目录1.准备工作1.1 获取微信登录凭证1.2 配置文件1.3 添加依赖1.4 创建读取公共常量的工具类1.5 HttpClient工具类2.实现微信登录2.1 具体流程2.2 生成微信扫描的二维码（请求CODE）2.3 回调
1.准备工作
1.1 获取微信登录凭证
前往官网微信开放平台 (qq.com)，完成以下步骤：
1.注册
2.邮箱激活
3.完善开发者资料
4.开发者资质认证
5.创建网站应用
1.2 配置文件
在配置文件application.properties添加相关配置信息：
# 微信开放平台 appidwx.open.app_id=你的appid# 微信开放平台 appsecretwx.open.app_secret=你的appsecret# 微信开放平台重定向urlwx.open.redirect_url=http://81/api/ucenter/wx/callback
1.3 添加依赖
<!--httpclient--><dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId></dependency><!--commons-io--><dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId></dependency><!--gson--><dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId></dependency>
1.4 创建读取公共常量的工具类
创建读取公共常量的工具类ConstantWxUtils：
/** * @author xppll * @date 2021/12/11 14:39 */@Componentpublic class ConstantWxUtils implements InitializingBean { @Value("${wx.open.app_id}") private String appId; @Value("${wx.open.app_secret}") private String appSecret; @Value("${wx.open.redirect_url}") private String redirectUrl; public static String WX_OPEN_APP_ID; public static String WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET; public static String WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL; @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { WX_OPEN_APP_ID = appId; WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET = appSecret; WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL = redirectUrl; }}
1.5 HttpClient工具类
/** * 依赖的jar包有：commons-lang-2.6.jar、httpclient-4.3.2.jar、httpcore-4.3.1.jar、commons-io-2.4.jar * @author zhaoyb * */public class HttpClientUtils { public static final int connTimeout=10000; public static final int readTimeout=10000; public static final String charset="UTF-8"; private static HttpClient client = null; static { PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(); cm.setMaxTotal(128); cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(128); client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build(); } public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{ return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout); } public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{ return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout); } public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception { return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout); } public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception { return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout); } public static String get(String url) throws Exception { return get(url, charset, null, null); } public static String get(String url, String charset) throws Exception { return get(url, charset, connTimeout, readTimeout); } /** * 发送一个 Post 请求, 使用指定的字符集编码. * * @param url * @param body RequestBody * @param mimeType 例如 application/xml "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" a=1&b=2&c=3 * @param charset 编码 * @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒. * @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒. * @return ResponseBody, 使用指定的字符集编码. * @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时异常 * @throws SocketTimeoutException 响应超时 * @throws Exception */ public static String post(String url, String body, String mimeType,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception { HttpClient client = null; HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); String result = ""; try { if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) { HttpEntity entity = new StringEntity(body, ContentType.create(mimeType, charset)); post.setEntity(entity); } // 设置参数 Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom(); if (connTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout); } if (readTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout); } post.setConfig(customReqConf.build()); HttpResponse res; if (url.startsWith("https")) { // 执行 Https 请求. client = createSSLInsecureClient(); res = client.execute(post); } else { // 执行 Http 请求. client = HttpClientUtils.client; res = client.execute(post); } result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset); } finally { post.releaseConnection(); if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) { ((CloseableHttpClient) client).close(); } } return result; } /** * 提交form表单 * * @param url * @param params * @param connTimeout * @param readTimeout * @return * @throws ConnectTimeoutException * @throws SocketTimeoutException * @throws Exception */ public static String postForm(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception { HttpClient client = null; HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); try { if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) { List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = params.entrySet(); for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) { formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())); } UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, Consts.UTF_8); post.setEntity(entity); } if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) { for (Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) { post.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } } // 设置参数 Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom(); if (connTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout); } if (readTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout); } post.setConfig(customReqConf.build()); HttpResponse res = null; if (url.startsWith("https")) { // 执行 Https 请求. client = createSSLInsecureClient(); res = client.execute(post); } else { // 执行 Http 请求. client = HttpClientUtils.client; res = client.execute(post); } return IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), "UTF-8"); } finally { post.releaseConnection(); if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) { ((CloseableHttpClient) client).close(); } } } /** * 发送一个 GET 请求 * * @param url * @param charset * @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒. * @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒. * @return * @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时 * @throws SocketTimeoutException 响应超时 * @throws Exception */ public static String get(String url, String charset, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,SocketTimeoutException, Exception { HttpClient client = null; HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url); String result = ""; try { // 设置参数 Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom(); if (connTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout); } if (readTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout); } get.setConfig(customReqConf.build()); HttpResponse res = null; if (url.startsWith("https")) { // 执行 Https 请求. client = createSSLInsecureClient(); res = client.execute(get); } else { // 执行 Http 请求. client = HttpClientUtils.client; res = client.execute(get); } result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset); } finally { get.releaseConnection(); if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) { ((CloseableHttpClient) client).close(); } } return result; } /** * 从 response 里获取 charset * * @param ressponse * @return */ @SuppressWarnings("unused") private static String getCharsetFromResponse(HttpResponse ressponse) { // Content-Type:text/html; charset=GBK if (ressponse.getEntity() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue() != null) { String contentType = ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue(); if (contentType.contains("charset=")) { return contentType.substring(contentType.indexOf("charset=") + 8); } } return null; } /** * 创建 SSL连接 * @return * @throws GeneralSecurityException */ private static CloseableHttpClient createSSLInsecureClient() throws GeneralSecurityException { try { SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() { public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException { return true; } }).build(); SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new X509HostnameVerifier() { @Override public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) { return true; } @Override public void verify(String host, SSLSocket ssl) throws IOException { } @Override public void verify(String host, X509Certificate cert) throws SSLException { } @Override public void verify(String host, String[] cns, String[] subjectAlts) throws SSLException { } }); return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build(); } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) { throw e; } } public static void main(String[] args) { try { String str= post("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml","name=12&page=34","application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "UTF-8", 10000, 10000); //String str= get("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml?name=12&page=34","GBK"); /*Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>(); map.put("name", "111"); map.put("page", "222"); String str= postForm("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml",map,null, 10000, 10000);*/ System.out.println(str); } catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } }}
2.实现微信登录
可以参考官方文档：[网站应用微信登录开发指南](准备工作 | 微信开放文档 (qq.com))
2.1 具体流程
- 第三方发起微信授权登录请求，微信用户允许授权第三方应用后，微信会拉起应用或重定向到第三方网站，并且带上授权临时票据code参数 通过code参数加上AppID和AppSecret等，通过API换取access_token 通过access_token进行接口调用，获取用户基本数据资源或帮助用户实现基本操作
获取access_token时序图：
2.2 生成微信扫描的二维码（请求CODE）
controller层：
/** * @author xppll * @date 2021/12/11 14:48 */@CrossOrigin@Controller@RequestMapping("/api/ucenter/wx")public class WxApiController { @Autowired private UcenterMemberService memberService; /** * 生成微信扫描二维码 * @return 定向到请求微信地址 */ @GetMapping("login") public String getWxCode() { //微信开放平台授权baseUrl String baseUrl = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect" + "?appid=%s" + "&redirect_uri=%s" + "&response_type=code" + "&scope=snsapi_login" + "&state=%s" + "#wechat_redirect"; //对redirect_url进行URLEncoder编码 String redirectUrl = ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL; try { redirectUrl = URLEncoder.encode(redirectUrl, "UTF-8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { throw new GuliException(20001, e.getMessage()); } //设置%s的值 String url = String.format( baseUrl, ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID, redirectUrl, "atguigu" ); //重定向到请求微信地址 return "redirect:" + url; }}
访问：http://localhost:8160/api/ucenter/wx/login
访问授权url后会得到一个微信登录二维码：
用户扫描二维码会看到确认登录的页面：
用户点击“确认登录”后，微信服务器会向谷粒学院的业务服务器发起回调，因此接下来我们需要开发回调controller
2.3 回调
具体分几步：
1.通过code获取access_token
https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code
2.从返回结果获取两个值access_token、openid
3.通过openid查询数据库判断该用户是不是第一次登录
4.如果是第一次登录，根据access_token和openid再去访问微信的资源服务器，获取用户信息，存入数据库
5.使用jwt根据member对象生成token字符串，最后返回首页面，通过路径传递token字符串
/** * 获取扫描人信息，添加数据 * @param code 类似于手机验证码，随机唯一的值 * @param state 用于保持请求和回调的状态，授权请求后原样带回给第三方 * @return */@GetMapping("callback")public String callback(String code, String state) { try { //获取code值，临时票据类似于验证码 //拿着code请求微信固定的地址，得到两个值 //1.向认证服务器发送请求换取access_token String baseAccessTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token" + "?appid=%s" + "&secret=%s" + "&code=%s" + "&grant_type=authorization_code"; //拼接三个参数：id 密钥 和 code值 String accessTokenUrl = String.format( baseAccessTokenUrl, ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID, ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET, code ); //2.请求拼接好的地址，得到返回的两个值access_token和openid //使用httpclient发送请求，得到返回结果(json形式的字符串) String accessTokenInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(accessTokenUrl); //从accessTokenInfo字符串获取两个值access_token、openid //把accessTokenInfo字符串转换为map集合，根据map里面的key获取值 //这里使用json转换工具Gson Gson gson = new Gson(); HashMap accessTokenMap = gson.fromJson(accessTokenInfo, HashMap.class); String access_token = (String) accessTokenMap.get("access_token"); String openid = (String) accessTokenMap.get("openid"); //3.判断该用户是不是第一次扫码登录 //通过openid判断 UcenterMember member = memberService.getOpenIdMember(openid); //4.只有第一次登录才获取信息 if (member == null) { //根据access_token和openid再去访问微信的资源服务器，获取用户信息 String baseUserInfoUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo" + "?access_token=%s" + "&openid=%s"; String userInfoUrl = String.format( baseUserInfoUrl, access_token, openid ); //发送请求，得到用户信息 String userInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(userInfoUrl); System.out.println(userInfo); //将用户信息存入数据库 //把json转换为map HashMap userInfoMap = gson.fromJson(userInfo, HashMap.class); //得到nickname String nickname = (String) userInfoMap.get("nickname"); //得到微信头像avatar String headimgurl = (String) userInfoMap.get("headimgurl"); member = new UcenterMember(); member.setOpenid(openid); member.setNickname(nickname); member.setAvatar(headimgurl); memberService.save(member); } //5.使用jwt根据member对象生成token字符串 String jwtToken = JwtUtils.getJwtToken(member.getId(), member.getNickname()); //最后返回首页面，通过路径传递token字符串 return "redirect:http://localhost:3000?token=" + jwtToken; } catch (Exception e) { throw new GuliException(20001, "微信登录失败"); }}
判断该用户是不是第一次扫码登录
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