前言pymsql是Python中操作MySQL的模块，其使用方法和MySQLdb几乎相同。但目前pymysql支持python3.x而后者不支持3.x版本。本文测试python版本：2.7.11。mysql版本：5.6.24一、安装
pip3 install pymysql
二、使用操作1、执行SQL
#!/usr/bin/env pytho# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import pymysql # 创建连接conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1', charset='utf8')# 创建游标cursor = conn.cursor() # 执行SQL，并返回收影响行数effect_row = cursor.execute("select * from tb7") # 执行SQL，并返回受影响行数#effect_row = cursor.execute("update tb7 set pass = '123' where nid = %s", (11,)) # 执行SQL，并返回受影响行数,执行多次#effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)", [("u1","u1pass","11111"),("u2","u2pass","22222")]) # 提交，不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据conn.commit() # 关闭游标cursor.close()# 关闭连接conn.close()
注意：存在中文的时候，连接需要添加charset=’utf8’，否则中文显示乱码。2、获取查询数据
#! /usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# __author__ = "TKQ"import pymysqlconn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')cursor = conn.cursor()cursor.execute("select * from tb7")# 获取剩余结果的第一行数据row_1 = cursor.fetchone()print row_1# 获取剩余结果前n行数据# row_2 = cursor.fetchmany(3)# 获取剩余结果所有数据# row_3 = cursor.fetchall()conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()
3、获取新创建数据自增ID可以获取到最新自增的ID，也就是最后插入的一条数据ID
#! /usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# __author__ = "TKQ"import pymysqlconn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')cursor = conn.cursor()effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)", [("u3","u3pass","11113"),("u4","u4pass","22224")])conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()#获取自增idnew_id = cursor.lastrowid print new_id
4、移动游标操作都是靠游标，那对游标的控制也是必须的
注：在fetch数据时按照顺序进行，可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)来移动游标位置，如：cursor.scroll(1,mode='relative') # 相对当前位置移动cursor.scroll(2,mode='absolute') # 相对绝对位置移动
5、fetch数据类型关于默认获取的数据是元祖类型，如果想要或者字典类型的数据，即：
#! /usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# __author__ = "TKQ"import pymysqlconn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')#游标设置为字典类型cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)cursor.execute("select * from tb7")row_1 = cursor.fetchone()print row_1 #{u'licnese': 213, u'user': '123', u'nid': 10, u'pass': '213'}conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()
6、调用存储过程a、调用无参存储过程
#! /usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# __author__ = "TKQ"import pymysqlconn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')#游标设置为字典类型cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)#无参数存储过程cursor.callproc('p2') #等价于cursor.execute("call p2()")row_1 = cursor.fetchone()print row_1conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()
b、调用有参存储过程
#! /usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# __author__ = "TKQ"import pymysqlconn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)cursor.callproc('p1', args=(1, 22, 3, 4))#获取执行完存储的参数,参数@开头cursor.execute("select @p1,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3") #{u'@_p1_1': 22, u'@p1': None, u'@_p1_2': 103, u'@_p1_3': 24}row_1 = cursor.fetchone()print row_1conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()
三、关于pymysql防注入 1、字符串拼接查询，造成注入正常查询语句：
#! /usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# __author__ = "TKQ"import pymysqlconn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')cursor = conn.cursor()user="u1"passwd="u1pass"#正常构造语句的情况sql="select user,pass from tb7 where user='%s' and pass='%s'" % (user,passwd)#sql=select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1' and pass='u1pass'row_count=cursor.execute(sql) row_1 = cursor.fetchone()print row_count,row_1conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()
构造注入语句：
#! /usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# __author__ = "TKQ"import pymysqlconn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')cursor = conn.cursor()user="u1' or '1'-- "passwd="u1pass"sql="select user,pass from tb7 where user='%s' and pass='%s'" % (user,passwd)#拼接语句被构造成下面这样，永真条件，此时就注入成功了。因此要避免这种情况需使用pymysql提供的参数化查询。#select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1' or '1'-- ' and pass='u1pass'row_count=cursor.execute(sql)row_1 = cursor.fetchone()print row_count,row_1conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()
2、避免注入，使用pymysql提供的参数化语句正常参数化查询
#! /usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# __author__ = "TKQ"import pymysqlconn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')cursor = conn.cursor()user="u1"passwd="u1pass"#执行参数化查询row_count=cursor.execute("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd))row_1 = cursor.fetchone()print row_count,row_1conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()
构造注入，参数化查询注入失败。
#! /usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# __author__ = "TKQ"import pymysqlconn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')cursor = conn.cursor()user="u1' or '1'-- "passwd="u1pass"#执行参数化查询row_count=cursor.execute("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd))#内部执行参数化生成的SQL语句，对特殊字符进行了加\转义，避免注入语句生成。# sql=cursor.mogrify("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd))# print sql#select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1\' or '1\'-- ' and pass='u1pass'被转义的语句。row_1 = cursor.fetchone()print row_count,row_1conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()
结论：excute执行SQL语句的时候，必须使用参数化的方式，否则必然产生SQL注入漏洞。3、使用存mysql储过程动态执行SQL防注入使用MYSQL存储过程自动提供防注入，动态传入SQL到存储过程执行语句。
delimiter \\DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS proc_sql \\CREATE PROCEDURE proc_sql ( in nid1 INT, in nid2 INT, in callsql VARCHAR(255) )BEGIN set @nid1 = nid1; set @nid2 = nid2; set @callsql = callsql; PREPARE myprod FROM @callsql;-- PREPARE prod FROM 'select * from tb2 where nid>? and nid<?'; 传入的值为字符串，？为占位符-- 用@p1，和@p2填充占位符 EXECUTE myprod USING @nid1,@nid2; DEALLOCATE prepare myprod;END\\delimiter ;
set @nid1=12;set @nid2=15;set @callsql = 'select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid<?';CALL proc_sql(@nid1,@nid2,@callsql)
pymsql中调用
#! /usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# __author__ = "TKQ"import pymysqlconn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')cursor = conn.cursor()mysql="select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid<?"cursor.callproc('proc_sql', args=(11, 15, mysql))rows = cursor.fetchall()print rows #((12, 'u1', 'u1pass', 11111), (13, 'u2', 'u2pass', 22222), (14, 'u3', 'u3pass', 11113))conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()
四、使用with简化连接过程每次都连接关闭很麻烦，使用上下文管理，简化连接过程
#! /usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# __author__ = "TKQ"import pymysqlimport contextlib#定义上下文管理器，连接后自动关闭连接@contextlib.contextmanagerdef mysql(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1',charset='utf8'): conn = pymysql.connect(host=host, port=port, user=user, passwd=passwd, db=db, charset=charset) cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) try: yield cursor finally: conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()# 执行sqlwith mysql() as cursor: print(cursor) row_count = cursor.execute("select * from tb7") row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_count, row_1
总结以上就是关于Python中pymysql模块的全部内容，希望对大家学习或使用python能有一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流。经验是由痛苦中粹取出来的
