1、java的大部分接口的方法都是串行执行的，但是有些业务场景是不需要同步返回结果的，可以把结果直接返回，具体业务异步执行，也有些业务接口是需要并行获取数据，最后把数据聚合在统一返回给前端。通常我们都是采用多线程的方式来实现上述业务功能，但spring 提供更优雅的方式来实现上述功能，就是@Async 异步注解，在方法上添加@Async，spring就会借助AOP，异步执行方法。
1、如何启用@Async
spring boot通过@EnableAsync 注解启用@Async异步注解实现AsyncConfigurer接口，getAsyncExecutor是默认自定义的线程池
/** * 线程池配置（@Async） */@Slf4j@EnableAsync@Configurationpublic class SimpleExecutorConfig implements AsyncConfigurer { /** 线程池维护线程的最少数量 */ @Value("${executor.corePoolSize}") private Integer corePoolSize; /** 线程池维护线程的最大数量 */ @Value("${executor.maxPoolSize}") private Integer maxPoolSize; /** 缓冲队列的大小 */ @Value("${executor.queueCapacity}") private Integer queueCapacity; /** 为每个线程名设置一个前缀（1） */ @Value("${executor.threadNamePrefix}") private String threadNamePrefix; /** 为每个线程名设置一个前缀（2） */ @Value("${executor.threadNamePrefix_2}") private String threadNamePrefix_2; @Bean(ExecutorConstant.simpleExecutor_1) @Override public Executor getAsyncExecutor() { //线程池 ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize); taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize); taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity); taskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix(threadNamePrefix); taskExecutor.initialize(); return taskExecutor; } @Bean(ExecutorConstant.simpleExecutor_2) public Executor asyncExecutor2() { //线程池 ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize); taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize); taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity); taskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix(threadNamePrefix_2); taskExecutor.initialize(); return taskExecutor; }}
2、如何使用@Async
下面是代码:TestAsyncService类：
@Slf4j@Servicepublic class TestAsyncService implements ITestAsyncService { /** * 异步方法，无返回值 * @return */ @Async @Override public void asyncFunction_1(){ handleBusinessTime(); log.info("asyncFunction_1 当前线程名称是：{}",Thread.currentThread().getName()); }; /////////////////异步方法，无返回值(指定线程池) start /** * 异步方法，无返回值(指定线程池) * @return */ @Async(value = ExecutorConstant.simpleExecutor_2) @Override public void asyncFunction_2(){ handleBusinessTime(); log.info("asyncFunction_2 当前线程名称是：{}",Thread.currentThread().getName()); }; @Async(ExecutorConstant.simpleExecutor_2) @Override public void asyncFunction_3(){ handleBusinessTime(); log.info("asyncFunction_3 当前线程名称是：{}",Thread.currentThread().getName()); }; /////////////////异步方法，无返回值(指定线程池) end /** * 异步方法，有返回值 * @return */ @Async @Override public Future<Integer> asyncReturnDta_1(){ handleBusinessTime(); log.info("asyncReturnDta_1 当前线程名称是：{}",Thread.currentThread().getName()); return new AsyncResult<Integer>(1); }; /** * 异步方法，有返回值(指定线程池) * @return */ @Async(ExecutorConstant.simpleExecutor_2) @Override public Future<Integer> asyncReturnDta_2(){ handleBusinessTime(); log.info("asyncReturnDta_2 当前线程名称是：{}",Thread.currentThread().getName()); return new AsyncResult<Integer>(1); }; /** * 异步方法，有返回值-超时 * @return */ @Async @Override public Future<Integer> asyncReturnDtaTimeOut(){ handleBusinessTime(); handleBusinessTime(); handleBusinessTime(); handleBusinessTime(); log.info("asyncReturnDta_3 当前线程名称是：{}",Thread.currentThread().getName()); return new AsyncResult<Integer>(1); }; /** * 这方法 模拟处理业务或者 去操作数据库 消耗的时间 */ public static void handleBusinessTime(){ //去数据库查询数据耗时 start int[] sleepTime = NumberUtil.generateRandomNumber(2000,5000,1); try { //Thread.sleep 休眠的时候 相当于 业务操作，或者请求数据库的需要消耗的时间 Thread.sleep(sleepTime[0]); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //去数据库查询数据耗时 end }}
TestAsyncController
@Slf4j@RestController@RequestMapping(value = "/v1/async")public class TestAsyncController { @Autowired ITestAsyncService testAsyncService; @ApiOperation(value = "调用接口") @RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.GET) public Resp<Integer> test() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { log.info("asyncFunction_1 start"); testAsyncService.asyncFunction_1(); log.info("asyncFunction_1 start"); log.info("asyncFunction_2 start"); testAsyncService.asyncFunction_2(); log.info("asyncFunction_2 end"); log.info("asyncFunction_3 start"); testAsyncService.asyncFunction_3(); log.info("asyncFunction_3 end"); log.info("asyncReturnDta_1 & asyncReturnDta_2 start"); Future<Integer> future = testAsyncService.asyncReturnDta_1(); testAsyncService.asyncReturnDta_2(); log.info("asyncReturnDta_1 & asyncReturnDta_2 end"); Integer resp = future.get(); log.info("future.get() resp:{}",resp); return Resp.buildDataSuccess(resp); } @ApiOperation(value = "调用接口-超时") @RequestMapping(value = "/async_timeOut", method = RequestMethod.GET) public Resp<Integer> async_timeOut() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { TimeInterval timeInterval = DateUtil.timer(); log.info("asyncReturnDtaTimeOut start"); Future<Integer> future = testAsyncService.asyncReturnDtaTimeOut(); log.info("asyncReturnDtaTimeOut end"); Integer resp = null; try { //一秒内 返回不了数据就报错 resp = future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } catch (TimeoutException e) { resp = -1;//请求超时了，相当于熔断，服务降级 log.error("asyncReturnDtaTimeOut future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) timeout:",e); } log.info("future.get() resp:{} 耗时：{}毫秒",resp,timeInterval.intervalRestart()); return Resp.buildDataSuccess(resp); }}
/v1/async/test 接口：
2021-06-20 21:09:30.490 INFO 14207 — [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncFunction_1 start2021-06-20 21:09:30.490 INFO 14207 — [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncFunction_1 start2021-06-20 21:09:30.490 INFO 14207 — [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncFunction_2 start2021-06-20 21:09:30.491 INFO 14207 — [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncFunction_2 end2021-06-20 21:09:30.491 INFO 14207 — [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncFunction_3 start2021-06-20 21:09:30.491 INFO 14207 — [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncFunction_3 end2021-06-20 21:09:30.491 INFO 14207 — [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncReturnDta_1 & asyncReturnDta_2 start2021-06-20 21:09:30.492 INFO 14207 — [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncReturnDta_1 & asyncReturnDta_2 end2021-06-20 21:09:32.679 INFO 14207 — [le-1-executor-9] c.e.multi.service.impl.TestAsyncService : asyncFunction_1 当前线程名称是：my-simple-1-executor-92021-06-20 21:09:33.454 INFO 14207 — [le-2-executor-8] c.e.multi.service.impl.TestAsyncService : asyncFunction_3 当前线程名称是：my-simple-2-executor-82021-06-20 21:09:33.578 INFO 14207 — [le-2-executor-9] c.e.multi.service.impl.TestAsyncService : asyncReturnDta_2 当前线程名称是：my-simple-2-executor-92021-06-20 21:09:34.101 INFO 14207 — [e-1-executor-10] c.e.multi.service.impl.TestAsyncService : asyncReturnDta_1 当前线程名称是：my-simple-1-executor-102021-06-20 21:09:34.102 INFO 14207 — [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : future.get() resp:12021-06-20 21:09:34.357 INFO 14207 — [le-2-executor-7] c.e.multi.service.impl.TestAsyncService : asyncFunction_2 当前线程名称是：my-simple-2-executor-7
从日志上可以看出，都是异步执行的
/v1/async/async_timeOut 接口：
2021-06-20 21:20:58.886 INFO 14427 — [nio-8666-exec-1] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncReturnDtaTimeOut start2021-06-20 21:20:58.890 INFO 14427 — [nio-8666-exec-1] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncReturnDtaTimeOut end2021-06-20 21:20:59.899 ERROR 14427 — [nio-8666-exec-1] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncReturnDtaTimeOut future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) timeout:
java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException: nullat java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:205) ~[na:1.8.0_231]at com.example.multi.controller.TestAsyncController.async_timeOut(TestAsyncController.java:69) ~[classes/:na]at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_231]at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_231]at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_231]at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_231]at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:197) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:141) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:106) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:894) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:808) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1063) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:963) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:898) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:626) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:4.0.FR]at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:733) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:4.0.FR]at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:227) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53) [tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:202) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:97) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:542) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:143) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:78) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:357) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:374) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:893) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1707) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) [na:1.8.0_231]at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) [na:1.8.0_231]at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_231]
2021-06-20 21:20:59.900 INFO 14427 — [nio-8666-exec-1] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : future.get() resp:-1 耗时：1014毫秒2021-06-20 21:21:12.105 INFO 14427 — [le-1-executor-1] c.e.multi.service.impl.TestAsyncService : asyncReturnDta_3 当前线程名称是：my-simple-1-executor-1
从日志上看出，如果future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) 到了超时时间，直接抛出超时异常，走主线程后续代码。比较适合 规定时间范围内要返回数据（超时可以根据业务场景，返回一个默认值，或者返回值值就是空的）的业务场景
@Async原理+源码
原理：是通过spring aop + 线程池的方式来实现的源码：源码的方法位置是：AsyncExecutionInterceptor.invoke
107行：是获取一个线程池108行：如果没有设置线程池抛出异常113行：是创建一个线程对象 他的run方法执行invocation.proceed()【走实际业务代码】121和124行：走的是统一的异常处理 主要是调用handleUncaughtException方法，SimpleExecutorConfig 实现了AsyncConfigurer接口它就有getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler方法，可以重写这个方法，实现自定义的异常处理
下图是AsyncConfigurer接口可以实现的方法：
doSubmit方法：
实际上就是调用线程池的submit方法：
具体代码，我上传到gitee，大家感兴趣可以clone 传送门～
@Async源码参考于：https://www.jb51.net/article/141542.htm
以上就是spring boot使用@Async异步注解的实现原理+源码的详细内容，更多关于spring boot异步注解的资料请关注其它相关文章！
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