介绍
IDEA RESTful WebServices是一个类似jmeter，postman的工具。可以使用纯文本编辑。
官网介绍地址：https://www.jetbrains.com/help/idea/restful-webservices.html
该工具是idea的一个组件，在Tools->Http client下；当然goland也是相同；低版本是Test Restful WebService，新版本的idea已经提示改功能废弃，建议使用new HTTP Client也就是我们此教程要介绍的工具；
示例：
创建demo1.http文件
GET https://www.baidu.com
###
点击右侧运行即可查看到结果
HTTP请求中使用变量
要在请求中提供变量，请将其括在双花括号中，如 {{variable}} 。变量名称只能包含字母，数字，下 划线符号 _ 或连字符 – 。
预定义的动态变量
每次您运行请求时，动态变量都会生成一个值： $uuid ：生成通用的唯一标识符（UUID-v4） $timestamp ：生成当前的UNIX时间戳 $randomInt ：生成介于0到1000之间的随机整数。
GET http://localhost/api/get?id={{$uuid}}
创建环境变量
在项目内部，创建以下文件：
在rest-client.env.json（或http-client.env.json）是包含常见的变量，其目的是要与你的项目一起 分发的常规文件。 在rest-client.private.env.json（或http-client.private.env.json）是一个 私人 的文件可能包括密 码，令牌，证书和其他敏感信息。默认情况下，此文件被添加到VCS忽略文件列表中。在httpclient.private.env.json文件中指定的变量的值将覆盖环境文件中的值。
{ "dev": { "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80", "name": "zhangsan" }, "prod": { "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80", "name":"lisi" }}
调用示例
GET http://{{host}}/api/get?name={{name}}
脚本设置环境变量
//设置环境变量> {%client.global.set("token", response.body.token);%}
脚本检测
可以对返回值进行打印，断言；
# 登陆POST http://{{host}}/system/loginContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencodedusername=admin&password=123456> {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");});client.test("Response content-type is json", function() {var type = response.contentType.mimeType;client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'");});client.test("Request code success", function() {client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "Response code is not 0");client.global.set("token", response.body.data);});%}###
类型介绍 client
client.global
set(varName, varValue) // 设置全局变量 get(varName) // 获取全局变量 isEmpty // 检查 global 是否为空 clear(varName) // 删除变量 clearAll // 删除所有变量 client.test(testName, func) // 创建一个名称为 testName 的测试 client.assert(condition, message) // 校验条件 condition 是否成立，否则抛出异常 message client.log(text) // 打印日志 response response.body // 字符串 或 JSON (如果 content-type 为 application/json .) response.headers
valueOf(headerName) // 返回第一个匹配 headerName 的值，如果没有匹配的返回 nullvaluesOf(headerName) // 返回所有匹配 headerName 的值的数组，如果没有匹配的返回空数组
response.status // Http 状态码，如： 200 / 400 response.contentType
mimeType // 返回 MIME 类型，如： text/plain , text/xml , application/json .charset // 返回编码 UTF-8 等
示例test.http
#### GET请求GET http://{{host}}/api/get?name={{name}}#### POST请求POST http://{{host}}/api/post/kvContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencodedname=zhangsan&age=11#### POST请求POST http://{{host}}/api/post/jsonContent-Type: application/jsonreferer: https://goframe.org/cookie: name=zhangsan; age=11{"name":"zhangsan","age":11}###
test2.http
#### 未登录POST http://{{host}}/system/user/info> {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {client.assert(response.status === 404, "Response status is not 200");});client.test("Response content-type is json", function() {var type = response.contentType.mimeType;client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'");});client.test("Request code fail", function() {client.assert(response.body.code === -1, "Response code is not -1");});%}#### 登陆POST http://{{host}}/system/loginContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencodedusername=admin&password=123456> {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");});client.test("Response content-type is json", function() {var type = response.contentType.mimeType;client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'");});client.test("Request code success", function() {client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "Response code is not 0");client.global.set("token", response.body.data);});%}#### 登陆后访问用户信息POST http://{{host}}/system/user/infotoken: {{token}}> {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");});client.test("Response content-type is json", function() {var type = response.contentType.mimeType;client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'");});client.test("Request code success", function() {client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "Response code is not 0");});%}#### 登陆后访问用户年龄POST http://{{host}}/system/user/agetoken: {{token}}> {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");});client.test("Response content-type is json", function() {var type = response.contentType.mimeType;client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'");});client.test("Request code success", function() {client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "Response code is not 0");});%}###
http-client.env.json
{ "dev": { "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80", "name": "zhangsan" }, "prod": { "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80", "name":"lisi" }}
main.go
package mainimport ("github.com/gogf/gf/frame/g""github.com/gogf/gf/net/ghttp""github.com/gogf/gf/util/guuid")var token stringfunc main() {s := g.Server()group := s.Group("/api")// 默认路径// GET带参数group.GET("/get", func(r *ghttp.Request) {r.Response.Writeln("Hello World!")r.Response.Writeln("name:", r.GetString("name"))})// POST KVgroup.POST("/post/kv", func(r *ghttp.Request) {r.Response.Writeln("func:test")r.Response.Writeln("name:", r.GetString("name"))r.Response.Writeln("age:", r.GetInt("age"))})// POST JSONgroup.POST("/post/json", func(r *ghttp.Request) {r.Response.Writeln("func:test2")r.Response.Writeln("name:", r.GetString("name"))r.Response.Writeln("age:", r.GetString("age"))h := r.Headerr.Response.Writeln("referer:", h.Get("referer"))r.Response.Writeln("cookie:", h.Get("cookie"))r.Response.Writeln(r.Cookie.Map())})// 模拟登陆system := s.Group("/system")// 登陆接口system.POST("/login", func(r *ghttp.Request) {if "admin" == r.GetString("username") &&"123456" == r.GetString("password") {token = guuid.New().String()r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{"code": 0,"data": token,})r.Exit()}r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{"code": -1,"data": "",})})// 获取用户信息system.POST("/user/info", func(r *ghttp.Request) {if token != r.Header.Get("token") || token == "" {r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{"code": -1,"data": "",})r.Exit()}// 返回用户信息r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{"code": 0,"data": "zhangsan",})})// 获取用户年龄system.POST("/user/age", func(r *ghttp.Request) {if token != r.Header.Get("token") || token == "" {r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{"code": -1,"data": "",})r.Exit()}// 返回用户信息r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{"code": 0,"data": 11,})})s.SetPort(80)s.Run()}
代码地址
github：https://github.com/goflyfox/tools
gitee：https://gitee.com/goflyfox/tools
教程视频
bilibili教程地址：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12V411f7ab/
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勇士面前无险路。
