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springboot 对新人来说可能上手比springmvc要快，但是对于各位从springmvc转战到springboot的话，有些地方还需要适应下，尤其是xml配置。我个人是比较喜欢注解?xml是因为看着方便，查找方便，清晰明了。但是xml完全可以使用注解代替，今天就扒一扒springboot中事务使用注解的玩法。
springboot的事务也主要分为两大类，一是xml声明式事务，二是注解事务，注解事务也可以实现类似声明式事务的方法，关于注解声明式事务，目前网上搜索不到合适的资料，所以在这里，我将自己查找和总结的几个方法写到这里，大家共同探讨
springboot 之 xml事务
可以使用 @ImportResource(“classpath:transaction.xml”)引入该xml的配置，xml的配置如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"> <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property> </bean> <tx:advice id="cftxAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="query*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method> <tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method> <tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" ></tx:method> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="allManagerMethod" expression="execution (* com.exmaple.fm..service.*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="allManagerMethod" order="0" /> </aop:config></beans>
springboot 启动类如下：
package com.example.fm;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;@ImportResource("classpath:transaction.xml")@SpringBootApplicationpublic class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); }}
启动后即可开启事务，不过项目里导入了xml配置，如果不想导入xml配置，可以使用注解的方式。
springboot 之 注解事务
注解事务讲解之前，需要先了解下spring创建代理的几个类,在spring内部，是通过BeanPostProcessor来完成自动创建代理工作的。BeanPostProcessor接口的实现只是在ApplicationContext初始化的时候才会自动加载，而普通的BeanFactory只能通过编程的方式调用之。根据 匹配规则的不同大致分为三种类别：
a、匹配Bean的名称自动创建匹配到的Bean的代理，实现类BeanNameAutoProxyCreator
<bean id="testInterceptor" class="com.example.service.config.testInerceptor”></bean><bean id="profileAutoProxyCreator" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyProxyCreator"><bean><property name="beanNames"><list><value>*Service</value></list></property><property name="interceptorNames"><value> testInterceptor </value></property></bean>
b、根据Bean中的AspectJ注解自动创建代理，实现类AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/><bean id="annotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest" class="com.example.service.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest"/><aop:config> <aop:aspect ref="annotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest"> <aop:around method="process" pointcut="execution (* com.example.service.fm..*.*(..))"/> </aop:aspect></aop:config>
c、根据Advisor的匹配机制自动创建代理，会对容器中所有的Advisor进行扫描，自动将这些切面应用到匹配的Bean中，实现类DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
接下来开讲注解开启事务的方法：
1、Transactional注解事务
需要在进行事物管理的方法上添加注解@Transactional，或者偷懒的话直接在类上面添加该注解，使得所有的方法都进行事物的管理，但是依然需要在需要事务管理的类上都添加，工作量比较大，这里只是简单说下，具体的可以google或者bing
2、注解声明式事务
Component或Configuration中bean的区别，有时间我会专门写一篇来讲解下
a.方式1，这里使用Component或Configuration事务都可以生效
package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;import java.util.Collections;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;import org.springframework.aop.Advisor;import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcut;import org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RollbackRuleAttribute;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RuleBasedTransactionAttribute;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;/** * Created by guozp on 2017/8/28. */@Aspect//@Component 事务依然生效@Configurationpublic class TxAdviceInterceptor { private static final int TX_METHOD_TIMEOUT = 5; private static final String AOP_POINTCUT_EXPRESSION = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))"; @Autowired private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager; @Bean public TransactionInterceptor txAdvice() { NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource source = new NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource(); /*只读事务，不做更新操作*/ RuleBasedTransactionAttribute readOnlyTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(); readOnlyTx.setReadOnly(true); readOnlyTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED ); /*当前存在事务就使用当前事务，当前不存在事务就创建一个新的事务*/ RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(); requiredTx.setRollbackRules( Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class))); requiredTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED); requiredTx.setTimeout(TX_METHOD_TIMEOUT); Map<String, TransactionAttribute> txMap = new HashMap<>(); txMap.put("add*", requiredTx); txMap.put("save*", requiredTx); txMap.put("insert*", requiredTx); txMap.put("update*", requiredTx); txMap.put("delete*", requiredTx); txMap.put("get*", readOnlyTx); txMap.put("query*", readOnlyTx); source.setNameMap( txMap ); TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, source); return txAdvice; } @Bean public Advisor txAdviceAdvisor() { AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut(); pointcut.setExpression(AOP_POINTCUT_EXPRESSION); return new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(pointcut, txAdvice()); //return new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(pointcut, txAdvice); }}
b.方式1，这里使用Component或Configuration事务都可以生效
package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;import java.util.Collections;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RollbackRuleAttribute;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RuleBasedTransactionAttribute;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttributeSource;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;/** * Created by guozp on 2017/8/29. *///@Component 事务依然生效@Configurationpublic class TxAnoConfig { /*事务拦截类型*/ @Bean("txSource") public TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource(){ NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource source = new NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource(); /*只读事务，不做更新操作*/ RuleBasedTransactionAttribute readOnlyTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(); readOnlyTx.setReadOnly(true); readOnlyTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED ); /*当前存在事务就使用当前事务，当前不存在事务就创建一个新的事务*/ //RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(); //requiredTx.setRollbackRules( // Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class))); //requiredTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED); RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class))); requiredTx.setTimeout(5); Map<String, TransactionAttribute> txMap = new HashMap<>(); txMap.put("add*", requiredTx); txMap.put("save*", requiredTx); txMap.put("insert*", requiredTx); txMap.put("update*", requiredTx); txMap.put("delete*", requiredTx); txMap.put("get*", readOnlyTx); txMap.put("query*", readOnlyTx); source.setNameMap( txMap ); return source; } /**切面拦截规则 参数会自动从容器中注入*/ @Bean public AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor(TransactionInterceptor txInterceptor){ AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor = new AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor(); pointcutAdvisor.setAdvice(txInterceptor); pointcutAdvisor.setExpression("execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))"); return pointcutAdvisor; } /*事务拦截器*/ @Bean("txInterceptor") TransactionInterceptor getTransactionInterceptor(PlatformTransactionManager tx){ return new TransactionInterceptor(tx , transactionAttributeSource()) ; }}
c.方式1，这里使用Component或Configuration事务都可以生效
package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;import java.util.Properties;import org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;/** * Created by guozp on 2017/8/28. * *///@Component@Configurationpublic class TxConfigBeanName { @Autowired private DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager; // 创建事务通知 @Bean(name = "txAdvice") public TransactionInterceptor getAdvisor() throws Exception { Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly"); properties.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly"); properties.setProperty("save*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly"); properties.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly"); properties.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly"); TransactionInterceptor tsi = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager,properties); return tsi; } @Bean public BeanNameAutoProxyCreator txProxy() { BeanNameAutoProxyCreator creator = new BeanNameAutoProxyCreator(); creator.setInterceptorNames("txAdvice"); creator.setBeanNames("*Service", "*ServiceImpl"); creator.setProxyTargetClass(true); return creator; }}
d.方式1，这里使用Component或Configuration并不是所有事务都可以生效，例如Configuration的时候如果打开注释部分的而且不把代码都移动到defaultPointcutAdvisor()，事物会失效，具体原因暂时不明，如果各位有明白的，可以指点我下。
ackage com.alibaba.fm9.config;import java.util.Properties;import javax.sql.DataSource;import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcut;import org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;/** * Created by guozp on 2017/8/28. * ??????? */@Configuration //事务失效,都移动到一个方法不失效//@Component // 事务可行，不用都移动到一个方法public class TxOtherConfigDefaultBean { public static final String transactionExecution = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))"; @Autowired private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager; //@Bean //@ConditionalOnMissingBean //public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() { // return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource); //} @Bean public TransactionInterceptor transactionInterceptor() { Properties attributes = new Properties(); attributes.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); attributes.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); attributes.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); attributes.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); //TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager(), attributes); TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, attributes); return txAdvice; } //@Bean //public AspectJExpressionPointcut aspectJExpressionPointcut(){ // AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut(); // pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution); // return pointcut; //} @Bean public DefaultPointcutAdvisor defaultPointcutAdvisor(){ //AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut(); //pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution); //DefaultPointcutAdvisor advisor = new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(); //advisor.setPointcut(pointcut); //advisor.setAdvice(transactionInterceptor()); AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut(); pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution); DefaultPointcutAdvisor advisor = new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(); advisor.setPointcut(pointcut); Properties attributes = new Properties(); attributes.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); attributes.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); attributes.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); attributes.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception"); TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, attributes); advisor.setAdvice(txAdvice); return advisor; }}
简单来说，springboot使用上述注解的几种方式开启事物，可以达到和xml中声明的同样效果，但是却告别了xml，使你的代码远离配置文件。
如果有错误的地方，望各位指正。如有其它问题，可以联系
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来说是非者，便是是非人。
