMTPException: print "Error: unable to send email"
使用Python发送HTML格式的邮件Python发送HTML格式的邮件与发送纯文本消息的邮件不同之处就是将MIMEText中_subtype设置为html。具体代码如下：
import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText mailto_list=["YYY@YYY.com"] mail_host="smtp.XXX.com" #设置服务器mail_user="XXX" #用户名mail_pass="XXXX" #口令 mail_postfix="XXX.com" #发件箱的后缀 def send_mail(to_list,sub,content): #to_list：收件人；sub：主题；content：邮件内容 me="hello"+"<"+mail_user+"@"+mail_postfix+">" #这里的hello可以任意设置，收到信后，将按照设置显示 msg = MIMEText(content,_subtype='html',_charset='gb2312') #创建一个实例，这里设置为html格式邮件 msg['Subject'] = sub #设置主题 msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) try: s = smtplib.SMTP() s.connect(mail_host) #连接smtp服务器 s.login(mail_user,mail_pass) #登陆服务器 s.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) #发送邮件 s.close() return True except Exception, e: print str(e) return False if __name__ == '__main__': if send_mail(mailto_list,"hello","<a href='http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi'>小五义</a>"): print("发送成功") else: print("发送失败")
或者你也可以在消息体中指定Content-type为text/html,如下实例：
#!/usr/bin/pythonimport smtplibmessage = """From: From Person <from@fromdomain.com>To: To Person <to@todomain.com>MIME-Version: 1.0Content-type: text/htmlSubject: SMTP HTML e-mail testThis is an e-mail message to be sent in HTML format<b>This is HTML message.</b><h1>This is headline.</h1>"""try: smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message) print("Successfully sent email")except SMTPException: print("Error: unable to send email")
Python发送带附件的邮件发送带附件的邮件，首先要创建MIMEMultipart()实例，然后构造附件，如果有多个附件，可依次构造，最后利用smtplib.smtp发送。
from email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartimport smtplib#创建一个带附件的实例msg = MIMEMultipart()#构造附件1att1 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.rar', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.doc"'#这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字msg.attach(att1)#构造附件2att2 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.txt"'msg.attach(att2)#加邮件头msg['to'] = 'YYY@YYY.com'msg['from'] = 'XXX@XXX.com'msg['subject'] = 'hello world'#发送邮件try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect('smtp.XXX.com') server.login('XXX','XXXXX')#XXX为用户名，XXXXX为密码 server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg['to'],msg.as_string()) server.quit() print '发送成功'except Exception, e: print(str(e))
以下实例指定了Content-type header 为 multipart/mixed，并发送/tmp/test.txt 文本文件：
#!/usr/bin/pythonimport smtplibimport base64filename = "/tmp/test.txt"# 读取文件内容并使用 base64 编码fo = open(filename, "rb")filecontent = fo.read()encodedcontent = base64.b64encode(filecontent) # base64sender = 'webmaster@tutorialpoint.com'reciever = 'amrood.admin@gmail.com'marker = "AUNIQUEMARKER"body ="""This is a test email to send an attachement."""# 定义头部信息part1 = """From: From Person <me@fromdomain.net>To: To Person <amrood.admin@gmail.com>Subject: Sending AttachementMIME-Version: 1.0Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=%s--%s""" % (marker, marker)# 定义消息动作part2 = """Content-Type: text/plainContent-Transfer-Encoding:8bit%s--%s""" % (body,marker)# 定义附近部分part3 = """Content-Type: multipart/mixed; name=\"%s\"Content-Transfer-Encoding:base64Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=%s%s--%s--""" %(filename, filename, encodedcontent, marker)message = part1 + part2 + part3try: smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') smtpObj.sendmail(sender, reciever, message) print("Successfully sent email")except Exception: print("Error: unable to send email")
如果感兴趣的朋友可以继续参考下面的文章。与其在那里苦苦挣扎，碍于面子硬撑，倒不如微笑着面对，
