Android App中自定义View视图的实例教程

一、基础很多的Android入门程序猿来说对于Android自定义View,可能都是比较恐惧的,但是这又是高手进阶的必经之路,所有准备在自定义View上面花一些功夫,多写一些文章。先总结下自定义View的步骤:1、自定义View的属性2、在View的构造方法中获得我们自定义的属性3、重写onMesure 4、重写onDraw我把3用[]标出了,所以说3不一定是必须的,当然了大部分情况下还是需要重写的。

1、自定义View的属性,首先在res/values/ 下建立一个attrs.xml , 在里面定义我们的属性和声明我们的整个样式。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources>    <attr name="titleText" format="string" />   <attr name="titleTextColor" format="color" />   <attr name="titleTextSize" format="dimension" />    <declare-styleable name="CustomTitleView">     <attr name="titleText" />     <attr name="titleTextColor" />     <attr name="titleTextSize" />   </declare-styleable>  </resources> 

我们定义了字体,字体颜色,字体大小3个属性,format是值该属性的取值类型:一共有:string,color,demension,integer,enum,reference,float,boolean,fraction,flag;不清楚的可以google一把。然后在布局中声明我们的自定义View

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"   xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"   xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01"   android:layout_width="match_parent"   android:layout_height="match_parent" >    <com.example.customview01.view.CustomTitleView     android:layout_width="200dp"     android:layout_height="100dp"     custom:titleText="3712"     custom:titleTextColor="#ff0000"     custom:titleTextSize="40sp" />  </RelativeLayout> 

一定要引入 xmlns:custom=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01″我们的命名空间,后面的包路径指的是项目的package

2、在View的构造方法中,获得我们的自定义的样式

/**    * 文本    */   private String mTitleText;   /**    * 文本的颜色    */   private int mTitleTextColor;   /**    * 文本的大小    */   private int mTitleTextSize;    /**    * 绘制时控制文本绘制的范围    */   private Rect mBound;   private Paint mPaint;    public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)   {     this(context, attrs, 0);   }    public CustomTitleView(Context context)   {     this(context, null);   }    /**    * 获得我自定义的样式属性    *    * @param context    * @param attrs    * @param defStyle    */   public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle)   {     super(context, attrs, defStyle);     /**      * 获得我们所定义的自定义样式属性      */     TypedArray a = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomTitleView, defStyle, 0);     int n = a.getIndexCount();     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)     {       int attr = a.getIndex(i);       switch (attr)       {       case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleText:         mTitleText = a.getString(attr);         break;       case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleTextColor:         // 默认颜色设置为黑色         mTitleTextColor = a.getColor(attr, Color.BLACK);         break;       case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleTextSize:         // 默认设置为16sp,TypeValue也可以把sp转化为px         mTitleTextSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(attr, (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(             TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 16, getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));         break;        }      }     a.recycle();      /**      * 获得绘制文本的宽和高      */     mPaint = new Paint();     mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);     // mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);     mBound = new Rect();     mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitleText, 0, mTitleText.length(), mBound);    } 

我们重写了3个构造方法,默认的布局文件调用的是两个参数的构造方法,所以记得让所有的构造调用我们的三个参数的构造,我们在三个参数的构造中获得自定义属性。3、我们重写onDraw,onMesure调用系统提供的:

@Override   protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)   {     super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);   }    @Override   protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas)   {     mPaint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);     canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mPaint);      mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);     canvas.drawText(mTitleText, getWidth() / 2 - mBound.width() / 2, getHeight() / 2 + mBound.height() / 2, mPaint);   } 

此时的效果是:

是不是觉得还不错,基本已经实现了自定义View。但是此时如果我们把布局文件的宽和高写成wrap_content,会发现效果并不是我们的预期:

系统帮我们测量的高度和宽度都是MATCH_PARNET,当我们设置明确的宽度和高度时,系统帮我们测量的结果就是我们设置的结果,当我们设置为WRAP_CONTENT,或者MATCH_PARENT系统帮我们测量的结果就是MATCH_PARENT的长度。所以,当设置了WRAP_CONTENT时,我们需要自己进行测量,即重写onMesure方法”:重写之前先了解MeasureSpec的specMode,一共三种类型:EXACTLY:一般是设置了明确的值或者是MATCH_PARENTAT_MOST:表示子布局限制在一个最大值内,一般为WARP_CONTENTUNSPECIFIED:表示子布局想要多大就多大,很少使用下面是我们重写onMeasure代码:

@Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {   int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);   int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);   int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);   int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);   int width;   int height ;   if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)   {     width = widthSize;   } else   {     mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);     mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitle, 0, mTitle.length(), mBounds);     float textWidth = mBounds.width();     int desired = (int) (getPaddingLeft() + textWidth + getPaddingRight());     width = desired;   }    if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)   {     height = heightSize;   } else   {     mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);     mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitle, 0, mTitle.length(), mBounds);     float textHeight = mBounds.height();     int desired = (int) (getPaddingTop() + textHeight + getPaddingBottom());     height = desired;   }          setMeasuredDimension(width, height); } 

现在我们修改下布局文件:

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"   xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"   xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01"   android:layout_width="match_parent"   android:layout_height="match_parent" >    <com.example.customview01.view.CustomTitleView     android:layout_width="wrap_content"     android:layout_height="wrap_content"     custom:titleText="3712"     android:padding="10dp"     custom:titleTextColor="#ff0000"     android:layout_centerInParent="true"     custom:titleTextSize="40sp" />  </RelativeLayout> 

现在的效果是:

完全复合我们的预期,现在我们可以对高度、宽度进行随便的设置了,基本可以满足我们的需求。当然了,这样下来我们这个自定义View与TextView相比岂不是没什么优势,所有我们觉得给自定义View添加一个事件:在构造中添加:

this.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()     {        @Override       public void onClick(View v)       {         mTitleText = randomText();         postInvalidate();       }      });  private String randomText()   {     Random random = new Random();     Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<Integer>();     while (set.size() < 4)     {       int randomInt = random.nextInt(10);       set.add(randomInt);     }     StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();     for (Integer i : set)     {       sb.append("" + i);     }      return sb.toString();   } 

下面再来运行:

我们添加了一个点击事件,每次让它随机生成一个4位的随机数,有兴趣的可以在onDraw中添加一点噪点,然后改写为验证码,是不是感觉很不错。

进阶

前面已经介绍过一个自定义View的基础的例子,下面给大家带来一个稍微复杂点的例子。自定义View显示一张图片,下面包含图片的文本介绍,类似相片介绍什么的,不过不重要,主要是学习自定义View的用法么。直接切入正题:1、在res/values/attr.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources>    <attr name="titleText" format="string" />   <attr name="titleTextSize" format="dimension" />   <attr name="titleTextColor" format="color" />   <attr name="image" format="reference" />   <attr name="imageScaleType">     <enum name="fillXY" value="0" />     <enum name="center" value="1" />   </attr>    <declare-styleable name="CustomImageView">     <attr name="titleText" />     <attr name="titleTextSize" />     <attr name="titleTextColor" />     <attr name="image" />     <attr name="imageScaleType" />   </declare-styleable>  </resources> 

2、在构造中获得我们的自定义属性:

/**    * 初始化所特有自定义类型    *    * @param context    * @param attrs    * @param defStyle    */   public CustomImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle)   {     super(context, attrs, defStyle);      TypedArray a = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomImageView, defStyle, 0);      int n = a.getIndexCount();      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)     {       int attr = a.getIndex(i);        switch (attr)       {       case R.styleable.CustomImageView_image:         mImage = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), a.getResourceId(attr, 0));         break;       case R.styleable.CustomImageView_imageScaleType:         mImageScale = a.getInt(attr, 0);         break;       case R.styleable.CustomImageView_titleText:         mTitle = a.getString(attr);         break;       case R.styleable.CustomImageView_titleTextColor:         mTextColor = a.getColor(attr, Color.BLACK);         break;       case R.styleable.CustomImageView_titleTextSize:         mTextSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(attr, (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP,             16, getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));         break;        }     }     a.recycle();     rect = new Rect();     mPaint = new Paint();     mTextBound = new Rect();     mPaint.setTextSize(mTextSize);     // 计算了描绘字体需要的范围     mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitle, 0, mTitle.length(), mTextBound);    } 

3、重写onMeasure

@Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {   // super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);    /**    * 设置宽度    */   int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);   int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);    if (specMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)// match_parent , accurate   {     Log.e("xxx", "EXACTLY");     mWidth = specSize;   } else   {     // 由图片决定的宽     int desireByImg = getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight() + mImage.getWidth();     // 由字体决定的宽     int desireByTitle = getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight() + mTextBound.width();      if (specMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST)// wrap_content     {       int desire = Math.max(desireByImg, desireByTitle);       mWidth = Math.min(desire, specSize);       Log.e("xxx", "AT_MOST");     }   }    /***    * 设置高度    */    specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);   specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);   if (specMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)// match_parent , accurate   {     mHeight = specSize;   } else   {     int desire = getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom() + mImage.getHeight() + mTextBound.height();     if (specMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST)// wrap_content     {       mHeight = Math.min(desire, specSize);     }   }   setMeasuredDimension(mWidth, mHeight);  } 

4、重写onDraw

@Override   protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas)   {     // super.onDraw(canvas);     /**      * 边框      */     mPaint.setStrokeWidth(4);     mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);     mPaint.setColor(Color.CYAN);     canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mPaint);      rect.left = getPaddingLeft();     rect.right = mWidth - getPaddingRight();     rect.top = getPaddingTop();     rect.bottom = mHeight - getPaddingBottom();      mPaint.setColor(mTextColor);     mPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);     /**      * 当前设置的宽度小于字体需要的宽度,将字体改为xxx...      */     if (mTextBound.width() > mWidth)     {       TextPaint paint = new TextPaint(mPaint);       String msg = TextUtils.ellipsize(mTitle, paint, (float) mWidth - getPaddingLeft() - getPaddingRight(),           TextUtils.TruncateAt.END).toString();       canvas.drawText(msg, getPaddingLeft(), mHeight - getPaddingBottom(), mPaint);      } else     {       //正常情况,将字体居中       canvas.drawText(mTitle, mWidth / 2 - mTextBound.width() * 1.0f / 2, mHeight - getPaddingBottom(), mPaint);     }      //取消使用掉的快     rect.bottom -= mTextBound.height();      if (mImageScale == IMAGE_SCALE_FITXY)     {       canvas.drawBitmap(mImage, null, rect, mPaint);     } else     {       //计算居中的矩形范围       rect.left = mWidth / 2 - mImage.getWidth() / 2;       rect.right = mWidth / 2 + mImage.getWidth() / 2;       rect.top = (mHeight - mTextBound.height()) / 2 - mImage.getHeight() / 2;       rect.bottom = (mHeight - mTextBound.height()) / 2 + mImage.getHeight() / 2;        canvas.drawBitmap(mImage, null, rect, mPaint);     }    } 

代码,结合注释和基础部分View的使用,应该可以看懂,不明白的留言。下面我们引入我们的自定义View:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"   xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"   xmlns:zhy="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.zhy.customview02"   android:layout_width="match_parent"   android:layout_height="match_parent"   android:orientation="vertical" >    <com.zhy.customview02.view.CustomImageView     android:layout_width="wrap_content"     android:layout_height="wrap_content"     android:layout_margin="10dp"     android:padding="10dp"     zhy:image="@drawable/ic_launcher"     zhy:imageScaleType="center"     zhy:titleText="hello andorid ! "     zhy:titleTextColor="#ff0000"     zhy:titleTextSize="30sp" />    <com.zhy.customview02.view.CustomImageView     android:layout_width="100dp"     android:layout_height="wrap_content"     android:layout_margin="10dp"     android:padding="10dp"     zhy:image="@drawable/ic_launcher"     zhy:imageScaleType="center"     zhy:titleText="helloworldwelcome"     zhy:titleTextColor="#00ff00"     zhy:titleTextSize="20sp" />    <com.zhy.customview02.view.CustomImageView     android:layout_width="wrap_content"     android:layout_height="wrap_content"     android:layout_margin="10dp"     android:padding="10dp"     zhy:image="@drawable/lmj"     zhy:imageScaleType="center"     zhy:titleText="妹子~"     zhy:titleTextColor="#ff0000"     zhy:titleTextSize="12sp" />  </LinearLayout> 

我特意让显示出现3中情况:1、字体的宽度大于图片,且View宽度设置为wrap_content2、View宽度设置为精确值,字体的长度大于此宽度3、图片的宽度大于字体,且View宽度设置为wrap_content看看显示效果:

怎么样,对于这三种情况所展示的效果都还不错吧。

多对自己说“我能行,我一定可以”,

Android App中自定义View视图的实例教程

相关文章:

你感兴趣的文章:

标签云: