python怎么判断数据类型

python的数据类型有:数字(int)、浮点(float)、字符串(str),列表(list)、元组(tuple)、字典(dict)、集合(set)。

一般通过以下方法进行判断:

1、isinstance(参数1,参数2)

描述:该函数用来判断一个变量(参数1)是否是已知的变量类型(参数2) 类似于type()

参数1:变量

参数2:可以是直接或间接类名、基本类型或者由它们组成的元组。

返回值: 如果对象的类型与参数二的类型(classinfo)相同则返回True,否则返回False。

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例子:

#判断变量类型的函数def typeof(variate):    type=None    if isinstance(variate,int):       type = "int"    elif isinstance(variate,str):      type = "str"   elif isinstance(variate,float):     type = "float"   elif isinstance(variate,list):       type = "list"   elif isinstance(variate,tuple):       type = "tuple"   elif isinstance(variate,dict):       type = "dict"   elif isinstance(variate,set):       type = "set"    return type# 返回变量类型def getType(variate):    arr = {"int":"整数","float":"浮点","str":"字符串","list":"列表","tuple":"元组","dict":"字典","set":"集合"}    vartype = typeof(variate)    if not (vartype in arr):        return "未知类型"    return arr[vartype]    #判断变量是否为整数money=120print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money)))#判断变量是否为字符串money="120"print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money)))money=12.3print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money)))#判断变量是否为列表students=['studentA']print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students)))#判断变量是否为元组students=('studentA','studentB')print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students)))#判断变量是否为字典dictory={"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"}print("{0}是{1}".format(dictory,getType(dictory)))#判断变量是否为集合apple={"apple1","apple2"}print("{0}是{1}".format(apple,getType(apple)))

返回:

2、通过与已知类型的常量进行比较

例子:

#判断变量类型的函数  def typeof(variate):    type1 = ""    if type(variate) == type(1):        type1 = "int"    elif type(variate) == type("str"):        type1 = "str"    elif type(variate) == type(12.3):        type1 = "float"    elif type(variate) == type([1]):        type1 = "list"    elif type(variate) == type(()):        type1 = "tuple"    elif type(variate) == type({"key1":"123"}):        type1 = "dict"    elif type(variate) == type({"key1"}):        type1 = "set"    return type1#返回变量类型  def getType(variate):    arr = {"int":"整数","float":"浮点","str":"字符串","list":"列表","tuple":"元组","dict":"字典","set":"集合"}    vartype = typeof(variate)    if not (vartype in arr):        return "未知类型"    return arr[vartype]    #判断变量是否为整数money=120print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money)))#判断变量是否为字符串money="120"print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money)))money=12.3print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money)))#判断变量是否为列表students=['studentA']print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students)))#判断变量是否为元组students=('studentA','studentB')print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students)))#判断变量是否为字典dictory={"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"}print("{0}是{1}".format(dictory,getType(dictory)))#判断变量是否为集合apple={"apple1","apple2"}print("{0}是{1}".format(apple,getType(apple)))

返回:

isinstance() 与 type() 区别:

type() 不会认为子类是一种父类类型,不考虑继承关系。

isinstance() 会认为子类是一种父类类型,考虑继承关系。

如果要判断两个类型是否相同推荐使用 isinstance()。

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