flexible battery,各个端口都代表什么意思？
flexible battery,各个端口都代表什么意思？详细介绍
本文目录一览： 大一新生应该背哪些单词为四六级准备
四六级真题核心 500词
A
absolute /'bslu:t/ adj. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的
abundant /'bndnt/ adj. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的
abuse /'bju:z/ v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂
academic /k'demk/ adj. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的
accelerate /k'selret/ v. 加速，促进
accomplish /'kmpl/ vt .完成，到达；实行
acid /'sd/ n. 酸，酸性物质 adj. 酸的；尖刻的
acknowledge /k'nld/ v. 承认；致谢
acquire /'kwa/ vt. 取得，获得；学到
adapt /'dpt/ vi. 适应，适合；改编，改写 vt. 使适应
adequate /'dkwt/ adj. 适当地；足够
adhere /d'h/ vi. 粘附，附着；遵守，坚持
adjust /'dst/ v. 调整，调节
adopt /'dpt/ v. 收养；采用；采纳
agency /'edns/ n. 代理商，经销商
agent /'ednt/ n. 代理人，代理商；
alcohol /'lkhl/ n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精
alter /':lt/ v. 改变，改动，变更
apparent /'prnt/ adj. 显然的，明白的
appeal /'pi:l/ n. /vi. 呼吁，恳求
appetite /'ptat/ n. 胃口；欲望
applause /'pl:z/ n. 鼓掌，掌声
appliance /'plans/ n. 器具，器械
applicable /'plkbl/ adj. 可应用的，适当的
applicant /'plknt/ n. 申请人
appoint /'pnt/ vt. 任命，委派
appreciate /'pri:et/ vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏
approach /'prt/ v. 靠近，接近 n. 途径，方式
appropriate /'prprt/ adj. 适当的
approve /'pru:v/ v. 赞成，同意，批准
approximate /'prksmet/ adj. 大概的，大约 v. 近似
arbitrary /'ɑ:btrr/ adj. 随意的，未断的
architect /'ɑ:ktekt/ n. 建筑师
arise /'raz/ vi. 产生，出现，发生；起身
arouse /'raz/ vt. 引起，激起；唤醒
aspect /'spekt/ n. 方面；朝向；面貌
attach /'tt/ vt. 系，贴；使附属
attitude /'ttju:d/ n. 态度
attraction /'trkn/ n. 吸引，吸引力
authority /:'θrt/ n. 权威；当局权力, 职权
automatic /:t'mtk/ adj. 自动的
auxiliary /:ɡ'zljr/ adj. 辅助的
available /'velbl/ adj. 现成可用的；可得到的
avenue /'vnju:/ n. 林荫道，大街
award /'w:d/ vt. 授予，判给 n. 奖品，奖金
aware /'we/ adj. 意识到
awful /':fl/ adj. 极坏的，威严的，可怕的
awkward /':kwd/ adj. 笨拙的，棘手的
B
bachelor /'btl/ n. 学士，学士学位；单身汉
bacteria /bk'tr/ n. 细菌
balcony /'blkn/ n. 阳台；（剧院）包厢
ban /bɑ:n/ vt. 取缔，禁止
bargain /'bɑ:ɡn/ n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价
barrier /'br/ n. 障碍；棚栏
battery /'btr/ n. 电池（组）
beforehand /b'f:hnd/ ad. 预先，事先
bother /'b/ v. 打搅，麻烦
boundary /'bandr/ n. 分界线，边界
breed /bri:d/ n. 种，品种 v. 繁殖，产仔
budget /'bdt/ n. 预算 v. 编预算，作安排
burden /'b:dn/ n. 重担，负荷
bureau /bj'r/ n. 局，办事处
C
calculate /'klkjlet/ vt. 计算，核算
campus /'kmps/ n. 校园
cancel /'knsl/ vt. 取消，废除
candidate /'knddt/ n. 候选人
capture /'kpt/ vt. 俘虏，捕获
career /k'r/ n. 生涯，职业
casual /'kjl/ adj. 偶然的，碰巧的；临时的；非正式的
catalog /'ktlɡ/ n. 目录（册） v. 编目
chaos /' kes/ n. 混乱，紊乱
clue /klu:/ n. 线索，提示
coach /kt/ n. 教练；长途公共汽车
coarse /k:s/ adj. 粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的
code /kd/ n. 准则，法规，密码
collision /k'ln/ n. 碰撞，冲突
comedy /'kmd/ n. 喜剧
comment /'kment/ n. /v. 评论
commit /k'mt/ vt. 犯（错误，罪行等），干（坏事等）
community /k'mju:nt/ n. 社区，社会
comparable /'kmprbl/ adj. (with, to) 可比较的，类似的
comparative /km'prtv/ adj. 比较的，相对的
compete /km'pi:t/ vi. 竞争，比赛
competent /'kmptnt/ adj. 有能力的，能胜任的
competition /kmp'tn/ n. 竞争，比赛
conquer /'kk/ vt. 征服
consent /kn'sent/ n. 准许，同意 vi (to) 准许，同意
conservation /kns(:)'ven/ n. 保存，保护
conservative /kn's:vtv/ adj. 保守的
consistent /kn'sstnt/ adj. 坚固定；一致的，始终如一的
constant /'knstnt/ adj. 不变的，恒定的 n. 常数
consume /kn'sju:m/ v. 消耗，耗尽
continual /kn'tnjl/ adj. 不断地，频繁的
continuous /kn'tnjs/ adj. 继续的，连续（不断）的
cope /kp/ vi. (with)（成功地）应付，处理
core /k:/ n. 果心，核心
D
dash /d/ vi. 猛冲，飞奔
data /'det/ n. 数据，资料
deaf /def/ adj. 聋的；不愿听的
debate /d'bet/ n. /v. 辩论，争论
debt /det/ n. 欠债
decade /'deked/ n. 十年
decay /d'ke/ vi. 腐烂，腐朽
decent /'di:snt/ adj. 像样的，体面的
decline /d'klan/ v. 拒绝，谢绝；下降
decorate /'dekret/ vt. 装饰，装潢
defect /d'fekt/ n. 缺点，缺陷
delay /d'le/ vt. /n. 推迟，延误，耽搁
deliberately /d'lbretl/ adv. 故意的
delicate /'delkt/ adj. 易碎的；娇弱的；精美的
deposit /d'pzt/ n. 存款，定金 v.存放，储蓄
deputy /'depjt/ n. 副职，代表
derive /d'rav/ vt. 取得，得到；(from /frm /)起源于
descend /d'send/ v. 下来，下降
deserve /d'z:v/ vt. 应受，应得，值得
destructive /ds'trktv/ adj. 破坏性的
device /d'vas/ n. 装置，设备
devise /d'vaz/ vt. 发明，策划，想出
discipline /'dspln/ n. 纪律；惩罚；学科
discount /'dskant/ n. （价格）折扣
discrimination /dskrm'nen/ n. 歧视；辨别力
display /d'sple/ n. /vt. 陈列，展览
dispose /ds'pz/ vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)
distinguish /ds'tɡw/ vt. 区分，辨别
distress /ds'tres/ n. 痛苦，悲伤 vt. 使痛苦
distribute /ds'trbj(:)t/ vt. 分发
disturb /ds't:b/ vt. 打搅，妨碍
diverse /da'v:s/ adj. 不同的，多种多样的
domestic /d'mestk/ adj. 本国的，国内的；家用的；家庭的
drift /drft/ vi. 漂，漂流
drip /drp/ n. 滴
dumb /dm/ adj. 哑的；愚蠢的
dump /dmp/ vt. 倾卸，倾倒
durable /'djrbl/ adj. 耐用的，持久的
duration /dj'ren/ n. 持续，持续期间
E
elaborate /'lbrt/ adj. 精心设计的，复杂的
emotion /'mn/ n. 情感，感情
emphasize /'emfsaz/ vt. 强调，着重
enclose /n'klz/ vt. 围住；把...装入信封
encounter /n'kant/ vt. /n. 遭遇，遭到
entertainment /ent'tenmnt/ n. 娱乐；招待，款待
enthusiasm /n'θju:zzm/ n. 热情，热心
entitle /n'tatl/ vt. 给...权利，给...资格
environment /n'varnmnt/ n. 环境
episode /'epsd/ n. 插曲，片段
equivalent /'kwvlnt/ adj. 相等的 adj. 相等物
erect /'rekt/ adj. 竖直的 v. 建造，竖立
essential /'senl/ adj. 必不可少的；本质的
estimate /'estmet/ n. /vt. 估计，估量
evaluate /'vljet/ vt. 评估，评价
evil /'i:vl/ adj. 邪恶的，坏的
evolution /i:v'lu:n/ n. 演变，进化
evolve /'vlv/ v.演变
exaggerate /ɡ'zdret/ v. 夸大，夸张
exceed /k'si:d/ vt. 超过，越出
exceedingly /k'si:dl/ ad. 非常，极其
excess /k'ses/ n. 过分，过量，过剩
exclaim /ks'klem/ v. 呼喊，大声说
exclude /ks'klu:d/ vt. 把...排斥在外，不包括
exclusive /ks'klu:sv/ adj. 独有的，排他的
excursion /ks'k:n/ n. 远足
expand /ks'pnd/ v. 扩大，扩张；展开，膨胀
expansion /ks'pnn/ n. 扩大，扩充；发展，膨胀
expel /ks'pel/ v. 驱逐，开除，赶出
expend /ks'pend/ v. 消费
expenditure /ks'pendt/ n. 支出，消费；经费
expense /k'spens/ n. 开销，费用
explode /ks'pld/ v. 爆炸；爆发；激增
exploit /ks'plt/ v. 剥削；利用，开采
explore /ks'pl:/ v. 勘探
explosion /ks'pln/ n. 爆炸；爆发；激增
export /'eksp:t/ n. 出口（物） v. 出口，输出
extent /ks'tent/ n. 程度，范围，大小，限度
exterior /eks'tr/ n. 外部，外表 adj. 外部的，外表的
external /eks't:nl/ adj. 外部的，外表的，外面的
extinct /ks'tkt/ adj. 绝灭的，熄灭的
extraordinary /ks'tr:dnr/ adj. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的
extreme /ks'tri:m/ adj. 极度的，极端的 n. 极端，过分
F
facility /f'slt/ n. [pl.] 设备，设施；便利，方便
faculty /'fklt/ n. 能力，技能；系，学科，学院；全体教员
fatal /'fetl/ adj. 致命的；重大的
fate /fet/ n. 命运
fatigue /f'ti:ɡ/ n. 疲劳，劳累
faulty /'f:lt/ adj. 有错误的，有缺点的
favorable /'ferbl/ adj. 称赞道；有利的，顺利的
female /'fi:mel/ adj. 女性的，雌的
fertile /'f:tal/ adj. 肥沃的；多产的
flexible /'fleksbl/ adj. 易弯曲的
focus /'fks/ v. （使）聚集 n. 焦点，中心，聚焦
forbid /f'bd/ vt. 不许，禁止
G
gap /ɡp/ n. 间隔，差距
garbage /'ɡɑ:bd/ n. 垃圾，废物
gaze /ɡez/ v. 凝视，注视
generate /'denret/ vt. 生成，产生（光、热、电等）
genius /'di:njs/ n. 天才，天赋
genuine /'denjn/ adj. 真的，真诚的
glimpse /ɡlmps/ n. 一瞥，一看
global /'ɡlbl/ adj. 全球的；总的
glory /'ɡl:r/ n. 光荣，荣誉
grand /ɡrnd/ adj. 宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的
grant /ɡrɑ:nt/ vt. 授予，同意，准予
grateful /'ɡretfl/ adj. 感激的
gratitude /'ɡrttju:d/ n. 感激
guarantee /ɡrn'ti:/ vt. /n. 保证
guilty /'ɡlt/ adj. 内疚的；有罪的
H
harmony /'hɑ:mn/ n. 和谐，融洽
haste /hest/ n. 急速，急忙
hatred /'hetrd/ n. 憎恶，憎恨
hesitate /'heztet/ v. 犹豫
highlight /'halat/ vt. 强调，突出
hint /hnt/ n. 暗示，示意
hostile /'hstal/ adj. 敌对的，敌意大
household /'hashld/ n. 家庭，户
humble /'hmbl/ adj. 谦逊的；谦虚的
I
identify /a'dentfa/ vt. 认出，鉴定
illegal /'li:ɡl/ adj. 不合法的，非法的
illusion /'lu:n/ n. 错觉
import /m'p:t/ n. 进口（物） v. 进口，输入
impose /m'pz/ vt. 把...加强(on /n /)；
incident /'nsdnt/ n. 事件，事变
individual /nd'vdjl/ adj. 个别的，单独的 n. 个人，个体
inevitable /n'evtbl/ adj. 不可避免的
infect /n'fekt/ v. 传染
infer /n'f:/ v. 推论，推断
inferior /n'fr/ adj. 劣等的，次的，下级的
infinite /'nfnt/ adj. 无限的
ingredient /n'ɡri:dnt/ n. 组成部分
inhabitant /n'hbtnt/ n. 居民
insignificant /nsɡ'nfknt/ adj. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的
insurance /n'rns/ n. 保险，保险费
insure /n'/ vt. 给...上保险，保证，确保
integrate /'ntɡret/ v. (into, with) （使）成为一体，（使）合并使结合成为整体
interfere /nt'f/ v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍
internal /n't:nl/ adj. 内部的，国内的
interpret /n't:prt/ v. 翻译，解释
interpretation /nt:pr'ten/ n. 解释，说明
invade /n'ved/ v. 侵入，侵略，侵袭
isolate /'aslet/ vt. 使隔离，使孤立
issue /'sju:/ n. 问题，争论点；发行，（报刊）一期
J
jealous /'dels/ adj. 妒忌的
joint /dnt/ a.连接的；共同的
junior /'du:nj/ adj. 年少的；资历较浅的
L
launch /l:nt/ vt. 发动，发起
leak /li:k/ v. 漏，渗出
legislation /leds'len/ n. 法律，法规；立法
leisure /'le/ n. 闲暇；悠闲
liberal /'lbrl/ adj. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的
license /'lasns/ n. 许可证，执照
likelihood /'laklhd/ n. 可能，可能性
loosen /'lu:sn/ v. 解开，放松
luxury /'lkr/ n. 奢侈；奢侈品
M
maintain /men'ten/ vt. 维持，保持；坚持，主张
male /mel/ adj. 男性的，雄的
manual /'mnjl/ adj. 用手的，手工做的 n. 手册
manufacture /mnj'fkt/ vt. /n. 制造，加工
marvelous /'mɑ:vlz/ adj. 奇迹般的，惊人的
massive /'msv/ adj. 大的，大量的，大块的
mature /m'tj/ adj. 成熟的
maximum /'mksmm/ adj. 最高的，最大的
medium /'mi:djm/ adj. 中等的，适中的 n. 媒介物，新闻媒介
mere /m/ adj. 仅仅的，只不过的；纯粹的
mild /mald/ adj. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的
minimum /'mnmm/ adj. 最低的，最小的
mixture /'mkst/ n. 混合，混合物
modest /'mdst/ adj. 谦虚的
modify /'mdfa/ vt. 修改
moist /mst/ adj. 潮湿
mood /mu:d/ n. 心情，情绪；语气
moral /'mrl/ adj. 道德上的，有道德的
motivate /'mtvet/ vt. 激励，激发
motive /'mtv/ n. 动机，目的
mutual /'mju:tjl/ adj. 相互的
N.
naked /'nekd/ adj. 裸露的
navigation /nv'ɡen/ n. 航行
necessity /n'sest/ n. 必需品；必要性
negative /'neɡtv/ adj. 否定的，消极的
neglect /n'ɡlekt/ vt. 忽视，忽略
network /'netw:k/ n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络
neutral /'nju:trl/ adj. 中立的，中性的
nevertheless /nev'les/ ad. 仍然，然而，不过
nonsense /'nnsns/ n. 胡说，冒失的行动
notify /'ntfa/ vt. 通知，告知
notion /'nn/ n. 概念；意图，想法
nuisance /'nju:sns/ n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物）
O
oblige /'blad/ v. 迫使，责成；使感激
obscure /b'skj/ adj. 阴暗，模糊不出名的; 不重要的 vt. 使…模糊不清; 掩盖
obstacle /'bstkl/ n. 障碍（物），妨碍
odd /d/ adj. 奇特的，古怪的；奇数的
offend /'fend/ v. 冒犯，触犯
omit /'mt/ vt. 省略
opponent /'pnnt/ n. 敌手，对手
opportunity /p'tju:nt/ n. 机会，时机
optimistic/ / adj. 乐观
optional /'pnl/ adj. 可以任选的，非强制的
orient /':rnt/ vt. 使适应，(to, toward)使朝向 n. 东方
origin /'rdn/ n. 起源，出身
outstanding /at'stnd/ adj. 杰出的，突出的，显著的
P
parallel /'prlel/ n. 平行线；可相比拟的事物
participate /pɑ:'tspet/ v. (in /n /) 参与，参加
particularly /p'tkjll/ ad. 特别，尤其
passion /'pn/ n. 激情，热情
passive /'psv/ adj. 被动的，消极的
personnel /p:s'nel/ n. [总称] 人员，员工；人事部门
phenomenon /f'nmnn/ n. 现象
portable /'p:tbl/ adj. 手提式的
portion /'p:n/ n. 一部分
poverty /'pvt/ n. 贫穷
precaution /pr'k:n/ n. 预防，防备，警惕
prescribe /prs'krab/ vt. 开药，吩咐采用...疗法
preserve /pr'z:v/ v. 保护，保存，保持，维持
presumably ad. 大概，可能
prevail /pr'vel/ vi. 流行，盛行
previous /'pri:vjs/ adj. 先，前，以前的
primitive /'prmtv/ adj. 原始的，早期的
principal /'prnsp()l/ adj. 最重要的 n. 负责人，校长
principle /'prnspl/ n. 原则，原理
prior /'pra/ adj. 优先的，在前的
priority /pra'rt/ n. 优先，重点
private /'pravt/ adj. 私人的，个人的
professional /pr'fenl/ adj. 职业的，专门的
profit /'prft/ n. 利润，益处；v. 有益于，有利于
profitable/ / adj. 有利可图的
prohibit /pr'hbt/ vt. 禁止，不准
prominent /'prmnnt/ adj. 突出的，杰出的
promote /pr'mt/ vt. 促进；提升
prompt /prmpt/ vt. 促使 adj. 敏捷的，及时的
prospect /'prspekt/ n. 前景，前途；景象
prosperity /prs'pert/ n.兴旺，繁荣
provision /pr'vn/ n. 给养，口粮；准备，设备，装置供应, 提供, 供给
pursue /p'sju:/ vt. 追逐；追求；从事，进行
Q
quit /kwt/ v. 停止
quotation /kw'ten/ n. 引文，引语
R
racial /'rel/ adj. 人种的种族的
radiation /red'en/ n. 放射物，辐射
radical /'rdkl/ a.根本的；激进的
range /rend/ n. 幅度，范围 v. （在某范围内）变动
recreation /rekr'e()n/ n. 娱乐活动
recruit /r'kru:t/ vt. 招募，吸收（新成员）
rigid /'rdd/ adj. 严格的；僵硬的
region /'ri:dn/ n. 地区；范围；幅度
register /'redst/ v. /n.登记，注册
regulate /'reɡjlet/ vt. 管理，调节
reinforce /ri:n'f:s/ vt. 增强，加强
reject /r'dekt/ vt. 拒绝
release /r'li:s/ vt. /n. 释放，排放；解释解脱
relevant /'relvnt/ adj. 有关的，切题的
reliable /r'labl/ adj. 可靠的
relief /r'li:f/ n. 轻松，宽慰；减轻
religion /r'ldn/ n. 宗教，宗教信仰
reluctant /r'lktnt/ adj. 不情愿的，勉强的
rely /r'la/ vi. (on /n/ ,upon)依赖，指望
remarkable /r'mɑ:kbl/ adj. 值得注意的，异常的，非凡的
remedy /'remd/ n. /vt. 补救，医治，治疗
remote /r'mt/ adj. 遥远的，偏僻的
removal /r'mu:vl/ n. 除去，消除
render /'rend/ vt. 给予
repetition /rep'tn/ n. 重复，反复
reputation /repj(:)'ten/ n. 名气，声誉
rescue /'reskju:/ vt. /n. 营救
resistant /r'zstst/ adj. (to) 抵抗的，抗...的，耐...的
resolve /r'zlv/ vt. 解决；决定，决意
respond /rs'pnd/ vi. 回答，答复；反应
response /rs'pns/ n. 回答，答复；反应
restrain /rs'tren/ vt. 阻止，抑制
restrict /rs'trkt/ vt. 限制，约束
resume /r'zju:m/ v. （中断后）重新开始
retail /'ri:tel/ n. /v. /ad. 零售
retain /r'ten/ vt. 保留，保持
reveal /r'vi:l/ vt. 揭露
revenue /'revnju:/ n. 收入，岁入；税收
ridiculous /r'dkjls/ adj. 可笑的，荒漠的
rival /'ravl/ n. 竞争对手，敌手
route /ru:t/ n. 路；路线；航线
ruin /rn/ v. 毁坏，破坏 n. 毁灭，[pl.] 废墟
S
sake /sek/ n. 缘故，理由
scale /skel/ n. 大小，规模；等级；刻度
scan /skn/ vt. 细看；扫描；浏览
scandal /'skndl/ n. 丑事，丑闻
scratch /skrt/ v. /n. 抓，搔，扒
secure /s'kj/ adj. 安全的，可靠的
security /s'kjrt/ n. 安全，保障
sensible /'sensbl/ adj. 明智的
sensitive /'senstv/ adj. 敏感到，灵敏的
severe /s'v/ adj. 严重的
shelter /'elt/ n. 掩蔽处；住所
shield /i:ld/ n. 防护物，盾 vt. 保护，防护
shift /ft/ v. 转移；转动；转变
shrink /rk/ vi. 起皱，收缩；退缩
shrug /rɡ/ v. /n. 耸肩
signature /'sɡnt/ n. 签名
significance /sɡ'nfkns/ n. 意义；重要性
simplify /'smplfa/ vt. 简化
sincere /sn's/ adj. 诚挚的，真诚的
sketch /sket/ n. 草图；梗概
slender /'slend/ adj. 苗条的，修长的
slip /slp/ v. 滑动，滑落；忽略
smash /sm/ vt. 粉碎，打烂
sophisticated /s'fstketd/ adj. 老于世故的，老练的；很复杂的
sorrow /'sr/ n. 悲哀，悲痛
spill /spl/ v. 溢出，溅出，倒出
spit /spt/ v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃
splendid /'splendd/ adj. 极好的，壮丽的，辉煌的
split /splt/ v. 劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的
sponsor /'spns/ n. 发起者，主办者 vt. 发起，主办，资助
spot /spt/ n. 地点；斑点 vt. 认出，发现；玷污
spray /spre/ v. 喷，（使）溅散
spur /sp:/ n. /vt. 刺激，激励
stable /'stebl/ adj. 稳定的
stimulate /'stmjlet/ vt. 刺激，激励
strategy /'strtd/ n. 战略，策略
stripe /strap/ n. 条纹
stuff /stf/ n. 原料，材料 vt. 填进，塞满
submit /sb'mt/ vi. (to)屈服，听从
subsequent /'sbskwnt/ adj. 随后的，后来的
substance /'sbstns/ n. 物质；实质
substantial /sb'stnl/ adj. 可观的；牢固的；实质的
substitute /'sbsttju:t/ n. 代用品 vt. 代替
subtract /sb'trkt/ v. 减（去）
suburb /'sb:b/ n. 市郊
survey /s:'ve/ n. /vt. 调查，勘测
suspicion /ss'pn/ n. 怀疑，疑心
suspicious /ss'ps/ adj. 怀疑的，可疑的
swallow /'swl/ v. 吞下，咽下 n. 燕子
T
talent /'tlnt/ n. 才能，天资；人才
target /'tɑ:ɡt/ n. 目标，靶子 vt. 瞄准
tedious /'ti:ds/ adj. 乏味的，单调的，
temple /'templ/ n. 庙宇
temporary /'temprr/ adj. 暂时的，临时的
temptation /temp'ten/ n. 诱惑，引诱
tend /tend/ vi.易于，趋向
tendency /'tendns/ n.趋向，趋势
tender /'tend/ adj. 温柔的；脆弱的
territory /'tertr/ n. 领土
theme /θi:m/ n. 主题
tide /tad/ n. 潮汐；潮流
tidy /'tad/ adj. 整洁的，整齐的
torture /'t:t/ n. /vt. 拷打，折磨
trace /tres/ vt. 追踪，找到 n. 痕迹，踪迹
transform /trns'f:m/ v. 转变，变革；变换
transmit /trnz'mt/ v. 传播，播送；传递
transplant /trns'plɑ:nt/ v. 移植
transport /trns'p:t/ vt. 运输，运送 n. 运输，运输工具
trap /trp/ n. 陷阱，圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉
treaty /'tri:t/ n. 条约，协定
tremble /'trembl/ vi. 颤抖
tremendous /tr'mends/ adj. 巨大的；精彩的
trend /trend/ n. 趋向，倾向
trial /'tral/ n. 审讯；试验
triumph /'tramf/ n. 胜利，成功
tuition /tju:'n/ n. 学费
twist /twst/ vt. 使缠绕；转动；扭歪
U
ultimate /'ltmt/ adj. 极端的，最大的，最终的 n. 极端
undergo /nd'ɡ/ v. 经历，遭受
undertake /nd'tek/ vt. 承担，着手做；同意，答应
unique /ju:'ni:k/ adj. 唯一的，独特的
universal /ju:n'v:sl/ adj. 普遍的，通用的；宇宙的
urban /':bn/ adj. 城市的
urge /:d/ vt. 鼓励，催促
urgent /':dnt/ adj. 急迫的，紧急得
utility /ju:'tlt/ n. 功用，效用
utilize /ju:'tlaz/ vt. 利用
utter /'t/ vt. 说出 adj. 完全的，彻底的
V
vacant /'veknt/ adj. 空的，未占用的
vacuum /'vkjm/ n. 真空，真空吸尘器
vague /veɡ/ adj. 模糊的，不明确的
vain /ven/ adj. 徒劳的，无效的
valid /'vld/ adj. 有效的，有根据的；正当的
vanish /'vn/ vi. 消灭，不见
variable /'verbl/ adj. 易变的，可变的
variation /ver'en/ n. 变化，变动
vary /'ver/ v. 变化，改变；使多样化
vehicle /'vi:kl/ n. 交通工具，车辆
venture /'vent/ n. 风险投资，风险项目 v. 冒险；取于
version /'v:n/ n. 版本，译本；说法
vertical /'v:tkl/ adj. 垂直的
vessel /'vesl/ n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管
via /'va/ prep. 经由，经过，通过
victim /'vktm/ n. 牺牲品，受害者
violence /'valns/ n. 强力，暴力
violent /'valnt/ adj. 强暴的
virtual /'v:tjl/ adj. 虚拟的
virtue /'v:tju:/ n. 美德，优点
virus /'vars/ n. 病毒
vital /'vatl/ adj. 重要的；致命的，生命的
vitally /'vatll/ ad. 极度，非常；致命地
vivid /'vvd/ adj. 生动的
volume /'vlju:m/ n. 卷，册；体积，容量
voluntary /'vlntr/ adj. 自愿的
volunteer /vln't()/ n. 志愿者 v. 自愿（做）
vote /vt/ v. 选举 n. 选票
W
wander /'wnd/ vi. 漫游，闲逛
wealthy /'welθ/ adj. 富裕的
welfare /'welfe/ n. 福利
withdraw /w'dr:/ v. 收回，撤销
withstand /w'stnd/ vt. 经受，承受
witness /'wtns/ n. 目击者；证据 vt. 注意到；证明
wonder /'wnd/ n. 惊奇，奇迹 v. 想知道，对...感到疑惑
Y
yield /ji:ld/ vi. (to)屈服于；让出，放弃 n. 产量
switch手柄电量怎么看
Alum-oxidized reflector 铝氧化反光杯
Arm post 丫叉
Arm 灯臂（平行于地面者）
Balance block 底座配重
Balance steel 平衡线
Ball Jointer 波接头
Barrier 隔离罩（美）（防止灯具的破碎部份射出用，例如石英灯的玻璃片/罩）
Base bottom 底座底
Base top 底座面
Base 底座
Battery cover 电池盖
Bracket 支架
Cast iron 铸铁
Clamp 螺栓夹（夹紧力由螺栓提供，力度较大）
Clip 弹簧夹（夹紧力由弹簧提供，力度较小）
Connect plate 连接片
Ceiling 天花板
Decorative part 装饰件
Decorative ring 装饰环
Enclosure 罩壳（指包容及保护带电体之类的外壳）
Eyeball 牛眼
Eyelet 鸡眼
Filter 滤光镜（例如，过滤紫外光的镜片为UV filter)
Finial 尖顶形装饰，有时兼具螺母的功能
Flexible stem 软喉（欧）
Front shade 前罩
Gooseneck 软喉（美）
Grid guard 防护网
Guard 防护罩（防止人手接触灯具的某部份用，例如：Torchiere的铁丝钢罩）
Handle 手柄（反光杯很汤，有时装有手柄作调整握持用，有时兼作防上灯
具头接触可燃物的间隔（spacer)用。
Heat resisting sheet 隔热片
Heat sink 散热片
Housing 灯罩（指内置式灯具包容灯泡的罩壳）
Jointer 接头
L bracket L形支架
Lamp head 灯具头（一般包括灯泡，灯头，类罩……）
Lamp stand 灯座（一般指底座加灯杆，例如烛台形灯座）
Lamphouse 灯罩，同housing
Lampshade 灯罩（指遮住灯泡的发光部份者，有时称为前罩）
Lens 透明镜片（可兼具guard,baffle,filter之功能）
Locking knob 止动旋钮
Mounting bracket 安装支架
Mounting crossbar 安装横条
Neck post 夹柱
Nut 螺母
Oval bracket 蛋形托架
Plastic gooseneck 胶软喉
Rear shade 后罩
Reflecter 反光灯/罩
Rivet 铆钉
Sandbase 灌沙底座
Screw shell 指Edison 灯泡头的螺纹形外壳，一般为金属制成。
Semicircular base 半圆底座
Shield 隔离罩（欧）（防止灯具的破碎部分射出用，例如石英灯的玻璃片/罩）
Spacer 间隔（防止某两物件的接触用，例如G001/GS灯罩上用以防止灯罩
扣合于台面）
Spacer sheet 垫片
Spring 弹簧
Steel tube 铁通
Stem 灯杆（垂直于地面者）
Stopper 止动片
Support arm 千秋架
Swing arm 摇臂
Switch housing 开关壳
Terminal （接线）端子
Toughened glass 强化玻璃
Trim 装饰圈（例如用于内置式灯的和灯罩housing相配的露在天花外
的部分，一般为圈形）
U bracket U形支架
Upper clip 上夹
Wing nut 翼形螺母
Screw 螺钉 Washer 介子
Hexagon head screw 六角头螺丝 External tooth lock washer 外菊花介子
Machine screw 机械螺丝 Fender washer 防尘介子
Mounting screw 安装用螺钉 Fender washer 间隔介子
Nickle-plated screw 电线螺丝 Fibber washer 快巴介子
Phillips screw 十字头螺钉 Flat washer/Plain washer 平介子
Screw driver 螺丝批 Internal tooth lock washer 内菊花介子
Self-tapping screw 自攻螺钉 Rubber washer 橡胶介子
Stop screw 止动螺丝 Split lock washer 裂开型弹弓介子
Thread-cutting screw 车牙螺丝 Spring washer 弹弓介子
Threaded stem 螺杆（柱） Threaded tube 空心螺杆
Thread-forming screw 滚牙螺丝 Tooth washer 菊花介子
Wood screw 木用螺钉 Wave washer 波浪介子
Switch 开关
Breaker 开关（一般在不通电状况下操作） Photo switch 光敏开关
Circuit breaker 闸刀开关 PIR switch 人体感应开关
Cord switch 拉线开关 Pressure switch 压力开关
Dimmer switch 调光开关 Push switch 推拉开关
DIP switch 双联包装拨动式开关 Push-button switch 按钮式开关
Foot switch 脚制 Rocker switch 摇摆式开关
Knob switch 旋钮开关 Rotary switch 旋转式开关
Line switch 线开关，中途制 Switch 开关（一般在通电状况下操作）
Touch switch 触摸开关 Three-way switch 三档开关
Thru cord switch 串在电线中的开关
switch怎么看手柄电量百分比：1、选择控制器。将switch主机打开，桌面下面有六个圆圈图标，选择第四个图标，即控制器；2、查看手柄电量，点击进入switch控制界面，即可看到手柄点了，且手柄与其信号灯方向是一一对应的。需要注意的是手柄上的呼吸灯并不是显示电量的多少，只是显示手柄的顺序，灯亮了是指这个手柄是P1。点击进入switch控制界面,即可看到手柄点了,且手柄与其信号灯方向是一一对应的。需要注意的是手柄上的呼吸灯并不是显示电量的。
空乘必须掌握的航空英语缩略词
空乘必须掌握的航空英语缩略词
航空英语中包含大量缩略词，缩略词对于从事航空飞机行业的我们具有很重要的作用。下面是我为大家带来的关于空乘必须掌握的航空英语缩略词，欢迎阅读。
A
ABV Above 上方
A/C Aircraft;Air Conditioning 飞机;空调
ACCEL Acceleration, Accelerate (d), Accelerometers 加速，加速度计
ACN Aircraft Classification Number 飞机分类编号
ACT Active 工作的，有效的，生效的，正在使用的
ACU Air Conditioning Unit 空调组件
ADDR Address 地址，广播
ADF Automatic Direction Finder 自动定向仪，无线电罗盘
ADS Air Data System 大气数据系统
ADV Advance 提前，预先
AECU Audio Electronic Control Unit 音响电子控制组件
AFCS Automatic Flight Control System 自动飞行控制系统
AFM Airplane Flight Manual 飞机飞行手册(FAA批准)
A/G Air/Ground 空中/地面，空/地
AGL Above Ground Level 高于地面
AH Alert Height 警戒高度
AIDS Aircraft Integrated Data System 飞机综合数据系统
AIL Aileron 副翼
ALIGN Aligning， Alignment 校准，对准
ALPHA Alpha 字母，迎角
ALT Altitude 高度
ALTM Altimeter 高度表
ALTN Alternate 备用
ALTS Altitude Select 高度选择
AMM Aircraft Maintenance Manual 飞机维护手册
AMP Amperes 安培
AMPL Amplifier 放大(器)
AMTOSS Aircraft Maintenance Task Oriented Support System 飞机维护任务保障系统
AN/CDU Alternate Navigation on CDU 控制显示组件的备用导航
ANN ANNUN Annunciator 告示牌，信号牌(灯)
ANT Antenna 天线
AOA Angle of Attack 迎角
AOG Aircraft On Ground 停飞飞机，飞机停飞
A/P Autopilot 自动驾驶仪
APD/CL Access Panels and Doors/Component Location 盖板和舱门/部件位置
APL Airplane 飞机
APM Airport Planning Manual 机场计划手册
APP Approach 进近
APPR Approach 进近
APPROX Approximately 大约
AR As Required 按需要
ARINC Aeronautical Radio Incorporated 航空无线电公司
ARM Aircraft Recovery Manual 飞机修复手册
ARPT Airport 机场
ARR Arrival 到达，进港
A/S Airspeed;Antiskid 空速;防滞
ASYM Asymmetrical 不对称的
ASSY Assembly 组件，组装
Asym Asymmetric/Asymmetry 不对称
ATA Actual Time of Arrival 实际到达时间
ATA 100 Air Transport Association of America Specification No.100 美国航空运输协会第100号规范
ATC Air Traffic Control 空中交通管制
ATT Attitude;Attendant 姿态
ATTD Attitude 姿态;乘务员
ATTND Attendant (空中)服务员
AUTO Automatic 自动
AUTO BAL Automatic Balance 自动平衡
AUTOTHROT Autothrottle 自动油门
ATTO XFER Automatic Transfer 自动转换
AUX Auxiliary 辅助
AV Avionics 航空电子设备
AVAIL Available 存在，可用，有
AVG Average 平均
AZ Azimuth 方位
B
BAL Balance 平衡
BARO Barometric Pressure 气压压力
BATT Battery 电瓶
BAT Battery 电瓶
BB Broad Band 宽带
BK Break 中断，打断
BKGRD Background 背景
BKR Breaker 断电器
BRG Bearing 方位; 轴承
BRK Brake 刹车(装置)，制动(装置)
BRT Bright; Brightness (stroke intensity control) 亮度(频闪灯亮度控制)
BTL Bottle 氧气瓶，灭火瓶
BTMS Brake Temperature Monitoring System 刹车温度监视系统
C
Center, Caution, Cable, Captain, Celsius, Cool, Cabin, Cycles 中心，注意，电缆，机长，摄氏，冷却，座舱， 循环
CAA Civil Aviation Authority (英国)民航局
Cab Cabin 客舱
CAL Calibrate 校正，校准
CANC Cancel 取消，删除
CAP Capture 载获
CAPT or C Captain 机长
CAS Calibrated Airspeed 校准空速
CAT Category 目录，类
CATII Category II 二类飞行标准
CB C/B Circuit Breaker 跳开关，电路断路器
CCA Circuit Card Assembly 电路板组件
CCW Counter-clockwise 逆时针 反时针
CDU Control Display Unit 控制显示组件
CG Center of Gravity 重心
CH Chapter， Channel 章，通道
CHGR Charger 充电器，加注器
CHR Chronometer 精密计时器，秒表
CK Check 检查
CKPT Cockpit 驾驶舱
CKT Circuit 电路
CL Close 关闭，闭合
C/L Centerline 中心线
CLB Climb， Maximum Climb 爬高，爬升;最大爬升
CLK Clock 时钟
CLR Clear 清除
CM Centimeters 厘米
CMD Command 指令，命令
CMM Component Maintenance Manual 部件维护手册
CMPS Compass 罗盘
CMPTR Computer 计算机
CNTRL， Cntrl Control 控制，操纵(机构)
CO Carbon Dioxide;Company 二氧化碳; 公司
COM Communication 通讯，连络
Comb Combustor;Combination 燃烧室; 结合，组合
COMM Communication 通讯，联络
COMND Command 指令，指挥
COMP Compartment; Comparator 舱; 比较器
COMP Compressor;Compensate, Compensator 压气机;补偿 补偿器
COND Condition，conditioning; Continued 条件，状态;调节;继续
CONFIG Configuration 配置，布局，形态
CONN Connection 连接，接头
CONT Control, Continuous, Contactor, Controller 控制，操纵，连续的`，接触器，控制器
COOL Cooling 冷却，散热
CORR Correction 修正
CRS Course 航道，航线
CRZ Cruise 巡航
CSN Cycles Since New 总循环数
CT Control Transformer 控制变压器
CT Current Transformer 电流互感器
CTL Control; COMM/NAV Tuning Unit 控制;通讯导航调谐组件
CTR; ctr Contour; Center 轮廓;中央，中心
CU Copper 铜
CU Control Unit 控制组件
cw Clockwise 顺时针
D
DB, dB Decibel 分贝
DBU Data Base Unit 数据库组件
DC Direct Current 直流电
D&C Delays & Cancellations (飞行)延误和取消
DECEL, decel Decelerate 减速
Deg Degree 度
DEFL Defuel 放油，抽油
DEL Delete 删除
DEMUX Demultiplexer 信号分离器
Den Density 密度
DEP Departure 离港，离开
DEPR Depressurize 释压， 减压
DEPT Departure 离港，离场
DES Descent 下降
DEST Destination 目的地
DET Detector 探测器
DEV Deviation 偏离，偏差，缺差
dia Diameter 直径
diag Diagonal 对角(线)的
diag Diagram 图
diam Diameter 直径
DIFF, diff Difference， Differential 差，压差，差别的
Dig, dig Digital 数字的
Dim, dim Dimension 尺寸
DIR, dir Direct; Direction 直接，直飞; 方向
DISC Disconnect 脱开，断开
DISCH Discharge 释放，放电，出口(气)
DISEG, diseg Disengage 断开，脱开
Disp disp Dispatch 派遣，放飞
DIST Distance 距离
Div, div Division 部分，一格，分隔
DK Deck 舱
DME Distance Measuring Equipment 测距机
Dmax Maximum Diameter 最大直径
Dmin Minimum Diameter 最小直径
DN Down 下，向下，放下
DSPL Display 显示，显示器
DTG Distance To Go 待飞距离
DTY dty Duty 负荷，负载，
DU Display Unit 显示组件，显示器
E
EDU Electronic Display Unit 电子显示组件
E/E Electrical/Electronic 电气/电子(设备)
EEC Electronic Engine Control 电子发动机控制装置
EIU Engine Interface Unit 发动机接口组件
EL Elevation 标高
ELCU Electrical Load Control Unit 电气负荷控制组件
Elec elec Electrical 电 电气
Elev elev Elevator 升降舵
Elex elex Electronics 电子设备
ELEC Electrical 电气的，电的
ELVE Elevator 升降舵
EMER, EMG Emergency 应急
Enbl enbl Enable 接通， 导通，使。。。能
ENG Engage; Engine 接通，衔接，啮合; 发动机
ENT Enter， Entry 输入，进入
EO, ENG OUT Engine Out 发动机停车
EQUIP or EQPT Equipment 设备
EROPS Extended Range Operations 远程飞行
ESN Engine Serial Number 发动机序号
ESS Essential 重要(设备)
ET Elapsed Time 已飞时间，消逝时间
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival 预计到达时间
EVAC Evacuation 撤离，排出
EXEC exec Execute 执行
EXH Exhaust 排气
EXT Extend; External 放出，延伸; 外部
EXTD extd Extend 放出，伸出，延伸
EXTIN Extinguish(ed)，Extinguisher 灭火，熄灭， 灭火瓶
F
F Fahrenheit 华氏
F/A Flight Attendant 空中乘务员
FAA Federal Aviation Administration 美国联邦航空局
FAIL Failure 故障，失效
FAR Federal Aviation Regulation 联邦航空规则
Fax fax Facsimile 传真
F/E Flight Engineer 空中机械师
Fig fig Figure 图， 表
FILT Filter 过滤器(油滤、气滤)
FIM Fault Isolation Manual 故障隔离手册
FIRE BTL Fire Bottle 灭火瓶
FIREX Fire Extinguisher 灭火器(瓶)
FL Flight Level 飞行高度层
FLD fld Field 段，区，外场，机场
Flex flex Flexible 柔软的，软的，
FLT Flight 飞行
FLT DIR Flight Director 飞行指引仪
FLT PLAN Flight Plan 飞行计划
Fltr fltr 过滤器，滤网
FLUOR fluor Fluorescent 萤光的
FM Frequency Modulation 调频
FPLN Flight Plan 飞行计划
FPM Feet Per Minute 英尺/分钟
FREQ， FQY Frequency 频率
FRM Fault Reporting Manual 故障报告手册
F/S Fast/Slow 快/慢
FT ft Feet， Foot 英尺
FTB Flight Test Bed 飞行检查台
Fus fus Fuselage; fuse 机身;保险丝，熔断丝
FW Fire Wall 防火墙
FWD fwd Forward 向前
G
G(+/-) Receiver Gain 接收机增益
G or g Green (lights only) 绿色
GA Go Around 复飞
GAL gal Gallon 加仑
Gal/hr Gallons per Hour 加仑/小时
GALY Galley 厨房，服务间
GE General Electric 通用电气(公司)
GEN Generator 发电机
GLD Ground Lift Dumping 地面减升
gm Gram 克
gm in Gram inches 克-英寸
GMT Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治时间
GND gnd Ground 地面，地线，接地
Gov Governor 调节器，调速器
GPH Gallon Per Hour 加仑/小时
GPM Gallon Per Minute 加仑/分钟
GPS Global Position System 全球定位系统
GR Gear 起落架
GRAV Gravity 重力，
GPWR Ground Power 地面电源
Gr gr Gear 起落架，齿轮
Grd grd Ground 地面，地线，接地
Grn grn Green 绿色
G/S Ground School 地面课程
GS; G/S Glide Slope; Ground Speed 下滑道;地速
GSE Ground Support Equipment 地面保障设备
GTOW Gross Take-off Weight 总起飞重量
GUID Guidance 引导，导航，导引
GV Ground Valves
GW Gross Weight 总重
GWT Gross Weight 总重
Gyro gyro Gyroscope 陀螺仪
H
HASOV Hot Air Shutoff Valve 燃气关断活门
HDG hdg Heading 航向
HDG HOLD Heading Hold 航向保持
HDG SEL Heading Select 航向选择
HEX hex Hexagonal or Hexagon 六角(边)形(的)
HG Mercury 水银(柱)
HGR hgr Hangar 机库
HGS Head-up Guidance System 平视引导系统
HI High 高
HIRF High Intensity Radiated Fields 高强度幅射区
HI-Z High Impedance 高阻抗
HLD Hold 保持，等待
HLDR Holder 托架，夹板
HM hm Hydromechanical 液压机械的
HOR, HORIZ Horizontal 水平的，横的
HORZ Horizon 地平线，地平仪
HOT High Oil Temperature 滑油高温
HP High Pressure 高压
HPA Hectopascals 百帕斯卡(气压单位)
HPT High Pressure Turbine 高压涡轮
HPTR High Pressure Turbine Rotor 高压涡轮转子
HPV High Pressure Valve 高压活门
HQI Hydraulic Quantity Indicator 液压油量表
HR hr Hour 小时
Hr/yr Hour/Year 小时/每年
HRD High Rate Discharge Fire Extinguisher 高速释放灭火瓶
HSBL Horizontal Stabilizer Buttock line 水平安定面纵剖线
hsg Housing 壳体，罩，座
HT ht 高 高度
HTR Heater 加温器
HUD Heads-up Display 平视显示器，平显
HYD Hydraulic 液压
Hz Hertz 赫兹，周
I
IAF Initial Approach Fix 起始进场定位点
IAS Indicated Airspeed 指示空速
IAW In Accordance With 按照，根据
I/B Inboard 内侧
IBIT Initiated Bit 起始位
IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民用航空组织
ID Identification 识别(标志)
IDENT ident Identification 识别(标志)
IDG Integrated Drive Generator 整体驱动发电机
IDS Instrument Display System 仪表显示系统
IEC IAPS Environmental Controller IAPS环境控制器
IEU Interphone Electronic Unit 内话电子组件
IF Intermediate Frequency 中频
IFLT In Flight 飞行中，空中
IFR Instrument Flight Rules 仪表飞行规则
IFSD In-flight Shutdown 空中停车
IGN Ignition 点火
ILLUM illum Illunmination 照明，照亮
ILS Instrument Landing System 仪表着陆系统，盲降系统
IM ILS Inner Marker 盲降内台(近台)
IMC Instrument Meteorological Condition 仪表气象条件
IMP Imperial 英制的
IN Inch; Inches 英寸
INBD Inboard; inbound 内侧;进场，向台
INC Include; increase 并入，包括;增加，增大
INCR Increase 增加，上升
IND Indicator; Indication 指示器，指示
IND LTS Indicator Lights 指示灯
INFLT In Flight 飞行中，空中
Info info Information 信息，
INHIB，INH Inhibit 禁止，抑制
INIT init Initial Initialization 初始，启始，初始化
INOP Inoperative 不工作
INSP Inspection 检查
INST, INSTR Instrument 仪表
INSTL Installation Install 安装
IPS Inches per Second 英寸/秒
ISLN isln Isolation 隔离，隔开
ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准组织
ISOL, ISLN Isolation 隔离
J
J Joule 焦耳
JAA Joint Airworthiness Authority 联合适航性管理局
JB Junction Box 接线盒
J-Box Junction Box 接线盒
Jct jct Junction 连接 接合 接点
JK Jack 插座
;
救急!!!汽车方面英文文章(约10000个单词)要有翻译的
Diesel vehicles
Diesel vehicles may be making a comeback. Diesel engines are more powerful and fuel-efficient than similar-sized gasoline engines (about 30-35% more fuel efficient). Plus, today's diesel vehicles are much improved over diesels of the past.
Better Performance
Improved fuel injection and electronic engine control technologies have
Increased power
Improved acceleration
Increased efficiency
New engine designs, along with noise- and vibration-damping technologies, have made them quieter and smoother. Cold-weather starting has been improved also.
Cleaner
Today's diesels must meet the same emissions standards as gasoline vehicles, and advances in engine technologies, ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, and improved exhaust treatment have made this possible.
Although emissions of particulates and smog-forming nitrogen oxides (NOx) are still relatively high, new "clean" diesel fuels, such as ultra-low sulfur diesel and biodiesel, and advances in emission control technologies will reduce these pollutants also.
Hybrid-electric vehicles;
Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) combine the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors and can be configured to obtain different objectives, such as improved fuel economy, increased power, or additional auxiliary power for electronic devices and power tools.
Some of the advanced technologies typically used by hybrids include
Regenerative Braking. The electric motor applies resistance to the drivetrain causing the wheels to slow down. In return, the energy from the wheels turns the motor, which functions as a generator, converting energy normally wasted during coasting and braking into electricity, which is stored in a battery until needed by the electric motor.
Electric Motor Drive/Assist. The electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine in accelerating, passing, or hill climbing. This allows a smaller, more efficient engine to be used. In some vehicles, the motor alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient.
Automatic Start/Shutoff. Automatically shuts off the engine when the vehicle comes to a stop and restarts it when the accelerator is pressed. This prevents wasted energy from idling.
Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs)
Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) are designed to run on gasoline or a blend of up to 85% ethanol (E85). Except for a few engine and fuel system modifications, they are identical to gasoline-only models.
FFVs have been produced since the 1980s, and dozens of models are currently available. Since FFVs look just like gasoline-only models, you may have an FFV and not even know it. To determine if your vehicle is an FFV, check the inside of your car's fuel filler door for an identification sticker or consult your owner’s manual.
FFVs experience no loss in performance when operating on E85. However, since a gallon of ethanol contains less energy than a gallon of gasoline, FFVs typically get about 20-30% fewer miles per gallon when fueled with E85.
Electric vehicles (EVs)
Electric vehicles (EVs) are propelled by an electric motor (or motors) powered by rechargeable battery packs. Electric motors have several advantages over internal combustion engines (ICEs):
Energy efficient. Electric motors convert 75% of the chemical energy from the batteries to power the wheels—internal combustion engines (ICEs) only convert 20% of the energy stored in gasoline.
Environmentally friendly. EVs emit no tailpipe pollutants, although the power plant producing the electricity may emit them. Electricity from nuclear-, hydro-, solar-, or wind-powered plants causes no air pollutants.
Reduce energy dependence. Electricity is a domestic energy source.
Performance benefits. Electric motors provide quiet, smooth operation and stronger acceleration and require less maintenance than ICEs.
The Down Side: Batteries
EVs face significant battery-related challenges:
Driving range. Most EVs can only go 150 miles (or less) before recharging—gasoline vehicles can go over 300 miles before refueling.
Recharge time. Fully recharging the battery pack can take 4 to 8 hours.
Battery cost: The large battery packs are expensive and usually must be replaced one or more times.
Bulk & weight: Battery packs are heavy and take up considerable vehicle space.
Researchers are working on improved battery technologies to increase driving range and decrease recharging time, replacement frequency, weight, and cost. These factors will ultimately determine the future of EVs.
翻译没找到~~~~~~
Diesel vehicles
Diesel vehicles may be making a comeback. Diesel engines are more powerful and fuel-efficient than similar-sized gasoline engines (about 30-35% more fuel efficient). Plus, today's diesel vehicles are much improved over diesels of the past.
柴油车柴油车可能正在东山再起. 柴油引擎更强大,更省油,比同样大小的汽油发动机(约30-35%的燃油效率) . 再加上,今天的柴油车,大大改善了柴油机的过去.
Better Performance
Improved fuel injection and electronic engine control technologies have
Increased power
Improved acceleration
Increased efficiency
New engine designs, along with noise- and vibration-damping technologies, have made them quieter and smoother. Cold-weather starting has been improved also.
表现较好的改善燃料喷射和发动机电子控制技术的进步已增加力量加快改善效率,增加新的引擎设计, 随着噪声及减振技术,取得了他们的宁静和畅顺. 寒冷天气开始有所改善也.
Cleaner
Today's diesels must meet the same emissions standards as gasoline vehicles, and advances in engine technologies, ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, and improved exhaust treatment have made this possible.
Although emissions of particulates and smog-forming nitrogen oxides (NOx) are still relatively high, new "clean" diesel fuels, such as ultra-low sulfur diesel and biodiesel, and advances in emission control technologies will reduce these pollutants also.
今天清洁的柴油,必须符合相同的排放标准,汽油车,先进的引擎技术, 超低硫柴油,并改进尾气处理有这个可能. 虽然排放的悬浮粒子和烟雾形成的氮氧化物( NOX )仍比较高,新的"干净"的柴油燃料相比, 如超低含硫量柴油,生物柴油和垫款在排放控制技术,可减少这些污染物也.
Hybrid-electric vehicles;
Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) combine the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors and can be configured to obtain different objectives, such as improved fuel economy, increased power, or additional auxiliary power for electronic devices and power tools.
Some of the advanced technologies typically used by hybrids include混合电动车; 混合动力电动汽车(的HEV )结合的好处,汽油发动机和电动马达,可以通过配置来获取不同的目标,这种 作为提高燃油经济性,提高动力,或额外的辅助电源的电子设备和电动工具. 一些先进的技术,通常用杂交种包括:
Regenerative Braking. The electric motor applies resistance to the drivetrain causing the wheels to slow down. In return, the energy from the wheels turns the motor, which functions as a generator, converting energy normally wasted during coasting and braking into electricity, which is stored in a battery until needed by the electric motor. 再生制动. 电动机电阻适用于传动造成车轮放慢了. 作为回报,能量从车轮转动马达,它的功能是一台发电机, 能源转换通常浪费在滑行和刹车成电力, 这是储存在电池直到所需的电机.
Electric Motor Drive/Assist. The electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine in accelerating, passing, or hill climbing. This allows a smaller, more efficient engine to be used. In some vehicles, the motor alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient.
电机驱动/协助. 电动机提供额外的权力,以协助发动机在加速,超越,或爬山. 这使得规模较小,更加高效的引擎可以使用. 在一些车辆,电动机单独提供电源低速驾驶的情况下,内燃机是最有效的.
Automatic Start/Shutoff. Automatically shuts off the engine when the vehicle comes to a stop and restarts it when the accelerator is pressed. This prevents wasted energy from idling.
自动启动/关机. 自动拒之门外引擎当汽车来停止并重新启动它时,油门被按下. 这样可避免浪费能源,从空转.
Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs)
Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) are designed to run on gasoline or a blend of up to 85% ethanol (E85). Except for a few engine and fuel system modifications, they are identical to gasoline-only models.
FFVs have been produced since the 1980s, and dozens of models are currently available. Since FFVs look just like gasoline-only models, you may have an FFV and not even know it. To determine if your vehicle is an FFV, check the inside of your car's fuel filler door for an identification sticker or consult your owner’s manual.
灵活燃料汽车(FFVs)灵活燃料汽车(FFVs) ,设计运行于汽油或混合最多 85%乙醇( e85 ) . 除了少数的发动机和燃油系统的改装,它们是相同的汽油只有模型. 灵活燃料汽车已累计生产80年代以来,几十种型号,目前可用. 自灵活燃料汽车很像汽油唯一模式,你可以有一个新鲜水果和蔬菜,甚至不知道它. 确定如果你的汽车是一个新鲜水果和蔬菜, 检查内你的车子的加油口门上一贴,鉴定或请教你的车主手册.
FFVs experience no loss in performance when operating on E85. However, since a gallon of ethanol contains less energy than a gallon of gasoline, FFVs typically get about 20-30% fewer miles per gallon when fueled with E85.
灵活燃料汽车的经验,没有任何财物损失,在性能上经营e85 . 然而,由于一加仑乙醇含有更少的能源比一加仑汽油, 外国船队通常有约20-30%少英里每加仑,当燃用e85 .
Electric vehicles (EVs)
Electric vehicles (EVs) are propelled by an electric motor (or motors) powered by rechargeable battery packs. Electric motors have several advantages over internal combustion engines (ICEs): 电动车(电动车)电动车(电动车) ,发动机由电动机(或马达)提供动力的电池包. 电动马达拥有几项优势内燃机(考) :
Energy efficient. Electric motors convert 75% of the chemical energy from the batteries to power the wheels—internal combustion engines (ICEs) only convert 20% of the energy stored in gasoline.
Environmentally friendly. EVs emit no tailpipe pollutants, although the power plant producing the electricity may emit them. Electricity from nuclear-, hydro-, solar-, or wind-powered plants causes no air pollutants. 能源效率. 电动马达,将75%的化学能量从电池为电源的车轮-内燃机(考) ,只有转换 20%的能源储存汽油. 环保. 电动车不会排放废气污染物,虽然电厂生产的电力,排出的可能. 电力来自核,水能,太阳能,风能发电厂没有造成空气中的污染物.
Reduce energy dependence. Electricity is a domestic energy source.
Performance benefits. Electric motors provide quiet, smooth operation and stronger acceleration and require less maintenance than ICEs.
The Down Side: Batteries
减少对能源的依赖. 电力是国内的能源来源. 性能优点. 电动马达提供安静,平稳操作和强大的加速度,需要的维修较少,比考. 弊:电池
EVs face significant battery-related challenges:
Driving range. Most EVs can only go 150 miles (or less) before recharging—gasoline vehicles can go over 300 miles before refueling.
Recharge time. Fully recharging the battery pack can take 4 to 8 hours.
Battery cost: The large battery packs are expensive and usually must be replaced one or more times.
Bulk & weight: Battery packs are heavy and take up considerable vehicle space.
Researchers are working on improved battery technologies to increase driving range and decrease recharging time, replacement frequency, weight, and cost. These factors will ultimately determine the future of EVs. 电动车面临着电池相关的挑战:练习场. 大部分电动车只能走150英里(或更少) ,然后充电汽油车辆可走300英里,然后加油. 充电时间. 完全充电的电池包可以采取4至8小时. 电池成本:大型电池盒十分昂贵,通常必须更换1次或更多次. 体积及重量:电池包重,并采取了相当多的车辆空间. 研究人员正在改进电池技术,以增加练习场和减少充电时间,更换频率,重量和成本. 这些因素最终决定自己前途的电动车.
各个端口都代表什么意思？
按照端口号的大小分类，可分为如下几类 ：
（1）公认端口（WellKnownPorts）：从0到1023，它们紧密绑定（binding）于一些服务。通常这些端口的通讯明确表明了某种服务的协议。例如：80端口实际上总是HTTP通讯。
（2）注册端口（RegisteredPorts）：从1024到49151。它们松散地绑定于一些服务。也就是说有许多服务绑定于这些端口，这些端口同样用于许多其它目的。例如：许多系统处理动态端口从1024左右开始。
（3）动态和/或私有端口（Dynamicand/orPrivatePorts）：从49152到65535。理论上，不应为服务分配这些端口。实际上，机器通常从1024起分配动态端口。但也有例外：SUN的RPC端口从32768开始。
各种服务常用端口号：
1，HTTP协议代理服务器常用端口号：80/8080/3128/8081/9098
2，SOCKS代理协议服务器常用端口号：1080
3，FTP（文件传输）协议代理服务器常用端口号：21
4，Telnet（远程登录）协议代理服务器常用端口号：23
5，HTTP服务器，默认端口号为80/tcp（木马Executor开放此端口）
6，HTTPS（securely transferring web pages）服务器，默认端口号为443/tcp 443/udp
7，Telnet（不安全的文本传送），默认端口号为23/tcp（木马Tiny Telnet Server所开放的端口）
8，FTP，默认的端口号为21/tcp（木马Doly Trojan、Fore、Invisible FTP、WebEx、WinCrash和Blade Runner所开放的端口）
9，TFTP（Trivial File Transfer Protocol），默认端口号为69/udp
10，SSH（安全登录）、SCP（文件传输）、端口号重定向，默认的端口号为22/tcp
11，SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol（E-mail），默认端口号为25/tcp（木马Antigen、Email Password Sender、Haebu Coceda、Shtrilitz Stealth、WinPC、WinSpy都开放这个端口）
12，POP3 Post Office Protocol（E-mail），默认端口号为110/tcp
13，Webshpere应用程序，默认端口号为9080
14，webshpere管理工具，默认端口号9090
15，JBOSS，默认端口号为8080
16，TOMCAT，默认端口号为8080
17，WIN2003远程登录，默认端口号为3389
18，Symantec AV/Filter for MSE,默认端口号为 8081
19，Oracle 数据库，默认的端口号为1521
20，ORACLE EMCTL，默认的端口号为1158
21，Oracle XDB（XML 数据库），默认的端口号为8080
22，Oracle XDB FTP服务，默认的端口号为2100
23，MS SQL*SERVER数据库server，默认的端口号为1433/tcp 1433/udp
24，MS SQL*SERVER数据库monitor，默认的端口号为1434/tcp 1434/udp
1 tcpmux TCP Port Service Multiplexer 传输控制协议端口服务多路开关选择器
2 compressnet Management Utility compressnet 管理实用程序
3 compressnet Compression Process 压缩进程
5 rje Remote Job Entry 远程作业登录
7 echo Echo 回显
9 discard Discard 丢弃
11 systat Active Users 在线用户
13 daytime Daytime 时间
17 qotd Quote of the Day 每日引用
18 msp Message Send Protocol 消息发送协议
19 chargen Character Generator 字符发生器
20 ftp-data File Transfer[Default Data] 文件传输协议(默认数据口)
21 ftp File Transfer[Control] 文件传输协议(控制)
22 ssh SSH Remote Login Protocol SSH远程登录协议
23 telnet Telnet 终端仿真协议
24 any private mail system 预留给个人用邮件系统
25 smtp Simple Mail Transfer 简单邮件发送协议
27 nsw-fe NSW User System FE NSW 用户系统现场工程师
29 msg-icp MSG ICP MSG ICP
31 msg-auth MSG Authentication MSG验证
33 dsp Display Support Protocol 显示支持协议
35 any private printer server 预留给个人打印机服务
37 time Time 时间
38 rap Route Access Protocol 路由访问协议
39 rlp Resource Location Protocol 资源定位协议
41 graphics Graphics 图形
42 nameserver WINS Host Name Server WINS 主机名服务
43 nicname Who Is "绰号" who is服务
44 mpm-flags MPM FLAGS Protocol MPM(消息处理模块)标志协议
45 mpm Message Processing Module [recv] 消息处理模块
46 mpm-snd MPM [default send] 消息处理模块(默认发送口)
47 ni-ftp NI FTP NI FTP
48 auditd Digital Audit Daemon 数码音频后台服务49 tacacs Login Host Protocol (TACACS) TACACS登录主机协议50 re-mail-ck Remote Mail Checking Protocol 远程邮件检查协议[未结束]
51 la-maint IMP Logical Address Maintenance IMP(接口信息处理机)逻辑地址维护
52 xns-time XNS Time Protocol 施乐网络服务系统时间协议
53 domain Domain Name Server 域名服务器
54 xns-ch XNS Clearinghouse 施乐网络服务系统票据交换 55 isi-gl ISI Graphics Language ISI图形语言
56 xns-auth XNS Authentication 施乐网络服务系统验证
57 ? any private terminal access 预留个人用终端访问
58 xns-mail XNS Mail 施乐网络服务系统邮件
59 any private file service 预留个人文件服务
60 Unassigned 未定义
61 ni-mail NI MAIL NI邮件?
62 acas ACA Services 异步通讯适配器服务
63 whois+ whois+ WHOIS+
64 covia Communications Integrator (CI) 通讯接口
65 tacacs-ds TACACS-Database Service TACACS数据库服务
66 sql*net Oracle SQL*NET Oracle SQL*NET
67 bootps Bootstrap Protocol Server 引导程序协议服务端
68 bootpc Bootstrap Protocol Client 引导程序协议客户端
69 tftp Trivial File Transfer 小型文件传输协议
70 gopher Gopher 信息检索协议
71 netrjs-1 Remote Job Service 远程作业服务
72 netrjs-2 Remote Job Service 远程作业服务
73 netrjs-3 Remote Job Service 远程作业服务
74 netrjs-4 Remote Job Service 远程作业服务
75 any private dial out service 预留给个人拨出服务
76 deos Distributed External Object Store 分布式外部对象存储
77 any private RJE service 预留给个人远程作业输入服务
78 vettcp vettcp 修正TCP?
79 finger Finger 查询远程主机在线用户等信息
80 http World Wide Web HTTP 全球信息网超文本传输协议 81 hosts2-ns HOSTS2 Name Server HOST2名称服务
82 xfer XFER Utility 传输实用程序
83 mit-ml-dev MIT ML Device 模块化智能终端ML设备
84 ctf Common Trace Facility 公用追踪设备
85 mit-ml-dev MIT ML Device 模块化智能终端ML设备
86 mfcobol Micro Focus Cobol Micro Focus Cobol编程语言
87 any private terminal link 预留给个人终端连接
88 kerberos Kerberos Kerberros安全认证系统
89 su-mit-tg SU/MIT Telnet Gateway SU/MIT终端仿真网关
90 dnsix DNSIX Securit Attribute Token Map DNSIX 安全属性标记图91 mit-dov MIT Dover Spooler MIT Dover假脱机
92 npp Network Printing Protocol 网络打印协议
93 dcp Device Control Protocol 设备控制协议
94 objcall Tivoli Object Dispatcher Tivoli对象调度
95 supdup SUPDUP
96 dixie DIXIE Protocol Specification DIXIE协议规范
97 swift-rvf（Swift Remote Virtural File Protocol）快速远程虚拟文件协议98 tacnews TAC News TAC新闻协议
99 metagram metagram Relay
100 newacct [unauthorized use]
101=NIC Host Name Server
102=ISO-TSAP
103=Genesis Point-to-Point Trans Net
104=ACR-NEMA Digital Imag. & Comm. 300
105=Mailbox Name Nameserver
106=3COM-TSMUX3com-tsmux
107=Remote Telnet Service
108=SNA Gateway Access Server
109=Post Office Protocol - Version 2
110=Post Office Protocol - Version 3
111=SUN RPC
112=McIDAS Data Transmission Protocol
113=Authentication Service
114=Audio News Multicast
115=Simple File Transfer Protocol
116=ANSA REX Notify
117=UUCP Path Service
118=SQL Servicessqlserv
119=Network News Transfer Protocol
120=CFDPTKTcfdptkt
121=Encore Expedited Remote Pro.Call
122=SMAKYNETsmakynet
123=Network Time Protocol
124=ANSA REX Trader
125=Locus PC-Interface Net Map Ser
126=Unisys Unitary Login
127=Locus PC-Interface Conn Server
128=GSS X License Verification
129=Password Generator Protocol
130=cisco FNATIVE
131=cisco TNATIVE
132=cisco SYSMAINT
133=Statistics Service
134=INGRES-NET Service
135=Location Service
136=PROFILE Naming System
137=NETBIOS Name Service
138=NETBIOS Datagram Service
139=NETBIOS Session Service
140=EMFIS Data Service
141=EMFIS Control Service
142=Britton-Lee IDM
143=Interim Mail Access Protocol v2
144=NewSnews
145=UAAC Protocoluaac
146=ISO-IP0iso-tp0
147=ISO-IPiso-ip
148=CRONUS-SUPPORT
149=AED 512 Emulation Service
150=SQL-NETsql-net
151=HEMShems
152=Background File Transfer Program
153=SGMPsgmp
154=NETSCnetsc-prod
155=NETSCnetsc-dev
156=SQL Service
157=KNET/VM Command/Message Protocol
158=PCMail Serverpcmail-srv
159=NSS-Routingnss-routing
160=SGMP-TRAPSsgmp-traps
161=SNMP
162=SNMP TRAP
163=CMIP/TCP Manager
164=CMIP/TCP Agent
165=Xeroxxns-courier
166=Sirius Systems
167=NAMPnamp
168=RSVDrsvd
169=Send
170=Network Postscript
170=Network Postscript
171=Network Innovations Multiplex
172=Network Innovations CL/1
173=Xyplexxyplex-mux
174=MAILQ
175=VMNET
176=GENRAD-MUXgenrad-mux
177=X Display Manager Control Protocol
178=NextStep Window Server
179=Border Gateway Protocol
180=Intergraphris
181=Unifyunify
182=Unisys Audit SITP
183=OCBinderocbinder
184=OCServerocserver
185=Remote-KIS
186=KIS Protocolkis
187=Application Communication Interface
188=Plus Five
401=Uninterruptible Power Supply
402=Genie Protocol
403=decapdecap
404=ncednced
405=ncldncld
406=Interactive Mail Support Protocol
407=Timbuktutimbuktu
408=Prospero Resource Manager Sys. Man.
409=Prospero Resource Manager Node Man.
410=DECLadebug Remote Debug Protocol
411=Remote MT Protocol
412=Trap Convention Port
413=SMSPsmsp
414=InfoSeekinfoseek
415=BNetbnet
416=Silverplattersilverplatter
417=Onmuxonmux
418=Hyper-Ghyper-g
419=Arielariel1
420=SMPTEsmpte
421=Arielariel2
422=Arielariel3
423=IBM Operations Planning and Control Start
424=IBM Operations Planning and Control Track
425=ICADicad-el
426=smartsdpsmartsdp
427=Server Location
429=OCS_AMU
430=UTMPSDutmpsd
431=UTMPCDutmpcd
432=IASDiasd
433=NNSPnnsp
434=MobileIP-Agent
435=MobilIP-MN
436=DNA-CMLdna-cml
437=comscmcomscm
439=dasp, Thomas Obermair
440=sgcpsgcp
441=decvms-sysmgtdecvms-sysmgt
442=cvc_hostdcvc_hostd
443=https
444=Simple Network Paging Protocol
445=Microsoft-DS
446=DDM-RDBddm-rdb
447=DDM-RFMddm-dfm
448=DDM-BYTEddm-byte
449=AS Server Mapper
450=TServertserver
512=exec, Remote process execution
513=login, remote login
514=cmd, exec with auto auth.
514=syslog
515=Printer spooler
516=Unassigned
517=talk
519=unixtime
520=extended file name server
521=Unassigned
522=Unassigned
523=Unassigned
524=Unassigned
526=newdate
530=rpc courier
531=chatconference
532=readnewsnetnews
533=for emergency broadcasts
539=Apertus Technologies Load Determination
540=uucp
541=uucp-rlogin
542=Unassigned
543=klogin
544=kshell
545=Unassigned
546=Unassigned
547=Unassigned
548=Unassigned
549=Unassigned
550=new-who
551=Unassigned
552=Unassigned
553=Unassigned
554=Unassigned
555=dsf
556=remotefs
557-559=rmonitor
560=rmonitord
561=dmonitor
562=chcmd
563=Unassigned
564=plan 9 file service
565=whoami
566-569 Unassigned
570=demonmeter
571=udemonmeter
572-599 Unassigned ipc server
600=Sun IPC server
607=nqs
606=Cray Unified Resource Manager
608=Sender-Initiated/Unsolicited File Transfer
609=npmp-trapnpmp-trap
610=npmp-localnpmp-local
611=npmp-guinpmp-gui
634=ginadginad
666=Doom Id Software
704=errlog copy/server daemon
709=EntrustManager
729=IBM NetView DM/6000 Server/Client
730=IBM NetView DM/6000 send/tcp
731=IBM NetView DM/6000 receive/tcp
741=netGWnetgw
742=Network based Rev. Cont. Sys.
744=Flexible License Manager
747=Fujitsu Device Control
748=Russell Info Sci Calendar Manager
749=kerberos administration
751=pump
752=qrh
754=send
758=nlogin
759=con
760=ns
762=quotad
763=cycleserv
765=webster
767=phonephonebook
769=vid
771=rtip
772=cycleserv2
774=acmaint_dbd
775=acmaint_transd
780=wpgs
786=Concertconcert
800=mdbs_daemon
996=Central Point Software
997=maitrd
999=puprouter
1023=Reserved 注册端口（Registered Ports）：从1024到49151。它们松散地绑定于一些服务。也就是说有许多服务绑定于这些端口，这些端口同样用于许多其它目的。例如：许多系统处理动态端口从1024左右开始。1025=network blackjack
1030=BBN IAD
1031=BBN IAD
1032=BBN IAD
1067=Installation Bootstrap Proto. Serv.
1068=Installation Bootstrap Proto. Cli.
1080=SOCKS
1083=Anasoft License Manager
1084=Anasoft License Manager
1155=Network File Access
1222=SNI R&D network
1248=hermes
1346=Alta Analytics License Manager
1347=multi media conferencing
1347=multi media conferencing
1348=multi media conferencing
1349=Registration Network Protocol
1350=Registration Network Protocol
1351=Digital Tool Works (MIT)
1352=/Lotus Notelotusnote
1353=Relief Consulting
1354=RightBrain Software
1355=Intuitive Edge
1356=CuillaMartin Company
1357=Electronic PegBoard
1358=CONNLCLIconnlcli
1359=FTSRVftsrv
1360=MIMERmimer
1361=LinX
1362=TimeFliestimeflies
1363=Network DataMover Requester
1364=Network DataMover Server
1365=Network Software Associates
1366=Novell NetWare Comm Service Platform
1367=DCSdcs
1368=ScreenCastscreencast
1369=GlobalView to Unix Shell
1370=Unix Shell to GlobalView
1371=Fujitsu Config Protocol
1372=Fujitsu Config Protocol
1373=Chromagrafxchromagrafx
1374=EPI Software Systems
1375=Bytexbytex
1376=IBM Person to Person Software
1377=Cichlid License Manager
1378=Elan License Manager
1379=Integrity Solutions
1380=Telesis Network License Manager
1381=Apple Network License Manager
1382=udt_os
1383=GW Hannaway Network License Manager
1384=Objective Solutions License Manager
1385=Atex Publishing License Manager
1386=CheckSum License Manager
1387=Computer Aided Design Software Inc LM
1388=Objective Solutions DataBase Cache
1389=Document Manager
1390=Storage Controller
1391=Storage Access Server
1392=Print Managericlpv-pm
1393=Network Log Server
1394=Network Log Client
1395=PC Workstation Manager software
1396=DVL Active Mail
1397=Audio Active Mail
1398=Video Active Mail
1399=Cadkey License Manager
1400=Cadkey Tablet Daemon
1401=Goldleaf License Manager
1402=Prospero Resource Manager
1403=Prospero Resource Manager
1404=Infinite Graphics License Manager
1405=IBM Remote Execution Starter
1406=NetLabs License Manager
1407=DBSA License Manager
1408=Sophia License Manager
1409=Here License Manager
1410=HiQ License Manager
1411=AudioFileaf
1412=InnoSysinnosys
1413=Innosys-ACLinnosys-acl
1414=IBM MQSeriesibm-mqseries
1415=DBStardbstar
1416=Novell LU6.2novell-lu6.2
1417=Timbuktu Service 1 Port
1417=Timbuktu Service 1 Port
1418=Timbuktu Service 2 Port
1419=Timbuktu Service 3 Port
1420=Timbuktu Service 4 Port
1421=Gandalf License Manager
1422=Autodesk License Manager
1423=Essbase Arbor Software
1424=Hybrid Encryption Protocol
1425=Zion Software License Manager
1426=Satellite-data Acquisition System 1
1427=mloadd monitoring tool
1428=Informatik License Manager
1429=Hypercom NMSnms
1430=Hypercom TPDUtpdu
1431=Reverse Gosip Transport
1432=Blueberry Software License Manager
1433=Microsoft-SQL-Server
1434=Microsoft-SQL-Monitor
1435=IBM CISCibm-cics
1436=Satellite-data Acquisition System 2
1437=Tabulatabula
1438=Eicon Security Agent/Server
1439=Eicon X25/SNA Gateway
1440=Eicon Service Location Protocol
1441=Cadis License Management
1442=Cadis License Management
1443=Integrated Engineering Software
1444=Marcam License Management
1445=Proxima License Manager
1446=Optical Research Associates License Manager
1447=Applied Parallel Research LM
1448=OpenConnect License Manager
1449=PEportpeport
1450=Tandem Distributed Workbench Facility
1451=IBM Information Management
1452=GTE Government Systems License Man
1453=Genie License Manager
1454=interHDL License Manager
1454=interHDL License Manager
1455=ESL License Manager
1456=DCAdca
1457=Valisys License Manager
1458=Nichols Research Corp.
1459=Proshare Notebook Application
1460=Proshare Notebook Application
1461=IBM Wireless LAN
1462=World License Manager
1463=Nucleusnucleus
1464=MSL License Manager
1465=Pipes Platform
1466=Ocean Software License Manager
1467=CSDMBASEcsdmbase
1468=CSDMcsdm
1469=Active Analysis Limited License Manager
1470=Universal Analytics
1471=csdmbasecsdmbase
1472=csdmcsdm
1473=OpenMathopenmath
1474=Telefindertelefinder
1475=Taligent License Manager
1476=clvm-cfgclvm-cfg
1477=ms-sna-server
1478=ms-sna-base
1479=dberegisterdberegister
1480=PacerForumpacerforum
1481=AIRSairs
1482=Miteksys License Manager
1483=AFS License Manager
1484=Confluent License Manager
1485=LANSourcelansource
1486=nms_topo_serv
1487=LocalInfoSrvr
1488=DocStordocstor
1489=dmdocbrokerdmdocbroker
1490=insitu-confinsitu-conf
1491=anynetgateway
1492=stone-design-1
1493=netmap_lmnetmap_lm
1494=icaica
1495=cvccvc
1496=liberty-lmliberty-lm
1497=rfx-lmrfx-lm
1498=Watcom-SQLwatcom-sql
1499=Federico Heinz Consultora
1500=VLSI License Manager
1501=Satellite-data Acquisition System 3
1502=Shivashivadiscovery
1503=Databeamimtc-mcs
1504=EVB Software Engineering License Manager
1505=Funk Software, Inc.
1524=ingres
1525=oracle
1525=Prospero Directory Service non-priv
1526=Prospero Data Access Prot non-priv
1527=oracletlisrv
1529=oraclecoauthor
1600=issd
1651=proshare conf audio
1652=proshare conf video
1653=proshare conf data
1654=proshare conf request
1655=proshare conf notify
1661=netview-aix-1netview-aix-1
1662=netview-aix-2netview-aix-2
1663=netview-aix-3netview-aix-3
1664=netview-aix-4netview-aix-4
1665=netview-aix-5netview-aix-5
1666=netview-aix-6netview-aix-6
1986=cisco license management
1987=cisco RSRB Priority 1 port
1988=cisco RSRB Priority 2 port
1989=cisco RSRB Priority 3 port
1989=MHSnet systemmshnet
1990=cisco STUN Priority 1 port
1991=cisco STUN Priority 2 port
1992=cisco STUN Priority 3 port
1992=IPsendmsgipsendmsg
1993=cisco SNMP TCP port
1994=cisco serial tunnel port
1995=cisco perf port
1996=cisco Remote SRB port
1997=cisco Gateway Discovery Protocol
1998=cisco X.25 service (XOT)
1999=cisco identification port
2009=whosockami
2010=pipe_server
2011=raid
2012=raid-ac
2013=rad-am
2015=raid-cs
2016=bootserver
2017=terminaldb
2018=rellpack
2019=about
2019=xinupageserver
2020=xinupageserver
2021=xinuexpansion1
2021=down
2022=xinuexpansion2
2023=xinuexpansion3
2023=xinuexpansion4
2024=xinuexpansion4
2025=xribs
2026=scrabble
2027=shadowserver
2028=submitserver
2039=device2
2032=blackboard
2033=glogger
2034=scoremgr
2035=imsldoc
2038=objectmanager
2040=lam
2041=interbase
2042=isis
2043=isis-bcast
2044=primsl
2045=cdfunc
2047=dls
2048=dls-monitor
2065=Data Link Switch Read Port Number
2067=Data Link Switch Write Port Number
2201=Advanced Training System Program
2500=Resource Tracking system server
2501=Resource Tracking system client
2564=HP 3000 NS/VT block mode telnet
2784=world wide web - development
3049=ccmail
3264=ccmail, cc:mail/lotus
3333=dec-notes
3984=MAPPER network node manager
3985=MAPPER TCP/IP server
3986=MAPPER workstation server
3421=Bull Apprise portmapper
3900=Unidata UDT OS
4132=NUTS Daemonnuts_dem
4133=NUTS Bootp Server
4343=UNICALL
4444=KRB524
4672=remote file access server
5002=radio free ethernet
5010=TelepathStarttelelpathstart
5011=TelepathAttack
5050=multimedia conference control tool
5145=rmonitor_secure
5190=aol, America-Online
5300=HA cluster heartbeat
5301=hacl-gs # HA cluster general services
5302=HA cluster configuration
5303=hacl-probe HA cluster probing
5305=hacl-test
6000-6063=x11 X Window System
6111=sub-process HP SoftBench Sub-Process Control
6141/=meta-corp meta Corporation License Manager
6142=aspentec-lm Aspen Technology License Manager
6143=watershed-lm Watershed License Manager
6144=statsci1-lm StatSci License Manager - 1
6145=statsci2-lm StatSci License Manager - 2
6146=lonewolf-lm Lone Wolf Systems License Manager
6147=montage-lm Montage License Manager
7000=afs3-fileserver file server itself
7001=afs3-callback callbacks to cache managers
7002=afs3-prserver users & groups database
7003=afs3-vlserver volume location database
7004=afs3-kaserver AFS/Kerberos authentication service
7005=afs3-volser volume managment server
7006=afs3-errors error interpretation service
7007=afs3-bos basic overseer process
7008=afs3-update server-to-server updater
7009=afs3-rmtsys remote cache manager service
7010=ups-online onlinet uninterruptable power supplies
7100=X Font Service
7200=FODMS FLIP
7626=冰河
8010=Wingate
8181=IMail
9535=man
（3）动态和/或私有端口（Dynamic and/or Private Ports）：从49152到65535。理论上，不应为服务分配这些端口。实际上，机器通常从1024起分配动态端口。但也有例外：SUN的RPC端口从32768开始。
0 通常用于分析操作系统。这一方法能够工作是因为在一些系统中“0”是无效端口，当你试图使用一种通常的闭合端口连接它时将产生不同的结果。一种典型的扫描：使用IP地址为0.0.0.0，设置ACK位并在以太网层广播。
//注意：由于一些应用软件占用了部分端口，因此此文件中的部分端口被注释掉了（注释的字符为：//）。
TCP 1=TCP Port Service Multiplexer
TCP 2=Death
TCP 5=Remote Job Entry,yoyo
TCP 7=Echo
TCP 11=Skun
TCP 12=Bomber
TCP 16=Skun
TCP 17=Skun
TCP 18=消息传输协议,skun
TCP 19=Skun
TCP 20=FTP Data,Amanda
TCP 21=文件传输,Back Construction,Blade Runner,Doly Trojan,Fore,FTP trojan,Invisible FTP,Larva, WebEx,WinCrash
TCP 22=远程登录协议
TCP 23=远程登录(Telnet),Tiny Telnet Server (= TTS)
TCP 25=电子邮件(SMTP),Ajan,Antigen,Email Password Sender,Happy 99,Kuang2,ProMail trojan,Shtrilitz,Stealth,Tapiras,Terminator,WinPC,WinSpy,Haebu Coceda
TCP 27=Assasin
TCP 28=Amanda
TCP 29=MSG ICP
TCP 30=Agent 40421
TCP 31=Agent 31,Hackers Paradise,Masters Paradise,Agent 40421
TCP 37=Time,ADM worm
TCP 39=SubSARI
TCP 41=DeepThroat,Foreplay
TCP 42=Host Name Server
TCP 43=WHOIS
TCP 44=Arctic
TCP 48=DRAT
TCP 49=主机登录协议
TCP 50=DRAT
TCP 51=IMP Logical Address Maintenance,Fuck Lamers Backdoor
TCP 52=MuSka52,Skun
TCP 53=DNS,Bonk (DOS Exploit)
TCP 54=MuSka52
TCP 58=DMSetup
TCP 59=DMSetup
TCP 63=whois++
TCP 64=Communications Integrator
TCP 65=TACACS-Database Service
TCP 66=Oracle SQL*NET,AL-Bareki
TCP 67=Bootstrap Protocol Server
TCP 68=Bootstrap Protocol Client
TCP 69=W32.Evala.Worm,BackGate Kit,Nimda,Pasana,Storm,Storm worm,Theef,Worm.Cycle.a
TCP 70=Gopher服务,ADM worm
TCP 79=用户查询(Finger),Firehotcker,ADM worm
TCP 80=超文本服务器(Http),Executor,RingZero
TCP 81=Chubo,Worm.Bbeagle.q
TCP 88=Kerberos krb5服务
TCP 99=Hidden Port
TCP 102=消息传输代理
TCP 108=SNA网关访问服务器
TCP 109=Pop2
TCP 110=电子邮件(Pop3),ProMail
TCP 113=Kazimas, Auther Idnet
TCP 115=简单文件传输协议
TCP 118=SQL Services, Infector 1.4.2
TCP 119=新闻组传输协议(Newsgroup(Nntp)), Happy 99
TCP 121=JammerKiller, Bo jammerkillah
TCP 123=网络时间协议(NTP),Net Controller
TCP 129=Password Generator Protocol
TCP 133=Infector 1.x
TCP 135=微软DCE RPC end-point mapper服务
TCP 137=微软Netbios Name服务(网上邻居传输文件使用)
TCP 138=微软Netbios Name服务(网上邻居传输文件使用)
TCP 139=微软Netbios Name服务(用于文件及打印机共享)
TCP 142=NetTaxi
TCP 143=IMAP
TCP 146=FC Infector,Infector
TCP 150=NetBIOS Session Service
TCP 156=SQL服务器
TCP 161=Snmp
TCP 162=Snmp-Trap
TCP 170=A-Trojan
TCP 177=X Display管理控制协议
TCP 179=Border网关协议(BGP)
TCP 190=网关访问控制协议(GACP)
TCP 194=Irc
TCP 197=目录定位服务(DLS)
TCP 256=Nirvana
TCP 315=The Invasor
TCP 371=ClearCase版本管理软件
TCP 389=Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
TCP 396=Novell Netware over IP
TCP 420=Breach
TCP 421=TCP Wrappers
TCP 443=安全服务
TCP 444=Simple Network Paging Protocol(SNPP)
TCP 445=Microsoft-DS
TCP 455=Fatal Connections
TCP 456=Hackers paradise,FuseSpark
TCP 458=苹果公司QuickTime
TCP 513=Grlogin
TCP 514=RPC Backdoor
TCP 531=Rasmin,Net666
TCP 544=kerberos kshell
TCP 546=DHCP Client
TCP 547=DHCP Server
TCP 548=Macintosh文件服务
TCP 555=Ini-Killer,Phase Zero,Stealth Spy
TCP 569=MSN
TCP 605=SecretService
TCP 606=Noknok8
TCP 661=Noknok8
TCP 666=Attack FTP,Satanz Backdoor,Back Construction,Dark Connection Inside 1.2
TCP 667=Noknok7.2
TCP 668=Noknok6
TCP 669=DP trojan
TCP 692=GayOL
TCP 707=Welchia
TCP 777=AIM Spy
TCP 808=RemoteControl,WinHole
TCP 815=Everyone Darling
TCP 901=Backdoor.Devil
TCP 911=Dark Shadow
TCP 993=IMAP
TCP 999=DeepThroat
TCP 1000=Der Spaeher
TCP 1001=Silencer,WebEx,Der Spaeher
TCP 1003=BackDoor
TCP 1010=Doly
TCP 1011=Doly
TCP 1012=Doly
TCP 1015=Doly
TCP 1016=Doly
TCP 1020=Vampire
TCP 1023=Worm.Sasser.e
TCP 1024=NetSpy.698(YAI)
TCP 1059=nimreg
//TCP 1025=NetSpy.698,Unused Windows Services Block
//TCP 1026=Unused Windows Services Block
//TCP 1027=Unused Windows Services Block
//TCP 1028=Unused Windows Services Block
//TCP 1029=Unused Windows Services Block
//TCP 1030=Unused Windows Services Block
//TCP 1033=Netspy
//TCP 1035=Multidropper
//TCP 1042=Bla
//TCP 1045=Rasmin
//TCP 1047=GateCrasher
//TCP 1050=MiniCommand
TCP 1069=Backdoor.TheefServer.202
TCP 1070=Voice,Psyber Stream Server,Streaming Audio Trojan
TCP 1080=Wingate,Worm.BugBear.B,Worm.Novarg.B
//TCP 1090=Xtreme, VDOLive
//TCP 1095=Rat
//TCP 1097=Rat
//TCP 1098=Rat
//TCP 1099=Rat
TCP 1110=nfsd-keepalive
TCP 1111=Backdoor.AIMVision
TCP 1155=Network File Access
//TCP 1170=Psyber Stream Server,Streaming Audio trojan,Voice
//TCP 1200=NoBackO
//TCP 1201=NoBackO
//TCP 1207=Softwar
//TCP 1212=Nirvana,Visul Killer
//TCP 1234=Ultors
//TCP 1243=BackDoor-G, SubSeven, SubSeven Apocalypse
//TCP 1245=VooDoo Doll
//TCP 1269=Mavericks Matrix
//TCP 1313=Nirvana
//TCP 1349=BioNet
TCP 1433=Microsoft SQL服务
//TCP 1441=Remote Storm
//TCP 1492=FTP99CMP(BackOriffice.FTP)
TCP 1503=NetMeeting T.120
//TCP 1509=Psyber Streaming Server
//TCP 1600=Shivka-Burka
//TCP 1703=Exloiter 1.1
TCP 1720=NetMeeting H.233 call Setup
TCP 1731=NetMeeting音频调用控制
//TCP 1807=SpySender
//TCP 1966=Fake FTP 2000
//TCP 1976=Custom port
//TCP 1981=Shockrave
TCP 1990=stun-p1 cisco STUN Priority 1 port
TCP 1990=stun-p1 cisco STUN Priority 1 port
TCP 1991=stun-p2 cisco STUN Priority 2 port
TCP 1992=stun-p3 cisco STUN Priority 3 port,ipsendmsg IPsendmsg
TCP 1993=snmp-tcp-port cisco SNMP TCP port
TCP 1994=stun-port cisco serial tunnel port
TCP 1995=perf-port cisco perf port
TCP 1996=tr-rsrb-port cisco Remote SRB port
TCP 1997=gdp-port cisco Gateway Discovery Protocol
TCP 1998=x25-svc-port cisco X.25 service (XOT)
//TCP 1999=BackDoor, TransScout
//TCP 2000=Der Spaeher,INsane Network
//TCP 2001=Transmisson scout
//TCP 2002=Transmisson scout
//TCP 2003=Transmisson scout
//TCP 2004=Transmisson scout
//TCP 2005=TTransmisson scout
TCP 2011=cypress
TCP 2015=raid-cs
//TCP 2023=Ripper,Pass Ripper,Hack City Ripper Pro
TCP 2049=NFS
//TCP 2115=Bugs
//TCP 2121=Nirvana
//TCP 2140=Deep Throat, The Invasor
//TCP 2155=Nirvana
//TCP 2208=RuX
//TCP 2255=Illusion Mailer
//TCP 2283=HVL Rat5
//TCP 2300=PC Explorer
//TCP 2311=Studio54
TCP 2556=Worm.Bbeagle.q
//TCP 2565=Striker
//TCP 2583=WinCrash
//TCP 2600=Digital RootBeer
//TCP 2716=Prayer Trojan
TCP 2745=Worm.BBeagle.k
//TCP 2773=Backdoor,SubSeven
//TCP 2774=SubSeven2.1&2.2
//TCP 2801=Phineas Phucker
//TCP 2989=Rat
//TCP 3024=WinCrash trojan
TCP 3127=Worm.Novarg
TCP 3128=RingZero,Worm.Novarg.B
//TCP 3129=Masters Paradise
//TCP 3150=Deep Throat, The Invasor
TCP 3198=Worm.Novarg
//TCP 3210=SchoolBus
TCP 3332=Worm.Cycle.a
TCP 3333=Prosiak
TCP 3389=超级终端
//TCP 3456=Terror
//TCP 3459=Eclipse 2000
//TCP 3700=Portal of Doom
//TCP 3791=Eclypse
//TCP 3801=Eclypse
TCP 3996=Portal of Doom
TCP 4000=腾讯QQ客户端
TCP 4060=Portal of Doom
TCP 4092=WinCrash
TCP 4242=VHM
TCP 4267=SubSeven2.1&2.2
TCP 4321=BoBo
TCP 4444=Prosiak,Swift remote
TCP 4500=W32.HLLW.Tufas
TCP 4567=File Nail
TCP 4590=ICQTrojan
TCP 4899=Remote Administrator服务器
TCP 4950=ICQTrojan
TCP 5000=WindowsXP服务器,Blazer 5,Bubbel,Back Door Setup,Sockets de Troie
TCP 5001=Back Door Setup, Sockets de Troie
TCP 5002=cd00r,Shaft
TCP 5011=One of the Last Trojans (OOTLT)
TCP 5025=WM Remote KeyLogger
TCP 5031=Firehotcker,Metropolitan,NetMetro
TCP 5032=Metropolitan
TCP 5190=ICQ Query
TCP 5321=Firehotcker
TCP 5333=Backage Trojan Box 3
TCP 5343=WCrat
TCP 5400=Blade Runner, BackConstruction1.2
TCP 5401=Blade Runner,Back Construction
TCP 5402=Blade Runner,Back Construction
TCP 5471=WinCrash
TCP 5512=Illusion Mailer
TCP 5521=Illusion Mailer
TCP 5550=Xtcp,INsane Network
TCP 5554=Worm.Sasser
TCP 5555=ServeMe
TCP 5556=BO Facil
TCP 5557=BO Facil
TCP 5569=Robo-Hack
TCP 5598=BackDoor 2.03
TCP 5631=PCAnyWhere data
TCP 5632=PCAnyWhere
TCP 5637=PC Crasher
TCP 5638=PC Crasher
TCP 5698=BackDoor
TCP 5714=Wincrash3
TCP 5741=WinCrash3
TCP 5742=WinCrash
TCP 5760=Portmap Remote Root Linux Exploit
TCP 5880=Y3K RAT
TCP 5881=Y3K RAT
TCP 5882=Y3K RAT
TCP 5888=Y3K RAT
TCP 5889=Y3K RAT
TCP 5900=WinVnc,Wise VGA广播端口
TCP 6000=Backdoor.AB
TCP 6006=Noknok8
TCP 6129=Dameware Nt Utilities服务器
TCP 6272=SecretService
TCP 6267=广外女生
TCP 6400=Backdoor.AB,The Thing
TCP 6500=Devil 1.03
TCP 6661=Teman
TCP 6666=TCPshell.c
TCP 6667=NT Remote Control,Wise 播放器接收端口
TCP 6668=Wise Video广播端口
TCP 6669=Vampyre
TCP 6670=DeepThroat
TCP 6671=Deep Throat 3.0
TCP 6711=SubSeven
TCP 6712=SubSeven1.x
TCP 6713=SubSeven
TCP 6723=Mstream
TCP 6767=NT Remote Control
TCP 6771=DeepThroat
TCP 6776=BackDoor-G,SubSeven,2000 Cracks
TCP 6777=Worm.BBeagle
TCP 6789=Doly Trojan
TCP 6838=Mstream
TCP 6883=DeltaSource
TCP 6912=Shit Heep
TCP 6939=Indoctrination
TCP 6969=GateCrasher, Priority, IRC 3
TCP 6970=RealAudio,GateCrasher
TCP 7000=Remote Grab,NetMonitor,SubSeven1.x
TCP 7001=Freak88
TCP 7201=NetMonitor
TCP 7215=BackDoor-G, SubSeven
TCP 7001=Freak88,Freak2k
TCP 7300=NetMonitor
TCP 7301=NetMonitor
TCP 7306=NetMonitor,NetSpy 1.0
TCP 7307=NetMonitor, ProcSpy
TCP 7308=NetMonitor, X Spy
TCP 7323=Sygate服务器端
TCP 7424=Host Control
TCP 7597=Qaz
TCP 7609=Snid X2
TCP 7626=冰河
TCP 7777=The Thing
TCP 7789=Back Door Setup, ICQKiller
TCP 7983=Mstream
TCP 8000=腾讯OICQ服务器端,XDMA
TCP 8010=Wingate,Logfile
TCP 8080=WWW 代理,Ring Zero,Chubo,Worm.Novarg.B
TCP 8520=W32.Socay.Worm
TCP 8787=BackOfrice 2000
TCP 8897=Hack Office,Armageddon
TCP 8989=Recon
TCP 9000=Netministrator
TCP 9325=Mstream
TCP 9400=InCommand 1.0
TCP 9401=InCommand 1.0
TCP 9402=InCommand 1.0
TCP 9872=Portal of Doom
TCP 9873=Portal of Doom
TCP 9874=Portal of Doom
TCP 9875=Portal of Doom
TCP 9876=Cyber Attacker
TCP 9878=TransScout
TCP 9989=Ini-Killer
TCP 9898=Worm.Win32.Dabber.a
TCP 9999=Prayer Trojan
TCP 10067=Portal of Doom
TCP 10080=Worm.Novarg.B
TCP 10084=Syphillis
TCP 10085=Syphillis
TCP 10086=Syphillis
TCP 10101=BrainSpy
TCP 10167=Portal Of Doom
TCP 10168=Worm.Supnot.78858.c,Worm.LovGate.T
TCP 10520=Acid Shivers
TCP 10607=Coma trojan
TCP 10666=Ambush
TCP 11000=Senna Spy
TCP 11050=Host Control
TCP 11051=Host Control
TCP 11223=Progenic,Hack '99KeyLogger
TCP 11831=TROJ_LATINUS.SVR
TCP 12076=Gjamer, MSH.104b
TCP 12223=Hack'99 KeyLogger
TCP 12345=GabanBus, NetBus 1.6/1.7, Pie Bill Gates, X-bill
TCP 12346=GabanBus, NetBus 1.6/1.7, X-bill
TCP 12349=BioNet
TCP 12361=Whack-a-mole
TCP 12362=Whack-a-mole
TCP 12363=Whack-a-mole
TCP 12378=W32/Gibe@MM
TCP 12456=NetBus
TCP 12623=DUN Control
TCP 12624=Buttman
TCP 12631=WhackJob, WhackJob.NB1.7
TCP 12701=Eclipse2000
TCP 12754=Mstream
TCP 13000=Senna Spy
TCP 13010=Hacker Brazil
TCP 13013=Psychward
TCP 13223=Tribal Voice的聊天程序PowWow
TCP 13700=Kuang2 The Virus
TCP 14456=Solero
TCP 14500=PC Invader
TCP 14501=PC Invader
TCP 14502=PC Invader
TCP 14503=PC Invader
TCP 15000=NetDaemon 1.0
TCP 15092=Host Control
TCP 15104=Mstream
TCP 16484=Mosucker
TCP 16660=Stacheldraht (DDoS)
TCP 16772=ICQ Revenge
TCP 16959=Priority
TCP 16969=Priority
TCP 17027=提供广告服务的Conducent"adbot"共享软件
TCP 17166=Mosaic
TCP 17300=Kuang2 The Virus
TCP 17490=CrazyNet
TCP 17500=CrazyNet
TCP 17569=Infector 1.4.x + 1.6.x
TCP 17777=Nephron
TCP 18753=Shaft (DDoS)
TCP 19191=蓝色火焰
TCP 19864=ICQ Revenge
TCP 20000=Millennium II (GrilFriend)
TCP 20001=Millennium II (GrilFriend)
TCP 20002=AcidkoR
TCP 20034=NetBus 2 Pro
TCP 20168=Lovgate
TCP 20203=Logged,Chupacabra
TCP 20331=Bla
TCP 20432=Shaft (DDoS)
TCP 20808=Worm.LovGate.v.QQ
TCP 21544=Schwindler 1.82,GirlFriend
TCP 21554=Schwindler 1.82,GirlFriend,Exloiter 1.0.1.2
TCP 22222=Prosiak,RuX Uploader 2.0
TCP 22784=Backdoor.Intruzzo
TCP 23432=Asylum 0.1.3
TCP 23456=Evil FTP, Ugly FTP, WhackJob
TCP 23476=Donald Dick
TCP 23477=Donald Dick
TCP 23777=INet Spy
TCP 26274=Delta
TCP 26681=Spy Voice
TCP 27374=Sub Seven 2.0+, Backdoor.Baste
TCP 27444=Tribal Flood Network,Trinoo
TCP 27665=Tribal Flood Network,Trinoo
TCP 29431=Hack Attack
TCP 29432=Hack Attack
TCP 29104=Host Control
TCP 29559=TROJ_LATINUS.SVR
TCP 29891=The Unexplained
TCP 30001=Terr0r32
TCP 30003=Death,Lamers Death
TCP 30029=AOL trojan
TCP 30100=NetSphere 1.27a,NetSphere 1.31
TCP 30101=NetSphere 1.31,NetSphere 1.27a
TCP 30102=NetSphere 1.27a,NetSphere 1.31
TCP 30103=NetSphere 1.31
TCP 30303=Sockets de Troie
TCP 30947=Intruse
TCP 30999=Kuang2
TCP 21335=Tribal Flood Network,Trinoo
TCP 31336=Bo Whack
TCP 31337=Baron Night,BO client,BO2,Bo Facil,BackFire,Back Orifice,DeepBO,Freak2k,NetSpy
TCP 31338=NetSpy,Back Orifice,DeepBO
TCP 31339=NetSpy DK
TCP 31554=Schwindler
TCP 31666=BOWhack
TCP 31778=Hack Attack
TCP 31785=Hack Attack
TCP 31787=Hack Attack
TCP 31789=Hack Attack
TCP 31791=Hack Attack
TCP 31792=Hack Attack
TCP 32100=PeanutBrittle
TCP 32418=Acid Battery
TCP 33333=Prosiak,Blakharaz 1.0
TCP 33577=Son Of Psychward
TCP 33777=Son Of Psychward
TCP 33911=Spirit 2001a
TCP 34324=BigGluck,TN,Tiny Telnet Server
TCP 34555=Trin00 (Windows) (DDoS)
TCP 35555=Trin00 (Windows) (DDoS)
TCP 36794=Worm.Bugbear-A
TCP 37651=YAT
TCP 40412=The Spy
TCP 40421=Agent 40421,Masters Paradise.96
TCP 40422=Masters Paradise
TCP 40423=Masters Paradise.97
TCP 40425=Masters Paradise
TCP 40426=Masters Paradise 3.x
TCP 41666=Remote Boot
TCP 43210=Schoolbus 1.6/2.0
TCP 44444=Delta Source
TCP 44445=Happypig
TCP 47252=Prosiak
TCP 47262=Delta
TCP 47878=BirdSpy2
TCP 49301=Online Keylogger
TCP 50505=Sockets de Troie
TCP 50766=Fore, Schwindler
TCP 51966=CafeIni
TCP 53001=Remote Windows Shutdown
TCP 53217=Acid Battery 2000
TCP 54283=Back Door-G, Sub7
TCP 54320=Back Orifice 2000,Sheep
TCP 54321=School Bus .69-1.11,Sheep, BO2K
TCP 57341=NetRaider
TCP 58008=BackDoor.Tron
TCP 58009=BackDoor.Tron
TCP 58339=ButtFunnel
TCP 59211=BackDoor.DuckToy
TCP 60000=Deep Throat
TCP 60068=Xzip 6000068
TCP 60411=Connection
TCP 60606=TROJ_BCKDOR.G2.A
TCP 61466=Telecommando
TCP 61603=Bunker-kill
TCP 63485=Bunker-kill
TCP 65000=Devil, DDoS
TCP 65432=Th3tr41t0r, The Traitor
TCP 65530=TROJ_WINMITE.10
TCP 65535=RC,Adore Worm/Linux
TCP 69123=ShitHeep
TCP 88798=Armageddon,Hack Office
UDP 1=Sockets des Troie
UDP 9=Chargen
UDP 19=Chargen
UDP 69=Pasana
UDP 80=Penrox
UDP 371=ClearCase版本管理软件
UDP 445=公共Internet文件系统(CIFS)
UDP 500=Internet密钥交换
UDP 1025=Maverick's Matrix 1.2 - 2.0
UDP 1026=Remote Explorer 2000
UDP 1027=UC聊天软件,Trojan.Huigezi.e
UDP 1028=KiLo,SubSARI
UDP 1029=SubSARI
UDP 1031=Xot
UDP 1032=Akosch4
UDP 1104=RexxRave
UDP 1111=Daodan
UDP 1116=Lurker
UDP 1122=Last 2000,Singularity
UDP 1183=Cyn,SweetHeart
UDP 1200=NoBackO
UDP 1201=NoBackO
UDP 1342=BLA trojan
UDP 1344=Ptakks
UDP 1349=BO dll
UDP 1561=MuSka52
UDP 1772=NetControle
UDP 1978=Slapper
UDP 1985=Black Diver
UDP 2000=A-trojan,Fear,Force,GOTHIC Intruder,Last 2000,Real 2000
UDP 2001=Scalper
UDP 2002=Slapper
UDP 2015=raid-cs
UDP 2018=rellpack
UDP 2130=Mini BackLash
UDP 2140=Deep Throat,Foreplay,The Invasor
UDP 2222=SweetHeart, Way
UDP 2339=Voice Spy
UDP 2702=Black Diver
UDP 2989=RAT
UDP 3150=Deep Throat
UDP 3215=XHX
UDP 3333=Daodan
UDP 3801=Eclypse
UDP 3996=Remote Anything
UDP 4128=RedShad
UDP 4156=Slapper
UDP 4500=sae-urn
UDP 5419=DarkSky
UDP 5503=Remote Shell Trojan
UDP 5555=Daodan
UDP 5882=Y3K RAT
UDP 5888=Y3K RAT
UDP 6112=Battle.net Game
UDP 6666=KiLo
UDP 6667=KiLo
UDP 6766=KiLo
UDP 6767=KiLo,UandMe
UDP 6838=Mstream Agent-handler
UDP 7028=未知木马
UDP 7424=Host Control
UDP 7788=Singularity
UDP 7983=MStream handler-agent
UDP 8012=Ptakks
UDP 8090=Aphex's Remote Packet Sniffer
UDP 8127=9_119,Chonker
UDP 8488=KiLo
UDP 8489=KiLo
UDP 8787=BackOrifice 2000
UDP 8879=BackOrifice 2000
UDP 9325=MStream Agent-handler
UDP 10000=XHX
UDP 10067=Portal of Doom
UDP 10084=Syphillis
UDP 10100=Slapper
UDP 10167=Portal of Doom
UDP 10498=Mstream
UDP 10666=Ambush
UDP 11225=Cyn
UDP 12321=Protoss
UDP 12345=BlueIce 2000
UDP 12378=W32/Gibe@MM
UDP 12623=ButtMan,DUN Control
UDP 15210=UDP remote shell backdoor server
UDP 15486=KiLo
UDP 16514=KiLo
UDP 16515=KiLo
UDP 18753=Shaft handler to Agent
UDP 20433=Shaft
UDP 21554=GirlFriend
UDP 22784=Backdoor.Intruzzo
UDP 23476=Donald Dick
UDP 25123=MOTD
UDP 26274=Delta Source
UDP 26374=Sub-7 2.1
UDP 26444=Trin00/TFN2K
UDP 26573=Sub-7 2.1
UDP 27184=Alvgus trojan 2000
UDP 27444=Trinoo
UDP 29589=KiLo
UDP 29891=The Unexplained
UDP 30103=NetSphere
UDP 31320=Little Witch
UDP 31335=Trin00 DoS Attack
UDP 31337=Baron Night, BO client, BO2, Bo Facil, BackFire, Back Orifice, DeepBO
UDP 31338=Back Orifice, NetSpy DK, DeepBO
UDP 31339=Little Witch
UDP 31340=Little Witch
UDP 31416=Lithium
UDP 31787=Hack aTack
UDP 31789=Hack aTack
UDP 31790=Hack aTack
UDP 31791=Hack aTack
UDP 33390=未知木马
UDP 34555=Trinoo
UDP 35555=Trinoo
UDP 43720=KiLo
UDP 44014=Iani
UDP 44767=School Bus
UDP 46666=Taskman
UDP 47262=Delta Source
UDP 47785=KiLo
UDP 49301=OnLine keyLogger
UDP 49683=Fenster
UDP 49698=KiLo
UDP 52901=Omega
UDP 54320=Back Orifice
UDP 54321=Back Orifice 2000
UDP 54341=NetRaider Trojan
UDP 61746=KiLO
UDP 61747=KiLO
UDP 61748=KiLO
UDP 65432=The Traitor
1. 80端口：用于HTTP通信，默认浏览器访问web页面时会使用该端口。2. 443端口：用于HTTPS通信，保证数据传输的安全性。3. 22端口：用于SSH协议，用于在不安全网络中安全地运行远程执行命令。4. 21端口：用于FTP协议，用于文件传输。5. 25端口：用于SMTP协议，主要用于发送邮件。6. 53端口：用于DNS协议，主要用于解析域名地址。7. 110端口：用于POP3协议，用于接收邮件。8. 143端口：用于IMAP协议，用于接收邮件。9. 3306端口：用于MySQL数据库，默认情况下，MySQL服务器就监听在这个端口上。
按照端口号的大小分类，可分为如下几类 ：
（1）公认端口（WellKnownPorts）：从0到1023，它们紧密绑定（binding）于一些服务。通常这些端口的通讯明确表明了某种服务的协议。例如：80端口实际上总是HTTP通讯。
（2）注册端口（RegisteredPorts）：从1024到49151。它们松散地绑定于一些服务。也就是说有许多服务绑定于这些端口，这些端口同样用于许多其它目的。例如：许多系统处理动态端口从1024左右开始。
（3）动态和/或私有端口（Dynamicand/orPrivatePorts）：从49152到65535。理论上，不应为服务分配这些端口。实际上，机器通常从1024起分配动态端口。但也有例外：SUN的RPC端口从32768开始。
扩展资料
各种服务常用端口号：
1，HTTP协议代理服务器常用端口号：80/8080/3128/8081/9098
2，SOCKS代理协议服务器常用端口号：1080
3，FTP（文件传输）协议代理服务器常用端口号：21
4，Telnet（远程登录）协议代理服务器常用端口号：23
5，HTTP服务器，默认端口号为80/tcp（木马Executor开放此端口）
6，HTTPS（securely transferring web pages）服务器，默认端口号为443/tcp 443/udp
7，Telnet（不安全的文本传送），默认端口号为23/tcp（木马Tiny Telnet Server所开放的端口）
8，FTP，默认的端口号为21/tcp（木马Doly Trojan、Fore、Invisible FTP、WebEx、WinCrash和Blade Runner所开放的端口）
9，TFTP（Trivial File Transfer Protocol），默认端口号为69/udp
10，SSH（安全登录）、SCP（文件传输）、端口号重定向，默认的端口号为22/tcp
11，SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol（E-mail），默认端口号为25/tcp（木马Antigen、Email Password Sender、Haebu Coceda、Shtrilitz Stealth、WinPC、WinSpy都开放这个端口）
12，POP3 Post Office Protocol（E-mail），默认端口号为110/tcp
13，Webshpere应用程序，默认端口号为9080
14，webshpere管理工具，默认端口号9090
15，JBOSS，默认端口号为8080
16，TOMCAT，默认端口号为8080
17，WIN2003远程登录，默认端口号为3389
18，Symantec AV/Filter for MSE,默认端口号为 8081
19，Oracle 数据库，默认的端口号为1521
20，ORACLE EMCTL，默认的端口号为1158
21，Oracle XDB（XML 数据库），默认的端口号为8080
22，Oracle XDB FTP服务，默认的端口号为2100
23，MS SQL*SERVER数据库server，默认的端口号为1433/tcp 1433/udp
24，MS SQL*SERVER数据库monitor，默认的端口号为1434/tcp 1434/udp
高分悬赏英文版的电动车的说明书。急用！！
中文和英文版本。字数限制，只写了英文!
First, electric car use environmental condition
Electric car when exwork uses by an examination.
(1) main technical performance request
(1) electric car highest speed should not be bigger than 20km/h.
(2) electric car entire vehicle quality should not be bigger than 40kg.
(3) electric car must have the good foot pedal to ride the good function.
After a (4) electrically operated bicycle charge continues the course to be supposed not to be smaller than 25km.
(5) electrically operated bicycle makes the electrically operated uniform speed rides when the line the noise by the maximum speed to be supposed not to be bigger than 62db.
(6) hundred kilometers electricity consume should not be bigger than 1.2kwh.
(7) electrically operated bicycle electric motor fixed continuously output should not be bigger than 240W.
(2) entire vehicle safety requirements
(1) the maximum speed electric bicycles to electric ride, the dry braking distance should be not more than 4m, wet braking distance should be not more than 15m.
(2) electric bicycle tire wheel width should be not more than 54mm. Frame / Front * combination of the impact / shock strength of the riser, the horizontal tubes, wheels, saddle, pedal should be in accordance with the provisions of GB3565-1993.
(3) electric cars should be equipped with a headlight and reflector before and after reflector, side reflector, should be returned to its port after device installed.
(4) the installation of electrical systems in place, the correct polarity, the system of electrical installations should comply with the requirements of GB3565-1993. Current electrical wiring should be adapted to ensure that electrical safety can * ride.
(5) of the electrical system to take water-resistant measures, the system should not be used for exposed wiring, and electrical parts of the body shell should not be charged, the insulation resistance value should be not less than 2MΩ.
(6) of the battery electric bicycle should be a good seal. Under normal conditions, the installation location, charge, discharge, when there should be no leakage of fluid phenomena. The nominal battery voltage should be not more than 48V.
(7) electric bicycle brake power devices should be in the brake should be able to automatically cut off the power first.
(8) electric bicycle controller should have the under-voltage, over-current protection function and short-circuit device. Riding in the electric, the speed should be stable.
(C) vehicle assembly requirements
(1) electric bike models require assembly should not be installed the wrong equipment and leakage.
(2) electric bicycle fastening the fasteners should be in place, the rotating parts should be flexible operation.
(3) of the symmetric components in the frame center should be symmetrical face can not be significantly skewed.
(4) variable-speed devices and the braking system should be fitted correctly, flexible manipulation.
(5) Electric Bicycle Fixed pieces of moving parts and does not allow grazing.
(6) radial rim, beating the volume of a round face, with a rim前后轮*, frame-ping, Li * on both sides of space relative deviation, relative deviation前后轮center surface are consistent with the provisions of GB/T3566-1993.
(D) the appearance of vehicle requirements
(1) Electric Bicycle parts of the exposed surface should be clean, no dirt, no rust, trademarks, decals should be complete, clear, correct position.
(2) electric vehicle plastic parts of the color of the surface should be uniform, non-obvious edge, scratch, crack and sag.
(3) of the plating over the exposed parts in line with the provisions of QB/T1217-1991.
(4) over the exposed parts of the paint in line with the provisions of QB/T1218-1991.
(5) pieces of aluminum alloy exposed in line with the provisions of QB/T1284-1995.
(E) electric vehicle is subject to 100km cycling road test
During the trial process can not occur in all parts of the broken vehicle and electrical control system is damaged or invalid parts. Cycling can not afford to lose its electrical function.
(Vi) electric cars must be manual and have the following
(1) read the manual carefully to understand the performance of electric bike before, do not use electric bicycles, not to lend will not manipulate people riding electric bike.
(2) of the horizontal tubes, the risers, saddles, saddle tube and wheel torque fasteners should be tightened Recommended: should be noted that the riser pipe and the saddle of the safety line.
(3) parts lubrication, lubrication oil lubrication cycle and recommended.
(4) right up the chain tight and adjustment method.
(5) the adjustment of brakes and brake Paper on the proposed change, pay attention to rain, snow riding should increase the braking distance.
(6) electric motors, controllers, batteries and maintenance of the correct method to use.
(7) the correct charger, the safe use of the method.
(8) GB/17761-1999 standards in Appendix A (the standard in Appendix) the technical parameters and performance indicators.
Second, the use of electric cars Notes
(A) must comply with operating requirements for electric bikes.
(B) the design standards of electric vehicles for load 75kg, over 90kg when the load, the battery and motor will be damaged.
(C) a long time the battery can not be shelved, shelved charge at least once a month. After cycling the battery discharge must be kept fully charged, it will be a great impact on battery life, will cause serious end-of-life battery.
(D) When the power is exhausted, the system will automatically power off. However, after power off, battery and counter-dancing's "virtual" voltage (reactive power and voltage), then must be recharged after use, otherwise it will create over discharge the battery, which will damage the battery can not be repaired.
(E) electric bicycle trip mileage continued 40-50km. The actual trip mileage continued use will be affected by many factors (such as frequent brake, start, road surfaces, the temperature is too low, on steep slopes, wind speed and under-inflated tires, heavy load) the impact.
(F) attention to the front of the display instrument. Power to open, the electric vehicle can ride at a state, a red LED power indicator light, while green, yellow LED power indicator light, with power cycling, when the green light, yellow light is off, that is about to run out of battery power, at the moment electric ride should stop as soon as possible to the battery charge.
(Vii) pre-riding all the preparatory work must be ready to ensure ride safety.
(1) get off the ground, sliding on and off is prohibited in order to ensure the safety of users.
(2) on the car before opening the power lock switch, and get off before the power lock-off switch.
(3) adjusting the saddle and handlebar height, saddle attention may not be exposed riser pipe and the safety line.
(4) should be slow to speed up cycling. From 0-20km / h, acceleration time is not less than 10S, in order to maintain smooth traffic.
(5) to minimize the number of start. Rapid economic growth of the car (the most power to speed) is generally 16-18km / h.
(6) attention to the braking distance when the ride is generally 4m, the rain increased to double the braking distance.
(H) the horizontal pipe, the riser of the tightened torque for the 16-18N.m.
(I) saddle, saddle tightened torque tube fasteners for the 18-20N.m.
(J) torque for fastening the rear 40-45N.m; front fastening torque for the 18-20N.m.
(K) before the gate skin wheel should be parallel surface pressure, the level of consistency. Paper gates of the space and the wheel is not more than 3mm; brake tightness to grip the handle away from the gate to be able to check the appropriate 10mm. Not the brake, the brake and the skin may not be any part of the wheel contact, gate Paper obvious wear and tear should be replaced in time to avoid injury Rim.
(12) should be elastic spokes, chains grazing may not occur with the body. Adjustment, adjustable rear and the central axis of the distance from the chain up tight control in the 10-15mm.
(Xiii) the prohibition of lubricating rear.
(Xiv) to the appropriate tire pressure, caused by excessive deformation of aluminum circles; low crack caused by tire and inner tube bite; so that inner tube leakage.
(15) in charge should pay attention to:
(1) First, insert the battery charger output of the charging socket and then connect the power input AC 220V.
(2) red charging indicator light on the charger that the normal charge. Fully charged before the green indicator light, green light and then 1-3 hours for the best filling.
(3) finished first unplug the charger's AC power plug, then unplug and plug the battery connections.
(4) does not prohibit the charging, the time will be empty charger connected to the AC power on.
(5) can take to recharge the battery box can also be recharged in the vehicle directly.
(6) If the box had to recharge the battery, charge the battery box back into the end, we have to lock up, the battery box to prevent power outages caused by the phenomenon of loosening.
(7) directly in the vehicle when charging is prohibited to open the power supply electric bicycle lock, to prevent burning charger.
(8) charging the surrounding environment should be ventilation, no fire, be sure to use consistent with the configuration of the charger, the demolition of the battery box is strictly prohibited without permission.
(9) charger work on a child to reach in order to avoid the risk.
(10) light using light to avoid shock release.
(16) years and as far as possible to prevent the motor started, riding the best first human motor starting up again so as to avoid a zero start, the impact of too much current the battery, electrical and machinery life.
(17) should ride on rainy days to prevent the controller and motor in water, caused by short circuit damage.
(18) climbing, on the bridge, the wind speed and great battery-powered flow through the impact of motor and battery life, the best human-assisted riding at this time.
Third, the electric bicycle maintenance
(A) the maintenance of electrical and maintenance
(1) vehicle is sold prior to installation and commissioning to the best state, in use, please do not arbitrarily removable appliances and related components. Found that when riding transmission components such as the issue of abnormal sound, electricity and other unusual circumstances do not work, should be invited to professional maintenance repair division.
(2) motor are not required to adjust the normal use or maintenance, just some clean work surface to dust. Not to add components in the transmission oil.
(B) the maintenance of batteries and maintenance
(1) When the instrument panel red LED lights when the voltage that power into the hunger zone, should be charging. Charge will be timely to extend the battery life greatly. A day on the battery is fully charged, each charging time should be 8-12 hours. At any time to allow the battery to maintain state of abundance, of great benefit to their life. If after riding a timely charge, will be a great impact on battery life. May result in severe end-of-life battery.
(2) electric bike starts, should be slow to accelerate; in a larger gradient of the road and moving against the wind, it is best able to push enough support to avoid high-current discharge batteries to extend battery and motor life. Electrical components and to avoid burnout.
(3) long-term battery when not in use should be kept fully charged, and be not less than every three months to conduct a supplementary 24-hour charge.
(4) Rechargeable batteries should be in circulation in the air environment. * To avoid a nearby fire source, rechargeable battery pack when it would be preferable to remove in order to facilitate heat dissipation.
(5) batteries in the best working environment temperature
15 ℃ -40 ℃. In this temperature range, the battery will have an impact on the normal work.
(6) can not short-circuit the battery positive and negative side to avoid danger.
(7) can only use the manufacturers provide a dedicated charger for charging.
(8) battery is a special battery. Please do not as a power source other than electric bicycle use, so as to avoid battery damage.
(9) can not use organic solvents to clean the battery case. Accidents involving fires, fire can not use carbon dioxide, and carbon tetrachloride should be used like a fire extinguisher.
(10) with group electrical failure if, please sent to manufacturers or authorized and properly handle relevant agencies. Please do not arbitrarily discarded in order to avoid environmental pollution.
(11) ambient temperature higher than 40 ℃ or lower than -10 ℃, the battery life will be shortened. So when the summer heat, the battery should avoid direct sun. Low temperature in winter, the batteries should be stored indoors, and indoors for recharging. Battery fully charged, the charge should be extended for a further 2 hours.
(12) ambient temperature at -10 ℃, the battery can only produce 60% of electricity consumption. Therefore, the full power of winter mileage than a summer full of power to reduce a lot of mileage. Winter driving in the electric power when traveling for a good pedal.
(13) battery is a consumable, battery life is limited. Battery end-of-life period should be based on mileage full power can only be achieved once the state (25Km) for assessment of the half. That is, a fully charged mileage at less than 13Km termination of battery life, batteries should be replaced with new ones.
(14) summer electric vehicles will be prohibited on a long time exposure under the scorching sun.
(C) the maintenance and maintenance controllers
Controller in the electric bike has been factory adjusted to the best condition. If riding when an electrical malfunction or loss of control over the phenomenon of non-professional maintenance personnel can only be on the cable, connector inspection, if the fault can not be ruled out immediately and professional maintenance of contact points, or manufacturers.
求1995年8月托福听力原稿
95年8月 托福听力文字
1. Do you want to go on a trip with us to Florida this spring?
It will cost about $300 a person.
What can be inferred about the man?
2. My watch stopped again. And I just got a new battery.
Why don't you take it to Smith's Jewelry. They can check it for you. And they're pretty reasonable.
What does the man mean?
3. We're going to change our meeting from Monday to Tuesday.
It's all the same to me.
What does the man mean?
4. We plan to go to the beach after class. Want to come?
I'd love to. But Prof. Jones want to speak with me.
What will the woman probably do?
5. Janet sounded worried about her grades.
But she's getting As & Bs, isn't she?
What does the man imply about Janet?
6. You look GREat since you've been taking those exercises classes.
Thanks. I've never felt better in my life.
What does the man imply?
7. I had a hard time getting through this novel.
I know how you feel. Who can remember the names of 35 different characters.
What does the woman imply?
8. That's a long line. Do you think there'll be any tickets left?
I doubt it. Guess we'll wind up going to the second show.
What does the woman mean?
9. This course in much too hard for me.
Sorry you decided to take it, huh?
What does the man ask the woman?
10. Are you going home for winter vacation?
I'd agreed to stay on here as a research assistant.
What can be inferred about the woman?
11. Hello!
Hello! This is Dr, Grey's office. We're calling to remind you of your 4:15 appointment for your annual checkup tomorrow.
Oh, thanks. It's a good thing that you called. I thought it was 4:15 today.
What does the man mean?
12. How wonderful you won the scholarship. Can you believe it?
No. It's almost too good to be true.
What does the man mean?
13. Excuse me. Prof. Davidson. But I was hoping to talk to you about my class project for economics.
I have a class in a few minutes. Why don't you come to see me during office hours tomorrow?
When will the woman discuss her project with Prof. Davidson?
14. How are you feeling?
The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped. But it's making me awfully drowsy.
What does the woman mean?
15. Bill Smith has volunteered to write a summary of the proposals we've agreed on.
Will I have a chance to review it?
What does the woman want to know?
16. Why don't you wear that yellow shirt that your sister gave you for your birthday.
I love that shirt. But it's missing two buttons.
What does the man mean?
17. How many classes do you have today?
Just one. From 3 till 6.
What does the man mean?
18. Our football team didn't play very well.
That's true. But at least we won the game.
What does the man mean?
19. This has been an unusually cool summer.
Uh huh! I actually had to get out my wool sweaters in August.
What does the woman imply?
20. I got some bad news today. The store where I work in laying off staff.
Are they going to let you go?
What does the woman want to know?
21. I'd like to pick this film up by 4 tomorrow afternoon.
I can have it for you at 2 if you like.
What does the woman say about the film?
22. I talked to Philip today and he said he'd be coming to the party.
Oh, so he can come after all.
What can be inferred about Philip?
23. Gary insists on buying the food for the picnic.
That's pretty generous. But shouldn't we at least offer to share the expense?
What does the woman suggest they do?
24. How's the new job going?
Well. I'm getting used to lots of new things. But I wish the supervisor would give me some feedback.
What does the woman mean?
25. Did Linda ever finish that introductory chapter?
I'm not sure. She's spent hours on end rewriting it.
What does the man imply about Linda?
26. The supermarket down the street is selling everything half price BECause they are going out of business.
Sounds like an ideal time to stock up on coffee.
What does the man mean?
27. Have you heard anything about the new professor?
Just that she's no pushover.
What does the man say about the professor?
28. I need to get a copy of my birth certificate.
Sorry. But we can only accept requests by mail now.
What does the woman mean?
29. When is the earliest flight from Washington to New York?
There's a shuttle at six. And if that's full, there's another at 7.
What does the man mean?
30. How do you like to help me plan the refreshments for the astronomy club meeting tomorrow night?
Sure. Let's be careful not to overdo it though. Last time we had enough for 3 clubs put together.
What does the woman mean?
Question 31-33
David, can I give you a hand with one of those grocery bags?
Sure, Nanny. Could you take this one please? I didn't realize how heavy these bags would be.
Why did you buy so much stuff when you have to walk back home from the store?
Well, I didn't intend to buy a lot. But I'm having some people over and I guess I needed more than I expected.
What's the occasion?
Now the people I live with, the Kremers, have been on vacation for a month and I thought I'd surprise them. I'm inviting some of their friends and families for a welcome home dinner.
Oh, that's really thoughtful of you.
I figure it's the least I can do for them. They've been letting me stay with them rent free while I'm in school.
Really? That's pretty generous of them.
Well, they understand how difficult it is to make ends meet when you're a student. They've been such a big help to me. I thought that this might be a small way to thank them for the generosity.
31. What is David trying to do?
32. Why did David think he wouldn't have a problem?
33. Why is David appreciative of the Kremers?
Question 34-37
Wonderful I spent most of my time at the art museum. I especially liked the new wing. I was amazed to hear the guide explain the problems they had building it.
Right. I just read an article that went on & on about the cost. 90 million total I think.
Yeah. The guide mentioned that. You could see they spared no expense.
Hm. It looked really unusual, at least from what I saw in the picture.
It is. The basic design is two triangles. In fact there are triangles all over. The paving stones in the courtyard, the skylights and even a lot of the sculptures.
One sculpture is a mobile. It's in the courtyard and it's made of pieces of aluminum that moves slowly in the air. It's really impressive.
That was in the article too. It said that the original was steel and it weighed so much that it wasn't safe to hand.
Right. They did it over in aluminum so it wouldn't come crashing down on someone's head.
You know the article went into that in detail. There was even an interview with the sculptor.
I'd like to read that. Would you mind if I borrow the magazine sometime?
No. I wouldn't mind if I haven't thrown it out yet.
34. What did the woman think of the new wing of the museum?
35. How had the man learned about the museum?
36. According to the woman, what do the paving stones, skylights and mobile have in common?
37. What was the problem with the original mobile?
Questions 38 to 41
In the few minutes that remain of today's class. I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you because I'm presenting a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday's class. I will however be here for Monday's. Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the half way point in the semester. Prof. Andrews has aGREed to administer the exam. In place of the usual Wednesday's class, I've arranged an optional review session. Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken. However attending the class would be a good idea for those worried about the midterm. So remember: Optional class next Wednesday; Midterm, Friday.
38. What is the purpose of the talk?
39. At what point during the semester does the talk take place?
40. What did Prof. Andrews agree to do?
41. What will occur at next Wednesday's class time?
Question 42 to 46
Today's lecture we'll center on the prehistoric people of Nevada Desert. Now most of these prehistoric desert people moved across the countryside throughout the year. You might think that they're wandering aimlessly. Far from it, they actually followed the series of carefully planned moves.
Where they moved depended on where food was available. Places where plants were ripening or fish were spawning. Now often when these people moved, they carried all their possessions on their backs. But if the journey was long, extra food and tools were sometimes stored in caves or beneath rocks.
One of these caves is now an exciting archaeological site. Beyond its small opening is a huge underground grotto. Even though the cave is very large, it was certainly two dark and dusty for the crawlers to live in. But it was a great place to hide things. And tremendous amounts of food supplies and artifacts have been found there. The food includes dried fish seeds and nuts. The artifacts include stone spear points and knives. The spar points are actually rather small. Here is a picture of some that were found. You can see their size in relation to the hands holding them.
42. What is the main subject of this talk?
43. What point does the speaker make about the prehistoric people of the Nevada Desert?
44. Why didn't the people live in the cave described by the speaker?
45. What have archaeologists found in the cave?
46. Why does the speaker show a photo to the class?
Question 47 to 50
To us, the environment in which fish dwell often seems cold, dark and mysterious. But there are advantages to living in water. And they've played an important role in making fish what they are. One is that water isn't subject to sudden temperature changes. Therefore it makes an excellent habitat for a cold blooded animal.
Another advantage is the water's ability to easily support body weight. Protoplasm has approximately the same density as water. So a fish in water is almost weightless. This weightlessness in turn means two things:
1) A fish can get along with a light weight and a simple bone structure. And
2) Limitations to a fish's size are practically removed. Yet there is one basic difficulty to living in water the fact that it is incompressible. For a fish to move through water, it must actually shove it aside. Most can do this by wiggling back and forth in snakelike motion. The fish pushes water aside by the forward motion of its head and with a curve of its body and its flexible tall. Next the water flows back along the fish's narrowing size, closing in at the tall and helping the fish propel itself forward.
The fact that water is incompressible has literally shaped the development of fish. A flat and angular shape can be moved through water only with difficulty. And for this reason, fish have a basic shape that is beautifully adapted to deal with this peculiarity.
47. What is the talk mainly about?
48. What does the speaker mention as a problem that water presents to fish?
49. The speaker compares a fish's movement with that of what creature?
50. What aspect of a fish does the speaker discuss in the most detail?