本篇文章主要介绍了Java selenium处理极验滑动验证码示例，小编觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，也给大家做个参考。一起跟随小编过来看看吧
要爬取一个网站遇到了极验的验证码，这周都在想着怎么破解这个，网上搜了好多知乎上看到有人问了这问题，我按照这思路去大概实现了一下。
1.使用htmlunit（这种方式我没成功，模拟鼠标拖拽后轨迹没生成,可以跳过）
我用的是java,我首先先想到了用直接用htmlunit，我做了点初始化
private void initWebClient() { if (webClient != null) { return; } webClient = new WebClient(BrowserVersion.FIREFOX_24); webClient.getOptions().setProxyConfig(new ProxyConfig("127.0.0.1",8888)); webClient.getOptions().setActiveXNative(true); webClient.getOptions().setUseInsecureSSL(true); // 配置证书 webClient.getOptions().setJavaScriptEnabled(true); webClient.getOptions().setCssEnabled(true); webClient.setCssErrorHandler(new SilentCssErrorHandler()); webClient.getOptions().setThrowExceptionOnScriptError(false); webClient.getOptions().setThrowExceptionOnFailingStatusCode(false); CookieManager cookieManager = new CookieManager(); List<org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie> httpCookies = client.getCookies();//其方式获取的cookie for (org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie cookie : httpCookies) { cookieManager.addCookie(new com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.util.Cookie(cookie)); } webClient.setCookieManager(cookieManager); }
初始化代理，cookie..然后就能正常调用了
HtmlPage page = webClient.getPage("http://www.qixin.com/login");//企信宝gePageInfor(page);
下面就是我获取图片，还原图片并且模拟拖拽，（这里我觉得是有些问题的，可能是拖拽我模拟的不对导致触发的js并没有生成正确的轨迹，还请大家帮忙看看哪里错了）
private void gePageInfor(HtmlPage page) { String[] img_slice={"p", "class", "gt_cut_fullbg_slice"}; String[] img_bg_slice={"p", "class", "gt_cut_bg_slice"}; Htmlpision p = (Htmlpision) page.getElementById("captcha"); int deCAPTCHA = 0; try { byte[] img_slice_binary = client.get(getImgUrl(img_slice, p, true)).getBinary();//获取图片byte byte[] img_bg_slice_binary = client.get(getImgUrl(img_bg_slice, p, false)).getBinary(); //获取还原后的图片 BufferedImage geetestImg = ImgTest.getGeetestImg(img_slice_binary, ImgTest.imgArray); BufferedImage geetestImg2 = ImgTest.getGeetestImg(img_bg_slice_binary, ImgTest.imgArray); //获得图片移动位置（目前还有问题，需改用第三方图片识别） deCAPTCHA =ImgTest.deCAPTCHA(geetestImg,geetestImg2); System.out.println(deCAPTCHA); } catch (IOException | FetchException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Htmlpision p_slider_knob = get_p_slider_knob(page,"gt_slider_knob gt_show");//获取要移动p HtmlPage mouseOver = (HtmlPage) p_slider_knob.mouseOver(); HtmlPage mouseDownPage = (HtmlPage)p_slider_knob.mouseDown(); p_slider_knob = get_p_slider_knob(mouseDownPage,"gt_slider_knob gt_show moving"); mouseMoveX(deCAPTCHA, p_slider_knob, mouseDownPage); HtmlPage newPage =(HtmlPage)p_slider_knob.mouseOver();// newPage =(HtmlPage)p_slider_knob.mouseDown(); System.out.println(newPage.asXml()); p = (Htmlpision)newPage.getElementById("captcha"); HtmlElement htmlElement = p.getElementsByAttribute("p", "class", "gt_slice gt_show moving").get(0); System.out.println(htmlElement); newPage =(HtmlPage)p_slider_knob.mouseUp();//触发js,轨迹没有生成 System.out.println("---------------"); System.out.println(newPage.asXml()); if (newPage.getElementById("captcha")!=null) {//错误重试 //gePageInfor(newPage); } } private void mouseMoveX(int deCAPTCHA, Htmlpision p_slider_knob, HtmlPage mouseDown) { MouseEvent mouseEvent = new MouseEvent(p_slider_knob, MouseEvent.TYPE_MOUSE_MOVE, false, false, false, MouseEvent.BUTTON_LEFT); mouseEvent.setClientX( mouseEvent.getClientX()+((deCAPTCHA!=0)?deCAPTCHA:99)); //移动x坐标 ScriptResult scriptResult = mouseDown.getDocumentElement().fireEvent(mouseEvent); } private Htmlpision get_p_slider_knob(HtmlPage page,String classString) { return (Htmlpision)(((Htmlpision) page.getElementById("captcha")).getElementsByAttribute("p", "class", classString).get(0)); } private String getImgUrl(String[] img_slice, Htmlpision p, boolean isNeedCheckPostion) { String url =""; int[] postion = new int[2]; boolean empty = p.getElementsByAttribute(img_slice[0],img_slice[1],img_slice[2]).isEmpty(); if (p.hasChildNodes() && !empty) { List<HtmlElement> elementsByAttribute = p.getElementsByAttribute(img_slice[0],img_slice[1],img_slice[2]); for(int i = 0;i<elementsByAttribute.size();i++){ Htmlpision p_img = (Htmlpision)elementsByAttribute.get(i); String style = p_img.getAttribute("style"); String[] imge_url_position = style.split(";"); if(StringUtils.isBlank(url)){//确认url url = StringUtils.replacePattern(imge_url_position[0], ".*\\(", "").replace(")", ""); } if (isNeedCheckPostion) {//确认图片切割postion,两张图切割方式一样 background-position: -157px -58px// String[] positionS = StringUtils.split(StringUtils.remove(imge_url_position[1], "px").replace("-", "").replaceAll(".*:", ""), null); String[] positionS = StringUtils.split(StringUtils.removePattern(imge_url_position[1], "[^\\d+ \\s]"),null); postion[0] = Integer.parseInt(positionS[0]); postion[1] = Integer.parseInt(positionS[1]); int[] is = ImgTest.imgArray[i]; if (is[0]!=postion[0]||is[1]!=postion[1]) { logger.debug("更新分割postion"); ImgTest.imgArray[i] = postion; } System.out.println(ImgTest.imgArray); isNeedCheckPostion= false; } } } return url; }
对比图片获取位移方法（deCAPTCHA）是错的我就不放代码了，下面是其中还原图片用的方法，目前是其实审查元素后你就明白怎么还原这个图片了，这里是每次读的10px，58px
public static BufferedImage getGeetestImg(byte[] binary, int[][] imgArray) throws IOException { BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(binary)); List<BufferedImage> list = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i=0;i< imgArray.length;i++) { BufferedImage subimage = img.getSubimage(imgArray[i][0], imgArray[i][1], 10, 58); list.add(subimage);// ImageIO.write(subimage, "jpg", new File("d:\\image\\imgs"+i+".jpg")); } BufferedImage mergeImageUp = null; BufferedImage mergeImageDown = null; int mid = list.size()>>>1; for (int i = 0; i <mid-1 ; i++) { mergeImageUp = mergeImage(mergeImageUp==null?list.get(i):mergeImageUp, list.get(i+1), true); } for(int i = mid;i<list.size()-1;i++){ mergeImageDown = mergeImage(mergeImageDown==null?list.get(i):mergeImageDown,list.get(i+1), true); } img = mergeImage(mergeImageUp, mergeImageDown, false); return img; } public static BufferedImage mergeImage(BufferedImage img1, BufferedImage img2, boolean isHorizontal) throws IOException { int w1 = img1.getWidth(); int h1 = img1.getHeight(); int w2 = img2.getWidth(); int h2 = img2.getHeight(); // 从图片中读取RGB int[] ImageArrayOne = new int[w1 * h1]; ImageArrayOne = img1.getRGB(0, 0, w1, h1, ImageArrayOne, 0, w1); // 逐行扫描图像中各个像素的RGB到数组中 int[] ImageArrayTwo = new int[w2 * h2]; ImageArrayTwo = img2.getRGB(0, 0, w2, h2, ImageArrayTwo, 0, w2); // 生成新图片 BufferedImage DestImage = null; if (isHorizontal) { // 水平方向合并 DestImage = new BufferedImage(w1+w2, h1, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); DestImage.setRGB(0, 0, w1, h1, ImageArrayOne, 0, w1); // 设置上半部分或左半部分的RGB DestImage.setRGB(w1, 0, w2, h2, ImageArrayTwo, 0, w2); } else { // 垂直方向合并 DestImage = new BufferedImage(w1, h1 + h2, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); DestImage.setRGB(0, 0, w1, h1, ImageArrayOne, 0, w1); // 设置上半部分或左半部分的RGB DestImage.setRGB(0, h1, w2, h2, ImageArrayTwo, 0, w2); // 设置下半部分的RGB } return DestImage; }
2.使用selenium
后来我想着是我模拟鼠标这个动作哪里有问题，我就又找到了selenium（2.42.2）,他也能操作htmlunit关键他的鼠标动作好像封装比较完全
但是我尝试了以后发现了这个，HtmlUnitMouse这个动作没有实现
public void mouseMove(Coordinates where, long xOffset, long yOffset) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Moving to arbitrary X,Y coordinates not supported."); }
好吧，于是调用chrome吧
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\chromedriver.exe"); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); //设置代理服务器地址 proxy.setHttpProxy("127.0.0.1:8888"); // DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.htmlUnitWithJs(); DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome(); capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.PROXY, proxy);// final WebDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver(capabilities); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(capabilities); driver.get("http://www.qixin.com/login"); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); checkPage(driver,"return $('.gt_cut_fullbg_slice');"); // 获取 网页的 title System.out.println("1 Page title is: " + driver.getTitle()); // 通过 id 找到 input 的 DOM String pageSource = driver.getPageSource(); System.out.println(pageSource); org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor executor = (org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor)driver; boolean equals = executor.executeScript("return document.readyState").equals("complete"); int moveX =99;//移动位置 if (equals) { WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className("gt_slider_knob"));//(".gt_slider_knob")); Point location = element.getLocation(); element.getSize(); Actions action = new Actions(driver); // action.clickAndHold().perform();// 鼠标在当前位置点击后不释放// action.clickAndHold(element).perform();// 鼠标在 onElement 元素的位置点击后不释放// action.clickAndHold(element).moveByOffset(location.x+99,location.y).release().perform(); //选中source元素->拖放到（xOffset,yOffset）位置->释放左键 action.dragAndDropBy(element, location.x+moveX,location.y).perform();// action.dragAndDrop(element,newelement).perform(); pageSource = driver.getPageSource(); } //更新cookie Set<org.openqa.selenium.Cookie> cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); Set<Cookie> cookies2 = new HashSet<>(); for (org.openqa.selenium.Cookie cookie : cookies) { cookies2.add((Cookie) new Cookie(cookie.getDomain(), cookie.getName(), cookie.getValue(), cookie.getPath(), cookie.getExpiry(), true)); } for (Cookie cookie : cookies2) { org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie httpClient = cookie.toHttpClient(); } System.out.println(pageSource);
这样提交的表单确实是有轨迹的，这里移动位置我先写了个固定值，可以由上面图片还原，以及一些开源的图片识别工具识别出位置。以上应该就能解决这个滑动验证码了
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就是去做你害怕的事，直到你获得成功的经验。
